EP0060230B1 - Supporting structure of a conglomerate or reinforced concrete, in particular anti-earthquake, for planar as well as vaulted or arc-shaped constructions, produced of modular elements - Google Patents

Abstract

Modular building elements which form when assembled a network of conglomerate or reinforced concrete as a bearing structure which is also anti-seismic. The modular elements are to be used for constructing flat or flat and/or vaulted brickwork, with or without air spaces. Each type of element is completed by a polyvalent modular element to be used as a single accessory for any corner, meeting point, cross wall attachment, etc. All the modular elements are equipped with groove devices suited to their particular characteristics to ensure that the assembled structure seals in conglomerate in each point, uninterrupted throughout the entire brickwork. The conglomerate network formed by the combination of all the molding characteristic of the modules is made up of vertical and horizontal seams designed to replace the pillars and beams of a reinforced concrete framework. This is anchored to the modular elements, at the same time attaching them to one another. The resulting structure allows construction of a building requiring no framework of reinforced concrete pillars and beams. When resistant modular elements are used, they contribute to the bearing function of the structure. When non-resistant modular elements are used, the network alone assumes the bearing function (FIG. 7).

Description

The invention relates to a load-bearing conglomerate structure, in particular anti-seismic, for flat constructions as well as for arches, or arches, obtained by means of modular elements, such as to support any stress without the intervention of said elements.

In the territories struck by earthquakes it is essential to proceed with great speed to the reconstruction; it is therefore necessary to have means suitable for this purpose, while ensuring at the same time the construction a suitable resistance.

We know how the Law gives precise indications for constructions in these territories; these indications relate in particular to the reinforced concrete frame. The walls are however raised between pillars without an effective connection of the elements which compose them, nor of the walls themselves, with the pillars and the adjacent beams.

Considerable advantages would be obtained in the construction of walls with an iron frame and conglomerate, if the structure of the bearing wall would include a reinforcement sensitive to the structure of the pillars and beams of reinforced concrete. In this case, this frame should be a real conglomerate network, or reinforced concrete, and, in particular, that the uprights and crossbeams should be reciprocally correlated in size with respect to a specific construction. The network would also have to be continuous and compact, which would suppose that the modular elements were provided with means for sealing the conglomerate as well as with means which would promote the creep of the mortar in all the points of the network. Once again, the characteristics of a modular element should be established for the creation of a network. suitable, provide accessory modular elements with the same characteristics in order to allow the attachment of transverse walls, or partition walls, or of fence elements on the right or on the left, or even better, of elements which, while being provided with the same characteristics, would allow construction to continue in any direction, for example by making a modification, to a modular element provided for this case, at the same place of construction, such as opening in this passage element according to the requirements which would arise.

A network which has all the characteristics indicated would represent, in the opinion of the Applicants, a considerable contribution to the solution of the problem. In this case, this network should be such as to support in itself any stress on the wall, without the contribution of modular elements, the function of which would remain that of insulating and closing elements. In this case, the very modular elements could be made with any material whatsoever, such as clay, concrete, conglomerate and similia, but also in pressed wood and, above all, in synthetic resins, such as polystyrene.

The need to interrupt a work with flat surfaces with a vault or arch construction arises very often, especially in small countries; difficulties are encountered in these cases because of the time required for construction, because of the skilled labor, as well as of the construction elements.

The network, whose supposed characteristics were described earlier, would be even more suitable if the possibility were given to proceed with its construction, either in the case of a structure with flat surfaces, or in the case of an arch, or an arc, using the same modular elements that are used for works with flat surfaces. Given the assumed characteristics, also the arch and arch constructions could be made in the same way and with lighter materials, cheaper and easier to transport and handle.

