EP0061945B1 - Gleitstuhl und dessen Benutzung in einem Eisenbahnweichensystem - Google Patents

Gleitstuhl und dessen Benutzung in einem Eisenbahnweichensystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061945B1
EP0061945B1 EP82400339A EP82400339A EP0061945B1 EP 0061945 B1 EP0061945 B1 EP 0061945B1 EP 82400339 A EP82400339 A EP 82400339A EP 82400339 A EP82400339 A EP 82400339A EP 0061945 B1 EP0061945 B1 EP 0061945B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tongue
slide plate
needle
counter
ceramic material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82400339A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0061945A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Meneret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SNCF Mobilites
Calderys France SAS
Original Assignee
SNCF Mobilites
Lafarge Refractaires SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNCF Mobilites, Lafarge Refractaires SA filed Critical SNCF Mobilites
Priority to AT82400339T priority Critical patent/ATE9497T1/de
Publication of EP0061945A1 publication Critical patent/EP0061945A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0061945B1 publication Critical patent/EP0061945B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/02—Tongues; Associated constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2202/00—Characteristics of moving parts of rail systems, e.g. switches, special frogs, tongues
    • E01B2202/02—Nature of the movement
    • E01B2202/021—Turning or tilting or elastically bending
    • E01B2202/024—Turning or tilting or elastically bending about vertical axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2202/00—Characteristics of moving parts of rail systems, e.g. switches, special frogs, tongues
    • E01B2202/04—Nature of the support or bearing
    • E01B2202/042—Sliding
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2202/00—Characteristics of moving parts of rail systems, e.g. switches, special frogs, tongues
    • E01B2202/04—Nature of the support or bearing
    • E01B2202/06—Use of friction-reducing surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sliding pad, usable in railroad switching systems.
  • Railroad switch systems generally include a straight counter needle associated with a curved needle and a straight needle associated with a curved counter needle, which can be positioned between them in two different ways to ensure or not the connection with a track of deviation.
  • the needles are made of parts planed in rails of special profiles which are supported by sliding bearings and generally made of cast iron fixed on the support sleepers of the railway.
  • the upper surface of the bearings is lubricated with suitable greases.
  • the pads currently used have the disadvantage of not having a sufficient slip coefficient and it is therefore necessary to cover them with a film of lubricating grease.
  • This requires regular lubrication work which is a source of expenditure, not only for those who carry out the lubrication operation which is to be renewed at least every 15 days, but also for those who are responsible for security.
  • this lubrication work on the track involves the risk of accidents for the personnel assigned to maintenance, in particular on the railways where many trains run.
  • the film of lubricating grease present on the surface of the bearing can retain the dust which comes from the track, and when dust as hard as sand accumulates in the film of lubricating grease, this leads to a deterioration of the system. referral.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a sliding bearing usable in particular in a railroad switching system, which avoids the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the sliding pad according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a sliding surface made of ceramic material.
  • this pad comprises a support provided with a recess and a piece of ceramic material fixed by gluing in said recess so as to constitute said sliding surface.
  • this pad comprises a support provided with a recess and a plurality of pieces of ceramic material fixed by gluing in said recess so as to constitute said sliding surface.
  • the pieces of ceramic material have rounded edges to facilitate sliding at the junction between two pieces.
  • the ceramic material is very important to fix the pieces of ceramic material by bonding to the support because this allows them to work in compression and to resist the loads which circulate on the switch.
  • ceramic materials are more resistant to compression than to bending and under the conditions of use of the bearing, the ceramic parts are stressed by these two constraints.
  • the adhesive joint provided between the piece of ceramic material and the support, the loads are distributed over the entire surface and the ceramic can work in compression.
  • this glue joint is protected against weathering and irradiation by the ceramic part and therefore it does not degrade like plastic pads.
  • the adhesives used are generally based on epoxy resins, but it is also possible to use adhesives based on polyimides which are resistant to heat.
  • Epoxy adhesives filled with mineral powders such as alumina or silica sand can be used in particular.
  • mineral powders such as alumina or silica sand
  • the adhesive referenced 2850 GT sold by Emerson and Cuming which has a compressive strength of 70 to 130 MPa and a shear strength of 20 to 40 MPa.
  • the ceramic material used must have a low coefficient of sliding compared to steel and a hardness significantly higher than that of steel or cast iron so as not to allow the inclusion of materials such than sand or crushed stone which would deteriorate the sliding surface of the bearing by damaging its polish.
  • the ceramic material must withstand the atmospheric corrosion and momentary compression due to the pressing of each axle and corresponding to daily loads which may exceed 40,000 tonnes, for a long period of use, for example of the order of 10 years.
  • Examples of materials which can be used include sintered oxides such as alumina, zirconium oxide and rare earth oxides, nitrides such as boron nitride and silicon nitride , and carbides such as silicon carbide and boron carbide.
  • high hardness alumina is used which resists compression well.
  • the bearings must withstand very high pressures which can go up to 150 bars in the thinned zone of the needles when the latter are loaded at 10 tonnes per wheel.
  • the ceramics which can be used the characteristics of which are given in the attached table, alumina 99.7% of A1 2 0 3 is preferred. Indeed, we prefer to use the least porous ceramics to avoid fouling and "breathing" of the adhesive joint, which causes its aging, and to have a good coefficient of friction.
  • the ceramic with the best compression performance and the best flexural strength is chosen.
  • the invention also relates to a railroad switching system comprising a straight counter-needle associated with a curved needle, a curved counter-needle associated with a straight needle, a first series of sliding bearings for supporting the counter- straight needle and curved needle and a second series of sliding bearings for supporting the straight needle and curved counter-needle, characterized in that the sliding surfaces of the bearings of the first and second series are made of material ceramic, said surfaces having dimensions such that the needles are always supported on said surfaces during the operation of the switch.
  • each bearing of the first or of the second series comprises a metal support on which is fixed the straight counter-needle or the curved counter-needle, said support being provided with a recess in which are fixed by gluing a plurality of parts made of ceramic material arranged so as to form the sliding surface of said pad.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a railway and the switch system A associated therewith.
