EP0061981B1 - Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung - Google Patents

Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061981B1
EP0061981B1 EP19820420041 EP82420041A EP0061981B1 EP 0061981 B1 EP0061981 B1 EP 0061981B1 EP 19820420041 EP19820420041 EP 19820420041 EP 82420041 A EP82420041 A EP 82420041A EP 0061981 B1 EP0061981 B1 EP 0061981B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bars
reference plane
pisé
furnace
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19820420041
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0061981A1 (de
Inventor
Serge Lacroix
Daniel Dumas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
Original Assignee
Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA filed Critical Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
Publication of EP0061981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0061981A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0061981B1 publication Critical patent/EP0061981B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/20—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring
    • E04F21/22—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring of single elements, e.g. flooring cramps ; flexible webs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • C21B7/106—Cooling of the furnace bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/14—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/12—Shells or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B1/14—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes

Definitions

  • the new base which is the subject of the invention, relates to ovens used in metallurgy and, more particularly, those which include a crucible in which a metal or liquid alloy brought together at high temperature is collected.
  • blast furnaces and electrometallurgy ovens relate more particularly to blast furnaces and electrometallurgy ovens and, especially, those which have below the lining of the crucible, a cooled bottom, the temperature level of which is controlled by circulation of a fluid such as water, oil or any other fluid.
  • metallurgical furnaces which include a crucible, the refractory lining of which is made, at least in part, of graphite and / or carbon blocks assembled with a sharp joint.
  • a method of construction makes it possible to obtain a very long service life of the crucibles, provided that the assembling of the planking blocks is carried out. with great precision and remains perfectly stable over time.
  • the base on which the refractory lining of the crucible will be mounted has good flatness and good mechanical strength over time. This is all the more necessary since we now know how to machine the flat faces of carbonaceous blocks with an accuracy of ⁇ 0.2 mm.
  • This cooling is particularly important in the areas adjacent to the axis of the furnace.
  • the base must therefore allow good flow of the heat flow, between the graphite and / or carbon blocks constituting the lining, and the cooling means.
  • the first type is a refractory concrete constituted by aggregates based on oxides, such as, for example, silicoaluminous refractories bound by a cement.
  • Such concretes are relatively easy to set up and harden by hydraulic setting.
  • the thermal conductivity of such a base is low, of the order of 1 W - m -1 ⁇ K - 1 ; it is possible to double it using a corundum-based aggregate, but such a solution is very expensive and, moreover, the grinding operation is made even more difficult because of the curity of this material.
  • a second type of base is constituted by a paving of refractory tiles of a few centimeters of thickness posed, for example, on a bed of cement.
  • Patent FR 2104389 describes a method for precisely adjusting such tiles so that their upper surface is in the same plane.
  • reference tiles are placed at well-defined intervals on a bed of cement or mortar which has previously been laid on the bottom sheet.
  • the level of these tiles is adjusted by driving them more or less into the mortar so that their surface merges with a reference plane which is controlled by optical means well known to those skilled in the art. From these reference points, the adjustment of the intermediate tiles can be carried out simply by checking, by means of a flat ruler, that their upper face is in the reference plane.
  • Such a method makes it possible to produce a base having a reference plane which can be of great precision if the surface quality of the tiles is satisfactory and if the laying has been carried out with sufficient care.
  • the paving can be carried out by means of tiles of carbonaceous material and, in particular, of graphite.
  • the base which is the subject of the invention consists of a layer of rammed earth in direct contact with the cooled bottom, containing at least 80% by weight of graphite and a binder based on synthetic resin, and a thin layer of a leveling grout which covers the rammed earth and contains at least 40% by weight of graphite fines and a binder based on synthetic resin.
  • the invention also relates to the method of setting up this base.
  • the adobe based on graphite contains either natural graphite such as Ceylon or Madagascar graphite, or artificial graphite, or a mixture of these two qualities of graphite.
  • a resin such as, for example, a thermosetting resin with a content of about 8 to 15% by weight is used as binder.
  • a catalyst is added which allows the adobe to set at room temperature.
  • the layer of rammed earth which is deposited in the bottom of the blast furnace must have a sufficient thickness to constitute, after hardening, a non-deformable base. This thickness depends to some extent on the diameter of the blast furnace and the arrangement of the cooling means.
  • the thickness of the rammed earth layer after compaction will be of the order of 5 to 20 cm depending on the case. It will be necessary to make the upper surface relatively flat and horizontal in order to limit to a minimum the thickness of the layer of leveling grout which will be deposited on this adobe.