With regard to the possibility of making a structure with flat surfaces (not in vault, or in arc) with modular elements which include a conglomerate network, or in reinforced concrete, the state of the art offers innumerable proposals which use modular elements for construction, such that they can be stacked and placed side by side without using mortar, with the aim of making construction easier, cheaper and faster; or else these proposals relate-such to conglomerate blocks, or concrete with vertical and transverse channels for the introduction of the conglomerate after assembly, with or without an iron frame in the horizontal and vertical direction; or even, these proposals refer to modular elements for the building provided with horizontal and vertical interlockings for an assembly without the use of mortar. In several cases, ventilation channels are also provided to form air mattresses, or else to pass water or electrical pipes. Elements have also been provided for connecting the walls to the corners of the construction.

In patent US 952 080 (Mclntyre) blocks for building are provided, which have an oblong shape, with head affecting the shape of an L, provided with vertical holes for passing the conglomerate, these blocks having to be arranged in a position opposite and being superimposable by interlocking using a longitudinal groove and a rib affecting the shape of a V. The configuration of the block that has been described in this patent aims to obtain a transverse and vertical network. The goal can be achieved, however, only with elements made of conglomerate or concrete, or clay, since the conglomerate network obtained is not dimensionally correlated in both directions, vertical and horizontal; that is, the block elements must contribute with their own resistance. What missing, it is therefore a balance between the uprights and the sleepers of the network, as well as its continuous and uninterrupted perimeter continuity. The blocks superimposed and placed side by side do not seal the conglomerate along the entire peripheral surface of the wall; the conglomerate can therefore come out at the expense of the internal pressure and the cleanliness of the modular elements. No means are provided, which promotes creep and optimal distribution of the mortar.

US Patent 1,084,098 (Mclntyre) provides only concrete blocks, the interior openings of which are particularly intended to form a heat-insulating passage for an air mattress. Even if the mortar is introduced, no network is provided which presents a balance in dimensions between the sleepers and the studs.

The same can be said of US Patent 3,968,615 (IVANY). There has been described a concrete block provided with vertical and horizontal channels for the introduction of the conglomerate and the placement of a frame. Elements are formed constituting robust uprights, these uprights however not being supported by cross members of dimension proportional to them; we do not recognize a continuous and uninterrupted network along the entire peripheral circuit of the wall. There are no means which favor the creep of the mortar under pressure. Even in this case, one can only make use of modular concrete elements; the circuit was not sealed along the entire structure.

Patents US 2186 712 (STAMM) and 2 736 188 (WILHELM) relate to blocks for which no introduction of mortar is planned after their assembly.

US Patent 4,075,808 (PEARL) relates to a construction system with blocks to be fitted together to form a network. The blocks are not present. not attempt characteristics such as to ensure a correlation in size between the uprights and the crosspieces; the latter seem to have a completely negligible dimension compared to the former. No suitable correlation nor any precaution at the moment of the introduction of the mortar being planned, namely an introduction under pressure or else in the presence of a retarder, it does not seem that the structure can, in itself, be sufficient to support any stress on the wall without the contribution of the modular elements. The latter must therefore necessarily be made of clay, or conglomerate, or similar material. The PEARL system does not seem to provide, moreover, for additional modular elements such as for hanging transverse walls, or partition walls, or even half-dimensional elements, or else elements to be modified on site (to membrane) to create passages in relation to the requirements that arise. All these characteristics not being foreseen, it cannot be said that the PEARL system could provide a structure independent of the modular elements in relation to the stresses on the work.

German patent DE-PS 677 922 (JOHNER) relates to hollow blocks placed side by side so as to form ventilation passages with air mattresses between the junction surfaces; German patent DE-PS 841339 (SPRING) relates to elements for building affecting the shape of an H, which must be used as permanent formwork; German patent DE-PS 816 452 (TEUBNER) relates to elements for building with interlockings in order to make the superposition and the positioning side by side of the blocks faster. It does not appear that these patents can indicate a bearing structure as described at the beginning of this description.