  • the railroad consists of two rails 1 and 3 which are fixed on sleepers 5 by means of fastening devices provided with lag screws 7.
  • the switch system A which follows comprises a counter -right needle 11, a curved needle 13, a curved counter-needle 15 and a straight needle 17.
  • the right and curved counter-needles are fixed respectively on a first series and a second series of bearings sliding 19, themselves fixed by lag screws on the sleepers 5 of the railway.
  • the needles 13 and 17 are supported respectively by the first and the second series of sliding bearings 19, and they can be moved between a first position in which the needle 13 is in contact with the counter-needle 11 while the needle 17 is moved away from the counter-needle 15, at a second position in which the straight needle 17 is in contact with the curved counter-needle 15 while the needle 13 is moved away from the right counter-needle 11.
  • This displacement is obtained at by means of an operating device possibly comprising a motor 21 which actuates the operating rod 23 associated with the spacing rod 25.
  • each pair of rails which constitutes the main track I and the deviation I1 is again fixed to the crosspieces 5 by lag screw devices 7.
  • each sliding pad 19 supports a counter needle and the needle associated with it, for example the right counter needle 11 and the curved needle 13.
  • the counter needle 11 is rendered secured to the sliding pad by a suitable device such as 31, while the needle 13 can move on the pad 19 between two extreme positions.
  • the needle 11 comprises, like the rail 1, an upper part called the mushroom 11 a which supports the contact of the wheel, a thinned middle part 11 b which constitutes the core, and an enlarged lower part 11c which constitutes the pad used for the fixing the rail on the crosspieces.
  • the needle comprises an upper part 13a whose thickness increases progressively and regularly from its point of contact with the counter-needle which is associated with it, a middle part 13b and a lower part in the form of a shoe 13c.
  • the sliding pads 19 were made of steel and provided with films of lubricating grease on their surface to promote the sliding of needles such as 13 on the pads 19.
  • the film of lubricant could retain dust, in particular sand, after a certain period of operation a deterioration of the upper surface of the pad and / or of the sole of the needle was obtained, which could lead to seizure and immobilization of the referral system.
  • each sliding pad 19 comprises a sliding surface 20 made of ceramic material, for example of high hardness alumina.
  • it is preferred to avoid a modification of the movable part of the switch because the realization of recess to insert the ceramic poses certain problems to preserve the profile and the mechanical properties of the moving parts of the switch rails. Indeed, the machining operations risk leading to weakening of the needles by notch phenomena with propagation of cracks.
  • the sliding bearing 19 shown in Figure 2 can be obtained as follows.
  • a recess is formed at the top of a pad 19 made of steel, and then there are plastic threads, for example nylon threads, at the bottom of the recess.
  • a piece of ceramic material for example of sintered alumina having a shape which corresponds substantially to that of the recess, is prepared separately, then a certain quantity of glue is introduced, constituted for example by an epoxy resin at the center of the recess, and the ceramic part is placed in the recess by compressing it to ensure its bonding by means of the epoxy resin.
  • nylon threads are intended to promote the spreading of the adhesive over the entire surface of the recess, which thus ensures good bonding of the ceramic part and to obtain an adhesive joint on the entire lower surface of the ceramic part.
  • the nylon threads are generally 5/10 mm thick.
  • this also includes a support 19a of a suitable shape for fixing the counter-needle, and this support 19a is provided with a recess in which are fixed two ceramic plates 20a and 20b arranged in such a way that the junction between the plates extends in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the needle between its two extreme positions. In this way it avoids the problems of sliding of the needle, which could arise at the junction between two plates.
  • the ceramic plates can be arranged differently, for example with junctions between plates extending in directions perpendicular to the direction of movement of the needle.
  • plates 20a, 20b ... whose edges are rounded at the junction between successive plates in order to avoid the problems of sliding which could arise due to a difference. thick between two consecutive pads.
  • the pads include several ceramic pads, they can be made in the same way as the pads with a single pad by assembling the pads in the recess provided with plastic wires and glue, and then compressing the assembly to that the sliding surface makes a single plane.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Slide Switches (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Gleitstuhl (19), benutzbar in einem Eisenbahnweichensystem, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine Gleitoberfläche (20) umfaßt, die aus keramischem Material verwirklicht ist.
2. Stuhl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen mit einer Ausnehmung versehenen Träger (19a) und ein Teil (20) aus keramischem Material umfaßt, das derart in die Ausnehmung eingeklebt ist, daß sich die Gleitoberfläche ausbildet.
3. Stuhl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen mit einer Ausnehmung versehenen Träger (19a) und mehrere Teile (20a, 20b) aus keramischem Material umfaßt, die derart in die Ausnehmung eingeklebt sind, daß sich die Gleitoberfläche ausbildet.
4. Stuhl nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teile abgerundete Ränder zum Niveau ihrer Verbindung mit den angrenzenden Teilen haben.
5. Stuhl nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das keramische Material ein Oxid, ein Karbid oder ein Nitrid ist.
6. Stuhl nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das keramische Material aus Aluminiumoxid ist.
7. Eisenbahnweichensystem mit einer geraden Gegenweiche (11), welche zu einer gekrümmten Weiche (13) gehört, einer gekrümmten Gegenweiche (15), welche zu einer geraden Weiche (17) gehört, einer ersten Reihe von Gleitstühlen (19) zum Tragen der geraden Gegenweiche (11) und der gekrümmten Weiche (13) und einer zweiten Reihe von Gleitstühlen (19) zum Tragen der geraden Weiche (17) und der gekrümmten Gegenweiche (15), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gleitoberflächen (20) der Stühle der ersten und der zweiten Reihe aus keramischem Material verwirklicht sind, wobei die Oberflächen derartige Abmessungen haben, daß die Weichen (13 oder 17) zur Zeit des Betriebes der Weiche immer auf den Oberflächen (20) aufliegen.
8. Weichensystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Stuhl (19) der ersten oder der zweiten Reihe einen metallischen Träger (19a) umfaßt, auf dem die gerade Gegenweiche (11) oder die gekrümmte Gegenweiche (15) befestigt ist, wobei der Träger mit Ausnehmungen versehen ist, in denen mehrere Teile (20a, 20b) aus keramischem Material derart angeordnet sind, daß sie die Gleitoberfläche des Stuhles bilden.
EP82400339A 1981-03-03 1982-02-26 Gleitstuhl und dessen Benutzung in einem Eisenbahnweichensystem Expired EP0061945B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82400339T ATE9497T1 (de) 1981-03-03 1982-02-26 Gleitstuhl und dessen benutzung in einem eisenbahnweichensystem.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8104234 1981-03-03
FR8104234A FR2501253A1 (fr) 1981-03-03 1981-03-03 Coussinet de glissement et son utilisation dans un systeme d'aiguillage de voies ferrees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0061945A1 EP0061945A1 (de) 1982-10-06
EP0061945B1 true EP0061945B1 (de) 1984-09-19

