EP0062091A2 - Refuse vehicle with rotary tank - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Refuse collection truck with rotary container, whose driven rotary container (1), serving as a collecting container, is surrounded by a stationary outer casing and which is closable at the rear region with a cover (33) held fast against relative rotational movement and provided with a press screw (18), the rotary container (1) comprising at the rear a large rolling contact bearing (3) whose outer race (5) is held on the chassis (6), characterised in that the outer casing is constructed as a rigid torsion cylinder (12) which is connected at the rear to the outer race (5) of the large rolling contact bearing (3), and that the torsion cylinder (12) is supported at the front side solely on the chassis (6), so that in that region only vertical forces can be transmitted, and also comprises a torsionally rigid end wall (13) at which the rotary drive (14) for the rotary container (1) is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a rotary container garbage truck, the rotary container serving as a collecting container can be closed at the rear by a cover provided with a press screw and the end wall is rotatably mounted, while the rear-side storage in a large-diameter rolling bearing is carried out rigidly by fastening its outer ring to a carrier mounted on the vehicle , whose side wall lies against the slewing bearing.

Such rotary container garbage trucks are known. The container is at the end of the vehicle on a welded race that runs on support rollers or is stored in a large roller bearing. At the front, this container is supported on the chassis frame on a central pin welded into the end wall, which runs in a roller bearing. At the rear of the open cylinder part there is a cover that can be folded up for emptying can. He also carries the loading device, which consists of a cone open at the bottom, around which a screw is wrapped. The cap is hinged at the top of a special box-shaped construction and held at the bottom with hooks to absorb the internal pressing forces.

A large roller bearing is not to be used without appropriate rigid connecting structures for the inner and outer ring. Therefore, the inner ring is attached to the container with which it turns around. The outer ring stands and surrounds a so-called box girder, to which all the necessary units are attached. (DE-AS 28 09 191).

The drive for the rotary movement of the container takes place via a toothed ring placed around the container, into which a toothed pinion engages, mechanically or hydrostatically driven. One direction of rotation is used for loading, the other for emptying.

'With such a toothing there is a sensitivity to radial impact, so that careful and regular lubrication of the open toothing is necessary.

Due to the rear bearing of the drive with its heavy sprocket relatively far back a low front axle load, which is an obstacle to the maneuverability of the vehicle, so that the front axle had to be artificially weighted in three-axle vehicles. The application of the box girder must be done in a divided manner, which results in installation difficulties and a comprehensive clasping of the outer ring must be ensured by additional components. Additional moments result from the rotation of the container during refilling, which is required by using a paddle wheel. In the known garbage trucks, the rotating drum has to be clad purely for optical and safety reasons and has no other function.

The invention has for its object to provide a rotary container garbage truck, which avoids the above-mentioned shortcomings by redesigning the drive, the structural design and the loading device and the container drive. Another object is to make the operation of such a garbage truck more economical by saving fuel.

This object is achieved in a rotary container garbage truck of the type described above in that the rotary container on the front side, that is to say on the side of the driver's cab of the motor vehicle is driven and the drive is mounted in a torque disk which closes a torsion cylinder on the end wall side, which carries a large roller bearing on the rear side. The outer ring of the large roller bearing is mounted on a T-profile with a flange and web on which the cover or cover carrier is attached.

Another expedient measure is to make the T-profile ring-shaped and to produce it in one piece, so that no interruption in the flow of force can take place and the assembly of such a frame carrier can be carried out quickly and easily.

A particular advantage of the invention is the drive of the rotary container via its central axis or its journal, because this enables a more even weight distribution on the front and rear axles. The drive is expediently carried out on a planetary gear, which has a hydrostatic drive with constant quantity control. This makes it possible for the speed of the drive motor to be adjusted simultaneously with the adjustment of the variable displacement pump via the desired speed of the container, that is to say a speed control or via the pressure, that is to say a power control. This means that if the container is unloaded, i.e. an increased idling speed of the engine is sufficient at the start of loading, to overcome the intrinsic friction. As the load progresses, the motor turns faster to reach its power or torque range that is most optimal for the loading operation.

The press screw is designed as a relatively short press cylinder with two hypothetical cylinders lying one inside the other with the same edge spacing from one another and with the same length, which has a helical cut in the outer cylinder. This is continued on the inner cylinder diameter up to the completely closed end wall. A screw segment-shaped part of the outer jacket is arranged to the right up to the outlet edge. According to the invention, the pitch of the outer thread is advantageously designed to be progressive. The wear surface of the press cylinder is given a wear order. The press cylinder itself is interchangeable so that it can be replaced according to the goods to be filled, for example for bags, rubble or paper.