French Patent 465 102 (WAGON) moreover relates to various blocks, full or hollow, made of any material whatsoever and which "by their conformations and their arrangements, tend to achieve in their implementation voids and hollows necessary for the location and construction of a reinforced concrete frame, or of any other kind, composed of uprights and crosspieces to which they serve as formwork and permanent filling in the making of the walls of OJ buildings. Several of these tasks are the same as the Applicants are pursuing, including that of obtaining view faces which carry a decoration and which, in any case, do not need plastering. It must be said straight away that WAGON specifies, with reference to its figure 4, that "the horizontal holes a and the vertical holes b serve to provide ventilation and the air mattress inside the walls • , while «the vertical holes c and the vertical and horizontal grooves d are arranged to receive the rebar with their ligatures joining them together as well as the concrete of the framework, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 •. The work does not appear waterproof to the mortar; it only penetrates into the holes c and into the grooves d, but cannot penetrate under pressure. The framework network is only coated with mortar, but does not appear to be a real structure, since the only openings which have a certain amplitude (b) are provided for air mattresses. Furthermore, no means is indicated which promotes creep and adhesion of the mortar. Finally, since a real bearing structure is missing, it does not appear that the conditions exist for blocks made of materials other than concrete to be limited to serving as formwork, especially if one would like to use this structure in regions hit by the earthquake.

British Patents GB-PS 508 987 (ENSOR) -176 031 (DEYES) and 827508 (ANTHONY) refer to building blocks comprising structures which do not appear to have any similarity to that which the Applicants propose.

The invention therefore proposes to indicate a supporting structure for masonry works with flat surfaces, or else for arches, or arches, formed by a network in conglomerate, or reinforced concrete, which can be carried out in both cases with the same modular elements, able to support any stress without the direct contribution of these, the sleepers and the uprights of the structure being consequently correlated in size reciprocal, being made compact and continuously along the entire structure, constituted by peripheral walls, transverse, by partition walls, etc., and in which the view faces do not need plastering when the work is accomplished.

The invention achieves this structure by two solutions mentioned in independent claims 1 and 2.

• Figure 1 deux éléments modulaires suivant l'invention, qui sont aptes à la réalisation d'ouvrage à sùrfaces planes aussi bien que de voûtes, ou d'arcs, les deux pièces étant réprésen- tées à l'instant de la superposition ;
• Figure 2 deux éléments modulaires suivant l'invention, qui sont aptes à la réalisation d'ouvrages à surfaces planes, à l'instant de la superposition, comme variante ;
• Figure 3 un ouvrage en maçonnerie avec des murs transversaux et des murs de cloison accrochés au moyen d'autres éléments modulaires prévus par l'invention à cet effet, en vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 4 et 5 des coupes transversales selon X et Y de la figure 3 ;
• Figure 6 une vue axonométrique d'un ouvrage à surfaces planes, partiellement en coupe, pour une meilleure compréhension de la structure ;
• Figure 7 une coupe verticale de deux été-. ments modulaires superposés ;
• Figure 8 une vue de face d'un ouvrage à surfaces planes ;
• Figure 9 une vue de face d'une partie de voûte ;
• Figure 10 une vue de face d'une voûte complète ;
• Figure 11 un élément modulaire pour raccorder les murs dans les coins, en Vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 12 un élément modulaire dont la dimension est réduite à la moitié, ouvert des deux côtés, en vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 13 un élément modulaire pour raccorder trois murs, en vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 14 un élément modulaire pour accrocher un mur de cloison et deux murs transversaux, en vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 15 un élément modulaire semblable à celui de la figure 12, mais fermé d'un côté, en vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 16 un élément modulaire semblable à celui de la figure 15, en dimension entière, en vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 17 un élément modulaire avec ses côtés pourvues de membranes, en vue axonométrique ;
• Figure 18 un élément modulaire pourvu de deux passages pour ventilation, avec un seul canal central, longitudinal, en vue axonométrique.