  • Different methods can be used to obtain good compaction of the rammed earth, making it possible to make excellent contact with the bottom sheet as well as possibly with the cooling pipes, and also to obtain an upper surface as close as possible to the plane of reference and having a minimum of flatness defects.
  • a base having an upper surface constituting an almost perfect horizontal plane by covering the adobe layer with a thin leveling layer with a fluid grout.
  • a fluid grout is very easily distributed by filling in small unevennesses and areas in depression and makes it possible to obtain a perfectly horizontal reference plane.
  • the thickness of this grout is limited to the minimum necessary. The average value of this thickness is generally between 1 and 5 mm.
  • This grout contains about 40 to 70% by weight of natural or artificial graphite powder, in the form of fines with a grain size of less than 0.3 mm.
  • thermosetting resin generally added with a solvent to increase its fluidity.
  • a suitable catalyst is incorporated into the grout, allowing setting at room temperature.
  • the process for installing the base which has been developed according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a base, the upper surface of which, after the grout has hardened, consists of a horizontal plane which has deviations from a point at all points. ideal medium plane generally less than a millimeter. This process will be described later.
  • the thermal conductivity of this base depends, to some extent, on the relative thickness of the adobe layer and the grout layer.
  • the thermal conductivity of the grout being lower than that of the rammed earth, it is very important to minimize the thickness of this grout and one of the essential advantages of the process of setting up the base, which is also the subject of l invention, is the possibility of reducing the average thickness of this grout to only a few millimeters.
  • the thermal conductivity of the base is then generally between 10 and 20 W - m- 1.
  • K- 1 depending on the nature of the graphite used, the composition of the rammed earth in% by weight and the degree of compaction.
  • This process consists in depositing above the bottom, at an average distance equal to the thickness of the rammed earth that it is proposed to make, horizontal rectilinear adjustment bars at a suitable distance from each other, so as to divide the surface to be coated in sectors.
  • the bars may be arranged in substantially equidistant parallel lines, or in a square network or in another suitable manner.
  • the height adjustment of these bars is carried out by making removable adjustable links between them and the bottom which will allow the vertical distances which separate them from this bottom to be adjusted, so that the upper surface of the assembly of these bars are in the same horizontal plane.
  • a simple method will consist in providing the bottom with fixing means well known to those skilled in the art, such as nuts with a vertical axis, welded to a bottom plate at determined locations, with which will be secured the ends of connecting means such as vertical threaded rods.
  • the upper ends of these connecting means will be connected to the horizontal bars so that they are adjustable in height.
  • the upper ends of the latter can be engaged in holes provided at the ends of the horizontal bars, the height of the latter being adjusted for example by means of nuts. well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the adobe layer is adjusted so as to reach the level of the adjustment bars at all points.
  • a new adjustment of the horizontal bars is carried out so as to bring them to the level of a second reference plane, offset upwards relative to the first, which will correspond to the final upper level of the base.
  • the distance between this second plane and the first will therefore correspond on average to the thickness of the leveling grout which will be deposited on the adobe.
  • the bars will be adjusted by adjusting their position along the adjustable connecting means. When these are threaded rods, this adjustment will be made by acting on the nuts which secure the bars to these rods.
  • relatively inexpensive medium precision bars will be used for the production of the first reference plane and, instead of using the same bars to produce the second reference plane, they are used. will replace with a second set of precision bars which will be adjusted with great care.
  • Such an adjustment can be made by means well known to those skilled in the art, such as water levels and / or optical leveling devices.
  • We then put in place the thin layer of leveling grout which, given its great fluidity, will be very easily leveled, so as to be flush with all the upper surface of the adjustment bars.
  • the adjustment bars and the connecting means will generally be dismantled and the voids thus created will be filled with small amounts of rammed earth and / or grout.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a part of a bottom plate of a blast furnace (1) on which are arranged steel cooling tubes such as (2) fixed from distance to distance to the sheet by collars such as (3 ), nuts (4) welded to the sheet serve as a fixing point for threaded rods (5).
  • Adjustment bars such as (6), pierced with holes, are crossed by the upper end of the rods (5) and the adjustment of these bars, according to the reference plane, is carried out by means of nuts such as (7 ) and (8) which enclose the bars. It is understood that by screwing more or less the nuts on the threaded rods, it is possible to adjust the level of the upper face (9) of the bars so as to make them coincide with the first horizontal reference plane which is at a mean distance about 12 cm from the bottom sheet. This adjustment is controlled by means of levels and by optical sighting in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. An adobe consisting of 87% by weight of artificial graphite and 10% by weight of phenol resin is then put in place.
