EP0061981A1 - Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung - Google Patents

Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061981A1
EP0061981A1 EP82420041A EP82420041A EP0061981A1 EP 0061981 A1 EP0061981 A1 EP 0061981A1 EP 82420041 A EP82420041 A EP 82420041A EP 82420041 A EP82420041 A EP 82420041A EP 0061981 A1 EP0061981 A1 EP 0061981A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bars
reference plane
base
adobe
grout
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82420041A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0061981B1 (de
Inventor
Serge Lacroix
Daniel Dumas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
Original Assignee
Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA filed Critical Societe des Electrodes et Refractaires Savoie SA
Publication of EP0061981A1 publication Critical patent/EP0061981A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0061981B1 publication Critical patent/EP0061981B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/20—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring
    • E04F21/22—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring of single elements, e.g. flooring cramps ; flexible webs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
    • C21B7/106—Cooling of the furnace bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/14—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/12—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs incorporating cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/12—Shells or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B1/14—Arrangements of linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/10—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B1/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes

Definitions

  • the new base which is the subject of the invention, relates to ovens used in metallurgy and, more particularly, those which include a crucible in which a metal or liquid alloy brought together at high temperature is collected.
  • blast furnaces and electrometallurgy ovens relate more particularly to blast furnaces and electrometallurgy ovens and, especially, those which have below the lining of the crucible, a cooled bottom, the temperature level of which is controlled by circulation of a fluid such as water, oil or any other fluid.
  • metallurgical furnaces which include a crucible, the refractory lining of which is made, at least in part, of graphite and / or carbon blocks assembled with a sharp joint.
  • the base on which the refractory lining of the crucible will be mounted has good flatness and good mechanical strength over time. This is all the more necessary since we now know how to machine the flat faces of carbonaceous blocks with an accuracy of + 0.2 mm.
  • This cooling is particularly important in the areas adjacent to the axis of the furnace.
  • the base must therefore allow good flow of the heat flow, between the graphite and / or carbon blocks constituting the lining, and the cooling means.
  • the first type is a refractory concrete constituted by aggregates based on oxides, such as, for example, silicoaluminous refractories bound by a cement.
  • Such concretes are relatively easy to set up and harden by hydraulic setting.
  • a second type of base consists of a pavement of refractory tiles a few centimeters thick, placed, for example, on a bed of cement.
  • Patent FR 2 104 389 describes a method for precisely adjusting such tiles so that their upper surface is in the same plane.
  • reference tiles are placed at well-defined intervals on a bed of cement or mortar which has previously been laid on the bottom sheet. We adjust the level of these tiles by pushing them more or less into the mor tier so that their surface merges with a reference plane which is controlled by optical means well known to those skilled in the art. From these reference points, the adjustment of the intermediate tiles can be carried out simply by checking, by means of a flat ruler, that their upper face is in the reference plane.
  • Such a method makes it possible to produce a base having a reference plane which can be of great precision if the surface quality of the tiles is satisfactory and if the laying has been carried out with sufficient care.
  • the paving can be carried out by means of tiles of carbonaceous material and, in particular, of graphite.
  • the base which is the subject of the invention consists of a layer of rammed earth in direct contact with the cooled bottom, containing at least 80% by weight of graphite and a binder based on synthetic resin, and a thin layer of a leveling grout which covers the rammed earth and contains at least 40% of graphite fines and a binder based on synthetic resin.
  • the invention also relates to the method of setting up this base.
  • the adobe based on graphite contains either natural graphite such as Ceylon or Madagascar graphite, or artificial graphite, or a mixture of these two qualities of graphite.
  • a resin such as, for example, a thermosetting resin with a content of about 8 to 15% by weight is used.
  • a catalyst is added which allows the adobe to set at room temperature.
  • the layer of rammed earth which is deposited in the bottom of the blast furnace must have a sufficient thickness to constitute, after hardening, a non-deformable base. This thickness depends to some extent on the diameter of the blast furnace and the arrangement of the cooling means.
  • the thickness of the rammed earth layer after compaction will be of the order of 5 to 20 cm depending on the case. It will be necessary to make the upper surface relatively flat and horizontal in order to minimize the thickness of the layer of leveling grout that will be deposited on this adobe.
  • Different methods can be used to obtain a good compaction of the rammed earth, making it possible to make excellent contact with the bottom sheet as well as possibly with the cooling pipes, and also to obtain an upper surface as close as possible to the plane of reference and having a minimum of flatness defects.
  • a base having an upper surface constituting an almost perfect horizontal plane by covering the adobe layer with a thin leveling layer with a fluid grout.
  • a fluid grout is very easily distributed by filling in small unevennesses and areas in depression and makes it possible to obtain a perfectly horizontal reference plane.
  • the thickness of this grout is limited to the minimum-necessary. The average value of this thickness is generally between 1 and 5 mm.
  • This grout contains about 40 to 70% by weight of natural or artificial graphite powder, in the form of fines with a grain size of less than 0.3 mm.
  • thermosetting resin generally added with a solvent to increase its fluidity.
  • a suitable catalyst is incorporated into the grout, allowing setting at room temperature.
  • the process for installing the base which has been developed according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a base whose upper surface, after hardening of the grout, consists of a horizontal plane which has deviations from all points in all respects. an ideal average plane generally less than a millimeter. This process will be described later.