The invention has been described below in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. The figures show:

• Figure 1 two modular elements according to the invention, which are suitable for carrying out work with flat surfaces as well as arches, or arches, the two parts being shown at the time of superposition;
• Figure 2 two modular elements according to the invention, which are suitable for making works with flat surfaces, at the time of superposition, as a variant;
• Figure 3 a masonry structure with transverse walls and partition walls hung by means of other modular elements provided by the invention for this purpose, in axonometric view;
• Figure 4 and 5 cross sections along X and Y of Figure 3;
• Figure 6 an axonometric view of a structure with flat surfaces, partially in section, for a better understanding of the structure;
• Figure 7 a vertical section of two summer-. stacked modular elements;
• Figure 8 a front view of a work with flat surfaces;
• Figure 9 a front view of part of the roof;
• Figure 10 a front view of a complete arch;
• Figure 11 a modular element to connect the walls in the corners, in Axonometric view;
• Figure 12 a modular element whose size is reduced to half, open on both sides, in axonometric view;
• Figure 13 a modular element to connect three walls, in axonometric view;
• Figure 14 a modular element for hanging a partition wall and two transverse walls, in axonometric view;
• Figure 15 a modular element similar to that of Figure 12, but closed on one side, in axonometric view;
• Figure 16 a modular element similar to that of Figure 15, in full dimension, in axonometric view;
• Figure 17 a modular element with its sides provided with membranes, in axonometric view;
• Figure 18 a modular element provided with two passages for ventilation, with a single central, longitudinal channel, in axonometric view.

Figure 1 shows, at the time of their superposition, two modular elements 1 according to the invention, which can be used either for works with flat surfaces, or for arched or arched structures. On the upper and lower side of the elements are recognized longitudinal parts 2, 2 'molded in an arc of circumference, whose radii R, R' are equal. Said parts 2, 2 ′ are provided with grooves 3 parallel to each other, the dimensions of which are perfectly equal. The elements 1 can thus be geometrically coupled, while the grooves 3 ensure engagement of the elements with sealing.

The elements 1 are also provided with upper 4 and lower 4 ′ horizontal channels, as well as vertical channels 5 which are mutually parallel to each other. When the elements are superimposed, the median line of each element comes to correspond to the vertical plane of junction of two elements of the upper layer and, respectively, of the lower layer and the vertical channels 5 are aligned along a single vertical straight line, starting from the base and to the top of the structure. The horizontal channels 4, 4 'are in turn aligned along a single horizontal straight line. The sleepers and uprights thus form a continuous and uninterrupted network.

Below the upper arcuate parts 2, which are shorter than the lower parts 2 ', there are inclined planes 6 which form a hopper enlargement of the upper channel 4. When the elements 1 are superimposed, the parts 2, 2' in arc engage with each other ensuring a seal between the elements; between the lower horizontal channel 4 ', the planes 6 of the same element, the two interior segments of the parts 2 and the horizontal channel 4 of the superimposed element a free passage 18 is formed by superimposition of the elements, which is enlarged by the planes 6 and which, in general, is wider compared to the passages of the vertical channels 5 (fig. 8). This particular has been planned in order to reinforce in horizontal direction the masonry work. Each of the planes 6 has a groove 7; similar grooves 7 'are provided in the sides of the channels 4, 4'. On both sides of the grooves 7, parallel troughs 8 are provided. Troughs 8 'similar are provided along the surfaces of the upper 4 and lower 4' horizontal channels. The grooves 7, 7 'and the troughs 8, 8' promote the creep of the mortar at the time of its introduction into the structure, as well as better adhesion of the latter with the elements.

The vertical joining surfaces of the elements 1 have inclined planes 9; along the vertical edges thereof are provided grooves 10 and, alternatively, on the surface opposite of the element, corresponding ribs are provided, which ensure a mutual engagement with sealing with the mortar. At the projection 11 on one of the vertical junction surfaces, a similar cavity corresponds on the opposite vertical surface of the element 1. The mortar therefore also penetrates into the free passages 18 ′ which are formed by placing the elements side by side. Unlike the free passages formed by superposition, and which enlarge the spacing between the channels 4, 4 ′, these passages are not continuous along the same straight line, since below them is the bottom of the channels 4 (fig. 4 and 5); they still ensure the uninterrupted continuity of the structure per se, since there is no obstacle preventing the flow of mortar inside a passage of any kind.