Family

ID=9255822

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82400339A Expired EP0061945B1 (de) 1981-03-03 1982-02-26 Gleitstuhl und dessen Benutzung in einem Eisenbahnweichensystem

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0061945B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5813801A (de)
AT (1) ATE9497T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3260759D1 (de)
ES (1) ES510059A0 (de)
FR (1) FR2501253A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3709126A1 (de) * 1987-03-23 1988-10-13 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Miteinander wechselwirkende gleisteile

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0421841Y2 (de) * 1987-01-22 1992-05-19
AT392497B (de) * 1989-06-02 1991-04-10 Voest Alpine Maschinenbau Gleitstuhl, gleitplatte bzw. rippenplatte fuer schienenweichen oder -kreuzungen
FR2979925B1 (fr) * 2011-09-08 2014-06-13 Vossloh Cogifer Dispositif de manœuvre ferroviaire sans graissage

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2340403A1 (fr) * 1976-02-09 1977-09-02 Faigle Heinz Appareil de voie pour vehicules ferroviaires
DE2631594C2 (de) * 1976-07-14 1978-09-28 Wilfried 7031 Nufringen Ensinger Kunststoffgleitbelag für Schienenweichen
DE2656986A1 (de) * 1976-12-16 1978-06-29 Schwihag Gmbh Anordnung zur verminderung der reibung und/oder abnuetzung zwischen den zueinander relativ beweglichen teilen in weichen und kreuzungen von gleisanlagen
FR2398841A1 (fr) * 1977-07-27 1979-02-23 Stecma Coussinet pour lame d'aiguille des appareils de voie

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3709126A1 (de) * 1987-03-23 1988-10-13 Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Miteinander wechselwirkende gleisteile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8303582A1 (es) 1983-02-01
FR2501253A1 (fr) 1982-09-10
FR2501253B1 (de) 1983-09-16
ES510059A0 (es) 1983-02-01
DE3260759D1 (en) 1984-10-25
JPS5813801A (ja) 1983-01-26
ATE9497T1 (de) 1984-10-15
EP0061945A1 (de) 1982-10-06

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