A particular advantage of the invention is that the large roller bearing can be screwed to the container flange. The frame support can also be pushed onto the large roller bearing outer ring and together with the gate sion cylinder can be screwed together with clamping blocks. According to the invention, the cover opening and closing cylinders act on the frame support itself. The lid is opened from the weight with increasing moments. The locks are also attached according to the invention on the frame support on the vertical axis of the large roller bearing. They consist of a bayonet lock construction, which can be operated by one cylinder each without reset.

Further details of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the drawing.

• Fig. 1 eine Teil-Seitenansicht auf einen Drehtrommel-Müllwagen,
• Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung des Preßzylinders,
• Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A - B der Fig. 2,
• Fig. 4 eine grafische Darstellung einer Beladekurve,
• Fig. 5 eine grafische Darstellung von Verbrauch Drehmoment und Leistung eines Fahrzeug-Dieselmotors,
• Fig. 6 eine Rückansicht nach Fig. 1,
• Fig. 7 einen Schnitt durch ein T-Profil als Rahmenträger,
• Fig. 8 eine schematische Ansicht einer bekannten vorderen Behälter-Auflagerung,
• Fig. 9 eine Auflagerung nach Fig. 8 mit einem Schräggelenklager,
• Fig. 10 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-B der Fig. 9
• Fig. 11 eine Auflagerung nach Fig. 8 mit einem Axial-Gelenklager,
• Fig. 12 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-B der Fig. 11,
• Fig. 13 eine Auflagerung nach Fig. 9 mit einer beweglichen Rolle,
• Fig. 14 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-B der Fig. 13 und
• Fig. 15 eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Deckel-Verriegelungseinrichtung.

The invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing in some exemplary embodiments and details. Show it:

• 1 is a partial side view of a rotary drum garbage truck,
• 2 is a schematic representation of the press cylinder,
• 3 shows a section along the line A - B of FIG. 2,
• 4 shows a graphical representation of a loading curve,
• 5 is a graphical representation of consumption torque and power of a vehicle diesel engine,
• 6 is a rear view of FIG. 1,
• 7 shows a section through a T-profile as a frame support,
• 8 is a schematic view of a known front container support,
• 9 shows a support according to FIG. 8 with an angular contact bearing,
• 10 shows a section along line AB of FIG. 9
• 11 is a support according to FIG. 8 with an axial spherical plain bearing,
• 12 shows a section along the line AB of FIG. 11,
• 13 is a support according to FIG. 9 with a movable roller,
• Fig. 14 is a section along the line AB of Fig. 13 and
• Fig. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a lid locking device.

1, the container 1 rests with its end wall in an end wall flange 2 and on the rear side in a large roller bearing 3. The inner ring 4 of the large roller bearing is fixedly attached to the container 1, while the outer ring 5, which, like the inner ring, is in one piece is trained. is fixed to the chassis frame 6 in a rigid bearing 7. The end-side, front bearing 8, however, is movably arranged. On the outer ring 5 of the large roller bearing 3, a T-profile 9 is placed, which with its flange 10, which is relatively wide, rotates closed around the large roller bearing outer ring 5. It is with the likewise closed web plate 11, which only rests on the end face of the large-diameter bearing outer ring 5 and is connected to it by external screws, a unit which, as can be seen from the preceding, can be easily assembled (FIG. 7).

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the outer ring 5 of the large roller bearing 3 is screwed to a torsion cylinder 12 which is connected to a torque disk 13 on the end wall. In it, the drive of the container 1 is mounted, which is advantageously a hydrostatic drive 14 with a planetary gear, which has a constant quantity control, which will be described later. The rotary container 1 is driven via its central axis or its axis Bearing journal 15. It should be pointed out that it is a great advantage according to the invention to accommodate the weight of the end wall between the gearbox bearings. The gear unit is screwed to the inside of the bulkhead flange and, in this arrangement, assumes the property of a rigid shaft which is mounted within the gear unit. Since the gearbox is installed on the front wall of the container, a more appropriate weight distribution is achieved on the chassis. Only vertical forces, i.e. no bending, are transferred from the torque disk to the chassis. The torque disk is screwed to the housing screws of the gearbox. There is a significant advantage in warehousing, since the same gear can always be used with a different length of container 1. The torque disk 13 as well as the torsion cylinder 12 and the container 1 can be prefabricated. The torque disk 13 can be mounted together with the front bearing 8 in unit with the gear 14. The torsion cylinder 12 is relatively thin and well suited to accommodate sound-absorbing means 16. Due to the torque plate 13 and the attachment to the torsion cylinder 12 there is no need to attach a front bearing block. This results in a small loss of usable space.