The parts 2, 2 'with the grooves 3, the grooves 10 and the corresponding ribs therefore ensure, in the masonry structure obtained by dry assembly of the said elements, the sealing of the mortar along its entire periphery. The waterproofing will be ensured even when use is made - as will be described with reference to Figures 11-18 - of additional modular elements for hanging cross walls, or transverse load-bearing walls, or else fence element, etc. The presence of the grooves 7, 7 'and the troughs 8, 8' promotes the creep of the mortar and the adhesion of the latter to the modular elements 1, as well as the compactness of the structure.

Figure 2 shows a variant of the element 1 of Figure 1. This element 1 'can be used only for masonry works with flat surfaces. It has the same characteristics of element 1 except that in the supports. The difference therefore consists only in that the upper and lower horizontal surfaces do not affect, from the outer edges, the. shape of an arc of circumference, but that of horizontal support planes. The upper support planes with 12 and the lower ones with 12 'have been indicated. In proximity to these planes 12, 12 ′, there are provided, alternatively, upper grooves 13 and corresponding lower ribs (not shown in the figure); there are also found on a vertical surface the same grooves 10 and, alternatively, corresponding ribs (not shown in the drawing) on the opposite vertical surface. The grooves and ribs ensure the watertightness of the structure during the geometric coupling of the elements. All the other characteristics which have been described with reference to the element in FIG. 1 are here the same.

Figure 3 shows a masonry structure made with modular elements 1; we see corners made with modular elements 14, similar to that of Figure 11; transverse walls hung with modular elements 15, similar to that of FIG. 13; cross walls hung with modular elements 16, similar to that of FIG. 14. The structure is closed at the ends with modular elements 17, the dimension of which is reduced to half, similar to that of FIG. 15, and 17 ' , similar to that of figure 16. The figure aims to underline the fact that even an irregular profile work is comparable to a single waterproof container with mortar.

Figures 4 and 5 are cross sections along X and Y of Figure 3. They are intended to emphasize the location of an upper layer X of the modular elements relative to a lower layer Y, as well as the use of the same additional elements which has been described with reference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 shows the continuity of the structure: the crosspieces 18 of the mortar network which has formed in the horizontal channels 4, 4 ′ enlarged by the planes 6 are continuous: the uprights 19 of the mortar network which has formed in the vertical channels 5 are continuous. The crosspieces 18 and the uprights 19 are further aligned, respectively, along the same straight line; the crosspieces 18 and the uprights 19 are intimately linked since the channels 4, 4 ′ and 5 intersect. Through the channels 4, 4 'and 5, respectively, iron bars 20', 20 can be passed for the reinforcement of the structure. Bars can not pass through the free vertical junction passages which are formed by the side-by-side location of the elements. However, the mortar penetrates there and binds intimately with the crosspieces 18 and the uprights 19.

The overlapping of two elements can be better recognized in Figure 7.

Either the channels 4, 4 ′, or the free passages which form by superposition and by location side by side of the modular elements are precalculated in size according to the kind of network necessary for the structure. In consideration of the watertightness of the structure, the mortar can be introduced even under pressure. The grooves 7, 7 'and the troughs 8, 8' promote the creep of the mortar, especially when it is introduced by gravity. Neither in one case nor the other, the mortar can come out of the elements; this avoids the plastering of the structure and makes it possible to provide decorations on the modular elements.

The dimensions of the elements having been established beforehand and the resulting network continuous and compact, there results therefrom a load-bearing structure which can support in itself any stress without any contribution on the part of the very elements which were however used to make it. It follows that these elements can be made even of light materials, such as pressed wood, or synthetic resins, preferably polystyrene. The modular elements being light, the work is accomplished naturally with considerable speed.

FIG. 8 shows a structure with flat surfaces produced with modular elements 1.