  • the thermal conductivity of this base depends, to some extent, on the relative thickness of the adobe layer and the grout layer.
  • the thermal conductivity of the grout being lower than that of the rammed earth, it is very important to minimize the thickness of this grout and one of the essential advantages of the process of setting up the base, which is also the subject of l he invention is the possibility of reducing the average thickness of this grout to only a few millimeters.
  • the thermal conductivity of the base is then generally between 10 and 20 Wm 1. K depending on the nature of the graphite used, the composition of the rammed earth in% by weight and the degree of compaction.
  • This process consists in depositing above the bottom, at an average distance equal to the thickness of the rammed earth that it is proposed to make, horizontal rectilinear adjustment bars at a suitable distance from each other, so as to divide the surface to be coated in sectors.
  • the bars may be arranged in substantially equidistant parallel lines, or in a square network or in another suitable manner.
  • the height of these bars is adjusted by making removable adjustable links between them and the bottom which will allow the vertical distances between them to be adjusted. from this bottom, so that the upper surface of all of these bars is in the same horizontal plane.
  • a simple method will consist in providing the bottom with fixing means well known to those skilled in the art, such as nuts with a vertical axis, welded to a bottom plate at determined locations, with which will be secured the ends of connecting means such as vertical threaded rods.
  • the upper ends of these connecting means will be connected to the horizontal bars so that they are adjustable in height.
  • the upper ends of the latter can be engaged in holes provided at the ends of the horizontal bars, the height of the latter being adjusted for example by means of nuts. well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the adobe layer is adjusted so as to reach the level of the adjustment bars at all points.
  • Horizontal movable rules can be used in known manner, which are moved by sliding their ends over the adjustment bars, so as to adjust the level of the rammed earth between these bars.
  • a new adjustment of the horizontal bars is carried out so as to bring them to the level of a second reference plane, offset upwards relative to the first, which will correspond to the final upper level of the base.
  • the distance between this second plane and the first will therefore correspond on average to the thickness of the leveling grout which will be deposited on the adobe.
  • the bars will be adjusted by adjusting their position along the adjustable connecting means: When these are threaded rods, this adjustment will be made by acting on the nuts which secure the bars to these rods.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show part of a high bottom plate furnace (1) on which are placed steel cooling tubes such as (2) fixed from distance to distance to the sheet by collars such as (3), nuts (4) welded to the sheet serve as fixing point to threaded rods (5).
  • Adjustment bars such as (6), pierced with holes, pass through the upper end of the rods (5) and the adjustment of these bars, according to the reference plane, is carried out by means of nuts such as (7 ) and (8) which enclose the bars. It is understood that by screwing more or less the nuts on the threaded rods, it is possible to adjust the level of the upper face (9) of the bars so as to make them coincide with the first horizontal reference plane which is at a mean distance about 12 cm from the bottom plate. This adjustment is controlled by means of levels and by optical sighting in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
  • an adobe consisting of 87% by weight of artificial graphite, -10% by weight of phenol formaldehyde resin and 3% of a setting catalyst is put in place.
  • This rammed earth is compacted in successive layers by means of a pneumatic jack with a flat sole of approximately 20 x 20 cm. This compacting is carried out so as to reach a density of approximately 1.7.
  • the thickness of the rammed earth is adjusted in the manner described above so that its surface coincides as well as possible with the first reference plane defined by the upper surface of the adjustment bars.
  • the bars used for the definition of this first reference plane are dismantled and replaced by a second set of bars of the same dimensions, but more precise, their deflection not exceeding 0.1 mm / m .
  • These bars are adjusted in height after introduction of their ends into the threaded rods so that their upper face coincides with a second horizontal reference plane located at an average distance of approximately 3 mm above the first.
  • the same adjustment means are used for the second busbar as for the first.
  • a leveling grout is then poured onto the surface of the adobe.
  • This consists of 60% by weight of artificial graphite fines with a grain size of less than 0.3 mm, 30% of a phenol-formaldehyde resin and 10% of a setting catalyst.
  • the grout is distributed in the spaces between the bars so that its level is flush with the upper edge of the bars. Then let this grout harden.
  • the adjustment bars and threaded rods are then removed, then the housing of these bars is filled with small amounts of grout so as to obtain a perfectly smooth surface. Any roughness is ground.
  • a base such as that shown in Figure 3, which includes a rammed earth (10) covered with a layer of grout (11) whose upper surface (12) is perfectly horizontal.
  • the mounting of the crucible bottom can be carried out with very high precision.
  • the quality of this surface allows, in particular, the installation of graphite or semi-graphite blocks, or carbon blocks machined with great precision and assembled with live joints without any binder so as to guarantee a very long service life. without significant deformation.
  • Such an assembly allows an excellent transmission of the heat flux in the axial zone of the blast furnace, in the direction of the bottom sheet, thanks to the good thermal contact existing between, on the one hand, this base and the bottom sheet and, on the other hand, this base and the blocks of graphite or other carbonaceous materials.
  • Thermal conductivity measurements, carried out on samples of the base thus produced gave an average conductivity of 18 Wm-l. K -1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
EP19820420041 1981-04-01 1982-03-29 Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Expired EP0061981B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8106996 1981-04-01
FR8106996A FR2503186A1 (fr) 1981-04-01 1981-04-01 Nouveau soubassement en matiere carbonee pour fours de metallurgie et procede de realisation de ce soubassement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0061981A1 true EP0061981A1 (de) 1982-10-06
EP0061981B1 EP0061981B1 (de) 1984-10-31