On the flange 10 of the T-beam 9, cover carriers 17 of a cover 33 are fastened, which can be pivoted upwards. A press screw is attached to it, which is designed as a relatively short press cylinder 18 with two hypothetical cylinders 26 and 27 lying one inside the other with the same edge distance from one another and with the same length (see also FIG. 2). The lid 33 is opened by the lid opening cylinder 19. The insertion opening 20 and the subsequent arrows 21 show the path of the goods to be picked up / Fig. 1).

Due to the arrangement of the large roller bearing according to the invention and the elimination of a toothed ring on the rear-side container outer wall and in particular by the elimination of a paddle wheel, the large roller bearing can be placed and fastened almost to the end of the container 1. As a result, there are no moments on the closed large roller bearing connection structure for bridging the paddle wheel length. This results in the smallest vehicle overhang and thus a favorable axle load. By using the T-profile 9, an easy assembly and disassembly of the large roller bearing on the tank and a lower (according to height) installation on the chassis is possible.

According to the invention, the gear is screwed onto the end wall flange from the inside. In this arrangement, it takes on the property of a rigid shaft which is rotatably mounted within the transmission. The front wall of the container is, as has already been mentioned, between the gearbox bearings (see arrows 22 and 23 of FIG. 1). The drive according to the invention results in simple assembly. A pinion setting is not necessary. Since it is an encapsulated oil-lubricated drive, it is not sensitive to dirt. The construction according to the invention also makes it possible to maintain a minimum distance between the driver's cab 24 and the container end wall 25.

The theoretical and constructive details of the design of the press cylinder 18 can be seen from FIG. The press cylinder is used to properly compact the waste. In addition, the leading edge must be located far enough from the casing of the rotating container 1 on the inside in order to avoid unnecessary crushing of large waste parts. The opening cross-section must be as large as possible. In addition, the press cylinder should be designed so that the installation of different sized wear plates is unnecessary. The press cylinder t8 originally consists of two cylinders 27 and 28 lying one inside the other with the same edge distance from one another and with the same length. In this case, a helical incision 29 is made in the outer cylinder 27 and continues on the inner cylinder 28 diameter up to the completely closed end wall. A screw segment-shaped part of the outer jacket remains up to the outlet edge 30 (right). The leading edge 31 (left) has the original diameter of the inner cylinder 28 up to the slide 32, which is arranged in the cover 33 (see FIG. 1). The pitch of the outer thread is designed progressively, since it is for the pressing force in the rotary container 1 is decisive in connection with the drive power. The garbage is pressed with the surface of the entire outer cylinder into the rotary container 1 without detour. The press cylinder does not have any individual wear plates, but is covered with a wear application over the entire press surface at risk. The press cylinder 18 is screwed to the cover 33. As a result, there is no downtime of the vehicle when the old press cylinder has to be repaired. It remains the same size for all containers, so that an exchange with each other is possible.

For special types of waste, press cylinders can be exchanged, for example for bag removal, bulky goods with manual loading, rubble, paper or glass, in a design suitable for this purpose.

In order to ensure a good loading, it is important to ensure that the waste is screwed into the container 1 at an early stage. The screw pitch begins fiction according to the left inlet edge. The outer surface of the press cylinder is covered with studs 34, which strip off the small parts taken into the container, so that only a small amount of "backwashing" to the chute 70 occurs. The press cylinder 18 is axially offset from the container so that the small parts carried along the wedge surface can rotate freely.

All segments of the end wall have approximately a triangular shape. The tips all collide on one point.

From Fig. 3, which shows a section along the line A-B of Fig. 2, the collision of the tip at point M can be seen. The screw flange 71 on the right in FIG. 3 lies against the cover 33.

4 shows the loading curve as a function of the loading time in minutes, the drive power in kilowatts and the weight in tons (compression power).

In the past, the rotary container garbage trucks were mechanically driven by the auxiliary drive of the chassis by means of cardan shafts via switching clutches and the like. In modern garbage trucks, hydrostatic drives are used, which have the great advantage that a blockage valve or when the compaction limit is reached via a safety valve the system can be switched off exactly. However, such systems are designed so that at a relatively high operating speed of the engine with a swash plate pump just the required speed of the container is reached. With swiveling beyond 0 °, only the opposite direction of rotation of the container is made possible for emptying. The motor must always turn at the set speed, regardless of the performance required when refilling. This means that high consumption levels occur.