  • This rammed earth is compacted in successive layers by means of a pneumatic jack with a flat sole of approximately 20 x 20 cm. This compaction is carried out so as to reach a density of approximately 1.7.
  • the thickness of the rammed earth is adjusted as described above so that its surface coincides as well as possible with the first reference plane defined by the upper surface of the adjustment bars.
  • the bars used for the definition of this first reference plane are dismantled and replaced by a second set of bars of the same dimensions, but more precise, their deflection not exceeding 0.1 mm / m. These bars are adjusted in height after insertion of their ends into the threaded rods so that their upper face coincides with a second horizontal reference plane located at an average distance of approximately 3 mm above the first. The same adjustment means are used for the second busbar as for the first.
  • a leveling grout is then poured onto the surface of the adobe.
  • This consists of 60% by weight of artificial graphite fines with a grain size less than 0.3 mm, 30% of a phenol-formaldehyde resin and 10% of a setting catalyst.
  • the grout is distributed in the spaces between the bars so that its level is flush with the upper edge of the bars. Then let this grout harden.
  • the adjustment bars and threaded rods are then removed, then the housing of these bars is filled with small amounts of grout so as to obtain a perfectly smooth surface. Any roughness is ground.
  • a base such as that shown in Figure 3, which includes a rammed earth (10) covered with a layer of grout (11) whose upper surface (12) is perfectly horizontal.
  • the mounting of the crucible bottom can be carried out with very high precision.
  • the quality of this surface allows, in particular, the installation of graphite or semi-graphite blocks, or carbon blocks machined with great precision and assembled with live joints without any binder so as to guarantee a very long service life. without significant deformation.
  • Such an assembly allows an excellent transmission of the heat flux in the axial zone of the blast furnace, in the direction of the bottom sheet, thanks to the good thermal contact existing between, on the one hand, this base and the bottom sheet and, on the other hand, this base and the blocks of graphite or other carbonaceous materials.
  • Thermal conductivity measurements carried out on samples of the base thus produced, gave an average conductivity of 18 W. m- ! ⁇ K-- 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Fundament für Hochofenschacht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es aus einer Schicht aus Stampfmasse (10) in direktem Kontakt mit dem Boden des Ofens (1) gebildet ist, welche Stampfmasse wenigstens 80 Gewichtsprozent Graphit und ein Bindemittel auf Kunstharzbasis enthält, und daß diese Stampfmasse mit einer dünnen Schicht aus Nivellierschlichte (11) bedeckt ist, die wenigstens 40 Gewichtsprozent Graphitfeinteilchen und ein in einem Lösungsmittel verdünntes Kunstharz enthält.
2. Fundament nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Stampfmassenschicht 5 bis 20 cm und die der Schlichteschicht im Mittel 1 bis 5 mm ist.
3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fundaments für Hochofenschacht, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden nacheinander ablaufenden Schritte:
a) man ordnet oberhalb des Bodens des Ofens in geeignetem Abstand eine Gruppe horizontaler Leisten (6) an, deren Oberkanten eine horizontale Bezugsebene (9) definieren,
b) man nimmt eine erste Regulierung der horizontalen Leisten (6) nach dieser ersten Bezugsebene (9) vor,
c) man bringt an Ort und Stelle und man kompaktiert zwischen dem Boden des Ofens und dieser ersten Bezugsebene (9) eine Stampfmasse (10) auf Graphitbasis, die man erhärten läßt,
d) man reguliert die Lage der horizontalen Leisten (6) nach einer zweiten horizontalen Bezugsebene, die in einem Abstand von wenigstens 1 mm über der ersten liegt,
e) man bedeckt die Stampfmasse (10) mit einer dünnen Schicht einer Nivellierschlichte (11) auf Höhe der zweiten Bezugsebene.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhenregulierung der horizontalen Leisten (6) durchgeführt wird, indem man mit dem Boden des Ofens Befestigungsmittel (4) in bestimmten Abständen fest verbindet, mit denen man das untere Ende von Verbindungsmitteln (5) verbindet, wobei das obere Ende dieser Verbindungsmittel mit den Enden dieser Leisten höhenregulierbar verbunden ist.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch ge kennzeichnet, daß man nach Anbringung der Stampfmasse (10) die zur Bestimmung der ersten Bezugsebene verwendeten horizontalen Leisten (6) durch Präzisionsleisten einer Durchbiegung unter oder gleich 0,1 mm/m zur Definition der zweiten Bezugsebene ersetzt.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die horizontalen Leisten (6) nach Verfestigung des Fundaments entfernt werden.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Boden des Ofens eine Bodenplatte (1) aufweist.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Boden des Ofens Mittel (2) zum Kühlen durch Umlauf eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Fluids aufweist.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlmittel oberhalb der Bodenplatte (1) angeordnete Rohre (2) sind.
EP19820420041 1981-04-01 1982-03-29 Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Expired EP0061981B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8106996 1981-04-01
FR8106996A FR2503186A1 (fr) 1981-04-01 1981-04-01 Nouveau soubassement en matiere carbonee pour fours de metallurgie et procede de realisation de ce soubassement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0061981A1 EP0061981A1 (de) 1982-10-06
EP0061981B1 true EP0061981B1 (de) 1984-10-31