Family

ID=9257127

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19820420041 Expired EP0061981B1 (de) 1981-04-01 1982-03-29 Fundament aus Kohlenstoff für metallurgische Öfen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0061981B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS582267A (de)
AU (1) AU545543B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3261102D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2503186A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003002769A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-09 Fairmont Electronics Company L A cooling panel for a furnace

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR0105942A (pt) * 2000-04-14 2002-03-26 Nippon Steel Corp Aparelho de resfriamento para tijolos na parede lateral do fundo de um alto-forno
JP4351290B2 (ja) * 2007-10-26 2009-10-28 新日鉄エンジニアリング株式会社 高炉の炉底構造

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE408802C (de) * 1923-10-06 1925-01-26 Adolf Junius Dr Verfahren zur Herstellung des Bodens, Gestells und der Rast von Schachtoefen
FR2283407A1 (fr) * 1974-09-02 1976-03-26 Marshall Cy Loxley Ltd Thomas Procede de pose de soles carrelees de fours metallurgiques
FR2321577A1 (fr) * 1975-08-22 1977-03-18 Marshall & Loxley Co Ltd T Perfectionnements a la pose de revetements de sol en carreaux, blocs, dalles, etc

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE408802C (de) * 1923-10-06 1925-01-26 Adolf Junius Dr Verfahren zur Herstellung des Bodens, Gestells und der Rast von Schachtoefen
FR2283407A1 (fr) * 1974-09-02 1976-03-26 Marshall Cy Loxley Ltd Thomas Procede de pose de soles carrelees de fours metallurgiques
FR2321577A1 (fr) * 1975-08-22 1977-03-18 Marshall & Loxley Co Ltd T Perfectionnements a la pose de revetements de sol en carreaux, blocs, dalles, etc

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003002769A1 (en) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-09 Fairmont Electronics Company L A cooling panel for a furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2503186A1 (fr) 1982-10-08
EP0061981B1 (de) 1984-10-31
AU8217682A (en) 1982-10-07
DE3261102D1 (en) 1984-12-06
FR2503186B1 (de) 1983-05-13
JPS6362473B2 (de) 1988-12-02
AU545543B2 (en) 1985-07-18
JPS582267A (ja) 1983-01-07

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