According to the invention, a variable displacement pump, which is correspondingly larger in terms of the delivery rate, is installed for the drive and is controlled by various sensors which, at different drive speeds, always delivers the amount of liquid which is required for the operating speed of the container. With such a constant quantity control, the speed of the drive motor is adjusted either via the desired speed of the container (speed control) or via the pressure (power control) with the adjustment of the variable pump.

If the container is unloaded, i.e. at the start of loading, an increased idling speed of the engine is sufficient to overcome the internal friction. As the load progresses, the engine turns faster to or reach the torque range that is required for the corresponding load.

4 shows the loading curve with the loading time, the drive power, the container filling (pressing) and the weight loading. The required drive power is very low on the lower left branch of the curve (almost to the middle). In this area it is therefore unnecessary to drive with high engine power. This is only necessary when the container is filled to 150%, i.e. when compression begins.

The following table is calculated from FIG. 4, which represents the calculated values which result from the curves of FIGS. 4 and 5. It turns out that with the arrangement according to the invention, fuel savings of at least 25% can be achieved. This reduction in fuel consumption also results in lower gaseous emissions and less noise.

FIG. 6 shows a view of a T-profile 9 according to FIG. 1 _0. The peripheral flange 11 of the T-profile can be clearly seen from it. The applied side cheeks 35 serve to suspend the cover 33 and reinforce the ribs 36.

The locking holes 37 and 38 receive the locking of the cover 33. Between these two locking bores 37 and 38, the moment from the load is to be recorded. It is indicated by arrows 39.

Details of the T-profile can be found in FIG. 7, which represents a section along the line A-B of FIG. 6. The container flange 39 is welded onto the rotary drum container 1, the flange 40 of which carries the inner ring 4 of the large roller bearing 3, which is fastened to the flange 40 by screws 41. The outer ring 5 rests on the web 11 of the T-profile 9, at the same time the torsion cylinder 16 is screwed to the outer ring 5.

8 shows a schematic view of a known front container support, that is to say on the front side. In the case of short containers, the lateral support 43 against the container 1 can be dispensed with, so that the entire container lies in real three-point support on the chassis. In the case of longer containers, such a support 43 is necessary because of the vibration phenomena in order to limit the degree of lateral freedom. Between the support 43 and the container 1 elastic members such as rubber springs 44 or disc springs 45 are attached to the lateral movement caused by the chassis frame 6 is initiated with the subframe 46, limit. The longitudinal movement (seen into the plane of the drawing) is absorbed by the pin 47 (seen on its longitudinal axis) by a pushing movement.

A cardanic bearing with the beam 49 and the pedestals 50 is a complex construction that is not variable with different chassis frame widths.

According to the invention, a simple and cost-saving construction is created which fulfills all requirements from the mechanical stresses, for example the torsion, and which is also independent of the chassis width.

Fig. 9 shows an arrangement of a two-way movable connection between the container 1 and the cross members 51 of the subframe 46. This connection is made up of two opposed, standardized and ready-made angular contact bearings or axial joint bearings that absorb large forces with the smallest dimensions . These spherical bearings consist of the ball segment 52 and the ball socket 53. They are against one with a clamping screw 54 and the washers 55 Support plate 56, which is welded to the bottom of the container 1, stretched. The vertical load in the direction of arrow 57 is transmitted to the ball segments 52 via a sleeve 58 which is so large in the inside diameter that it cannot touch the clamping screw 54 during a lateral pivoting movement in the direction of the arrows 59. The ball sockets 53 rest on the support profile 60; you can also roll on this. The longitudinal movement resulting from the twisting is transferred to these roles. The support profile 60 is connected to the cross members 51.

The clamping screw 54 also holds the safety bracket 61, which clasps the support profile 60. This device provides protection against lifting the container 1 from the chassis frame 6 in the event of an accident. In addition, the safety bracket 61 also takes over the guidance in the longitudinal direction of the container 1, since it always maintains its position. 10 shows a section in the direction of line A - B of FIG. 9.

Fig. 11 also shows an arrangement of a two-way movable connection between a container 1 and the cross members 51 of the subframe 46. It is made from a vertical spherical plain bearing which is commercially available and has small dimensions and withstands a lot of stress. This spherical bearing consists of the ball segment 52 and the ball socket 53. The spherical bearing is guided by the central pin 62 and loaded vertically by the auxiliary container structure 63. The ball socket 53 rests on a square disk 64. Below this is a likewise square disk made of plastic with a large surface pressure, with lubricating and good sliding properties, which is guided and taken along by the central pin 62 and allows the movement in the longitudinal direction between the disk 65 and the support profile 66. The disk 64 and the K-disk 65 have a slot-like bore, which allows a pivoting movement, but takes both disks in a longitudinal movement from the central pin 62. A correspondingly large bore is made in the support of the support profile 66 in order to enable both movements.