Figure 9 shows the modular elements 1 used for the construction of a vault. The radius R of the parts 2 being equal to the radius R 'of the parts 2' and the grooves 3 being equal between them in size, not only is the structure sealed, but also the possibility of offset between two superimposed elements. The height of the superimposed element 1 is proportional to its width as a function of the number of teeth which must be used to offset the elements in height until reaching the top of the vault.

Figure 10 shows an assembled vault with modular elements 1 according to the invention.

In Figure 11 there is shown a modular element 1 for hanging the work at the corners. The arched parts near the corner are here suitably provided for support in this part of the structure.

FIG. 12 shows a modular element 1 of dimension reduced to half, which is used to respect the location of an upper layer with a lower layer, while maintaining the necessary offset of the elements with respect to the junctions.

Figure 13 shows a modular element for hanging three walls. It can be seen that the element has an open transverse passage for coupling with the longitudinal passages of the elements to be placed at its sides.

The modular element shown in Figure 14 is similar to that of Figure 13; however, the transverse passage is open on one side only for the attachment of a cross wall.

Figure 15 shows a modular element similar to that of Figure 12; it is used for the closing of the work.

The element of Figure 16 is similar to that of Figure 15, but in full dimension.

The modular element of FIG. 18 is used, as well as the elements which have been described, when ventilation passages are desired. In Figure 17 the ventilation passages are arranged alongside a single channel provided for the formation of the network. In FIG. 18, said ventilation passages are on the other hand arranged in a single straight line; on their side we recognize the channels planned for the formation of the network.

All the elements that have been described with reference to Figures from 11 to 18 can of course also be produced according to the profile of the modular element 1 'of Figure 2; they will thus represent, as a whole, a variant which can be used only for a planar structure.

FIG. 17 shows a modular element which the Applicants indicate as "membrane element _" . Indeed, all the surfaces included between the grooves 23, 23 'are membranes which can be broken with a hammer blow to open passages in the direction of network sleepers according to requirements. This element is a variant to elements 1, l 'in Figures 1 and 2. It can contribute considerably to the speed of construction, without in any way affecting the characteristics indicated above. .

Claims (11)

1. Supporting structure.of a conglomerate or reinforced concrete, in particular anti-earthquake, for planar as well as vaulted or arc-shaped constructions, consisting of modular elements and taking all stresses without the intervention of said elements, characterized in that :

the upper end and lower horizontal, longitudinal surfaces have parts (2, 2') describing arcs of circumference, the radius (R, R') of both arcs being equal to each other ;

said arched parts (2, 2') are provided with longitudinal gorges (3), all of them having the same dimensions such as to engage with each other sealingly to the mortar between the upper and lower, modular elements, and to allow a joggled arrangement of the upper element with respect to the lower element in the construction of a vault ;

the vertical jointing surfaces are alternately provided along the edges with grooves (10) and corresponding ribs on the opposing surfaces, the dimensions of which being such as to assure a mutual engagement which is mortar tight ;

the horizontal (4, 4') and vertical (5) channels are shaped so as to form continuous, voluminous cavities which are uninterrupted both horizontally and vertically at the superimposition and the arrangement side to side of the elements, said horizontal channels (4, 4') being provided at their sides with grooves (7') and along their bottom surface with flutes (8') to facilitate the flowing and the adhesion of the mortar ;

below said arched, upper parts (2, 2') continuous, longitudinal, inclined planes are provided to considerably enlarge at both sides of the horizontal channels (4, 4') the cavity formed therebetween at the superimposition of said elements (1) so as to form side, free passageways (18) which are in turn continuous and uninterrupted along the same straight line, each of said planes (6) being provided with a longitudinal groove (7) and parallel flutes (8) which facilitate the flowing of the mortar throughout and the adhesion of the mortar to the modular elements as well ;

on both sides of the vertical jointing surfaces vertical inclined planes (9) are provided to form vertical, free passageways (18') at the arrangement side to side of said elements.