Family

ID=9257127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820420041 Expired EP0061981B1 (de) 1981-04-01 1982-03-29 Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0061981B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS582267A (de)
AU (1) AU545543B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3261102D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2503186A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100447095B1 (ko) * 2000-04-14 2004-09-08 신닛뽄세이테쯔 카부시키카이샤 고로 노바닥 측벽부 연와의 냉각 장치
GB2377008A (en) * 2001-06-27 2002-12-31 Fairmont Electronics Company L Blast furnace cooling panel.
JP4351290B2 (ja) * 2007-10-26 2009-10-28 新日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 高炉の炉底構造

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE408802C (de) * 1923-10-06 1925-01-26 Adolf Junius Dr Verfahren zur Herstellung des Bodens, Gestells und der Rast von Schachtoefen
ZA755438B (en) * 1974-09-02 1977-04-27 G Moore An improvement in or relating to the laying of tiled metallurgical furnace floors
GB1520896A (en) * 1975-08-22 1978-08-09 Marshall & Co Loxley Ltd Thoma Laying of floors of tiles blocks slabs and the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2503186B1 (de) 1983-05-13
DE3261102D1 (en) 1984-12-06
FR2503186A1 (fr) 1982-10-08
JPS6362473B2 (de) 1988-12-02
JPS582267A (ja) 1983-01-07
AU545543B2 (en) 1985-07-18
EP0061981A1 (de) 1982-10-06
AU8217682A (en) 1982-10-07

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