The container 1 is biased from below in the support profile 66 by means of disc springs 67 or a rubber spring 68 via the central pin 62 by means of the nut 69, the support profile 66. The ball socket 53, the washer 64 and the K washer 65 are guided on both sides by the strips 70.

Fig. 13 also shows an arrangement of a bidirectional connection between a container 1 and the cross member 51 of the subframe 46 (see Fig. 14). It is constructed from a cylindrical roller (movable bridge bearing), which is made spherical with the radius R in approximately the width shown. A bale roller 62 transmits the forces which are divided into line contact. It rolls itself on the support profile 63, the upper surface of which is also rounded off with the radius R. The side walls 64 guide the bale roller 62. A fastening screw 65 is inserted through a large bore in this bale roller without contact, which at the same time holds the securing bracket 66 formed after the pivoting movement. During a longitudinal movement, a cycloid-like movement of the bale roller 62 takes place; the side cheeks 64 move with the bale roller in the longitudinal movement. Because of the difference in diameter between the fastening screw 65 and the bore in the ball roller 62, there is no contact with one another. According to the invention, the direct load transfer advantageously takes place without a pin bearing.

15 shows a schematic perspective view of a lid locking device. At the Lid carrier 17 is fastened to a bolt 67 which engages in a bearing bush 68 which is mounted in the web of the T-profile 9. A two-section bayonet catch 70 is actuated by the locking cylinder 69 and is actuated without resetting by the locking cylinders on both sides of the cover 33.

Claims (19)

1.Turnable garbage truck, the rotating container serving as a collecting container can be closed at the rear by a cover provided with a press screw and which is rotatably supported at the end wall, while the rear-side storage takes place rigidly in a slewing bearing with its outer ring attached to a carrier mounted on the vehicle, the latter Sidewall on the large roller bearing, characterized in that the rotary container (1) is driven on the end wall (23) and the drive (15) is mounted in a torque disk (13) which closes a torsion cylinder (12) on the end wall side, which on the rear side Slewing bearing (3) is connected. 2. Rotary container garbage truck, characterized. that the outer ring (5) of the large roller bearing (3) is mounted on a T-profile (9). 3. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 2, characterized in that the lid or the lid support (17) is attached to the T-profile (9). 4. rotary container garbage truck according to claim 3, characterized in that the T-profile (9) is annular. 5. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 4, characterized in that the T-profile (9) is in one piece. 6. Rotary container garbage truck characterized in that the drive of the rotary container (1) via its central axis or its journal (15). 7. rotary container garbage truck according to claim 6, characterized in that the drive is a planetary gear. 8. rotary container garbage truck according to claim 7, characterized in that the transmission has a hydrostatic drive with constant quantity control. 9. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 8, characterized in that the constant quantity control is set so that at different drive speeds always the amount of liquid flows in, which is required for the operating speed of the rotary container (1). 10. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 1, characterized in that the press screw is designed as a relatively short press cylinder (18) with two interposed cylinders with the same edge spacing from each other with the same length, which has a helical incision ( ₂₉ ) in the outer cylinder. 11 .. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 10, characterized in that the helical incision (2 ₉ ) continues on the inner cylinder diameter up to the completely closed end wall, with a screw segment-shaped part of the outer casing extending to the outlet edge on the right. 12. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 10 and / or one of the following, characterized in that the slope of the outer thread. is progressive. 13. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 10 and / or one of the following, characterized in that the wear surface of the press cylinder (18) is provided with a wear order. 14. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 10 and / or one of the following, characterized in that the press cylinder is interchangeable. 15. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 10, characterized in that the press cylinder corresponding to the to be filled. Good for sacks, rubble, paper is interchangeable. 16. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 1 and / or one of the following, characterized in that locking cylinders are screwed to the lock and with their bearing bushes in the web of the T-profile. 17. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 1 and / or one of the following, characterized in that the center of the cover axis of rotation and the center of the lock are arranged approximately perpendicular to the center of the large roller bearing. 18. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 1 and / or one of the following, characterized in that the rotary container (1) rests on the cross members (51) of the subframe (46) on angular contact bearings (52) or axial joint bearings. 19. Rotary container garbage truck according to claim 1 and / or one of the following, characterized in that the large roller bearing (3) is arranged near the end of the container (1).

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