2. Supporting structure of a conglomerate or reinforced concrete, in particular anti-earthquake, consisting of modular elements and taking all stresses without the intervention of said elements, characterized in that:

the upper and lower, horizontal, longitudinal surfaces have at their edges bearing faces (12, 12') near which upper grooves (13) are provided corresponding to lower ribs on the opposing surface allowing for the geometric tight fit for the mortar by superimposition of both elements (1') ;

the vertical jointing surfaces are provided at their edges with grooves (10) and at the vertical opposing surface with corresponding ribs allowing for the geometric tight fit for the mortar by arrangement side to side of the element (1') ;

the horizontal (4, 4') and vertical (5) channels are shaped so as to form continuous, voluminous cavities which are uninterrupted both horizontally and vertically at the superimposition and the arrangement side to side of the elements (1'), said channels (4, 4') being provided at both sides with grooves (7') and along their bottom surface with flutes (8') to facilitate the flowing and the adhesion of the mortar ;

at the upper grooves (13) and the corresponding lower ribs continuous, longitudinal, upper and lower inclined planes are provided to considerably enlarge at both sides of the horizontal channels (4, 4') the cavity formed therebetween at the superimposition of said elements (1') so as to form side, free passageways (18) which are in turn continuous and uninterrupted along the same straight line, each of said planes (6, 6') being provided with a longitudinal groove (7) and parallel flutes (8) which facilitate the flowing of the mortar throughout and the adhesion of the mortar to the elements as well ;

on both sides of the vertical jointing surfaces vertical inclined planes (9) are provided to form free passageways (18') at the arrangement side to side of said elements (1').

3. Structure according to claim 1 and/or 2, wherein the branching off of the cross walls or partitions is provided by means of a modular coupling element as described in said claims, characterized in that :

the portions of the walls, which at three sides thereof are in correspondance with the vertical channels, are diaphragm delimited vertically and outwardly by grooves (23) and provided inwardly with grooves (23') which facilitate the break thereof to open the passage to the channels (4, 4') ;

at the outer sides of each outward groove (23) a groove is provided for the geometric fit with another modular element (1, 1') or with another modular coupling element.

4. Structure according to claims 1 and/or 2, wherein the coupling of the works at the corner is achieved by means of a modular element (1, l' ; 14) such as described in said claims, characterized in that a vertical, frontal surface is closed, while near the latter at the vertical channel (5) the longitudinal, left of right wall is opened and provided with grooves on both sides of the opening for the geometric fit of another element.

5. Structure according to claims 1 and/or 2, wherein an element (1, 1') such as described in said claims is characterized in that it has a length reduced by the half and the two vertical, frontal surfaces are opened.

6. Structure according to claims 1 and/or 2, wherein an element (1, 1' ; 17) such as described in said claims is characterized in that it has a length reduced by the half and one of the two vertical, frontal surfaces is closed.

7. Structure according to claims 1 and/or 2, wherein an element (1, 14 ; 17) such as described in said claims is characterized in that one of the vertical, frontal surfaces is closed.

8. Structure according to claims 1 and/or 2, wherein the coupling of three walls is achieved by means of a modular element (1, l' ; 15) such as described in said claims, characterized in that the two longitudinal walls are opened at one of the vertical, frontal jointing surfaces, said wall being provided at both sides of the opening with grooves for the geometric fit of another element.

9. Structure according to claims 1 and/or 2, wherein the coupling of the partitions is achived by means of a modular element (1, l' ; 16) such as described in said claims, characterized in that the two vertical, frontal surfaces are opened and near one of the latter at the vertical channel (5) the longitudinal, left and right wall is opened and provided with grooves at both sides of the opening for the geometric fit of another element.

10. Structure according to claims 1 and/or 2, wherein a ventilation is provided by menas of a modular element (1, 1 such as described in said claims, characterized in that the vertical, frontal surfaces are flat and smooth and that passageways (21) are arranged in each longitudinal wall.

11. The structure according to any one of the preceeding claims, characterized in that a retarder is added to the mortar to be introduced in the masonry works.

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