EP0058657A1 - Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de bâtiments en pierre - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de bâtiments en pierre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0058657A1
EP0058657A1 EP82890020A EP82890020A EP0058657A1 EP 0058657 A1 EP0058657 A1 EP 0058657A1 EP 82890020 A EP82890020 A EP 82890020A EP 82890020 A EP82890020 A EP 82890020A EP 0058657 A1 EP0058657 A1 EP 0058657A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
lime
layer
stone
building
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82890020A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0058657B1 (fr
Inventor
Oswald Rada
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from AT0064581A external-priority patent/AT370185B/de
Priority claimed from AT97681A external-priority patent/AT374234B/de
Priority claimed from AT267081A external-priority patent/AT379195B/de
Priority claimed from AT0420281A external-priority patent/AT371790B/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0058657A1 publication Critical patent/EP0058657A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0058657B1 publication Critical patent/EP0058657B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/002—Arrangements for cleaning building facades

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning and maintaining structures made of stone, the surface of the structure being sprayed or sprinkled with water.
  • the invention further relates to a device and a layer for carrying out this method.
  • the surface wetting of the rain causes evaporation drying on hot summer days.
  • the penetrated sulfuric acid diffuses on the surface of the buildings, where they are rinsed off by the rain.
  • the bright spots on the buildings are proof that the rain is of good service. In the case of vertical and non-structured surfaces, however, the natural cleanliness from the rain is not enough and there is no cleaning in the rain shadow.
  • the invention has set itself the goal of providing a method for cleaning and maintaining buildings made of stone, with which it is possible to effectively protect buildings from the rapid destruction caused by the deteriorated environmental conditions.
  • This goal is essentially achieved in that the spraying or sprinkling is carried out in recurring periods, the intervals between the individual sprinkling or sprinkling being chosen so short that constant humidification and thus diffusion of pollutants to the outside is ensured.
  • Such sprinkling or spraying which is carried out again and again, leads to surface wetting, which initiates a diffusion process of the harmful acids and salts. As soon as the surface of the stone is wetted and a corresponding depth effect is achieved, diffusion occurs in the stone.
  • the acids accumulated in the stone are stimulated to diffuse onto the outer surface.
  • the soluble salts are dissolved and also migrate to the surface of the stone, from where they are rinsed off by the excess water or taken up by the atmosphere. The evaporation drying already mentioned occurs as a further effect.
  • the method according to the invention can be easily adapted to the various environmental conditions in that, according to a further feature of the invention, the periods of spraying or sprinkling are selected as a function of air humidity and / or solar radiation and / or wind speed and / or temperature.
  • Water pipes are arranged.
  • their surface is covered with a calcareous plaster layer after desalination and deacidification initiated by spraying or sprinkling.
  • This plaster layer serves to absorb the pollutants from the atmosphere, within this plaster layer the chemical conversions, in particular the formation of gypsum, can take place.
  • a layer having a high capillary absorbency and liquid-holding property to the building.
  • Such a layer in particular largely homogenizes the treatment of the surface of the building.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device for carrying out the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a device equipped with hanging devices for hose lines for carrying out the method
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 devices for continuously measuring the pollutant content in the stone
  • FIG. 6 part of a reinforced concrete structure with an applied calcareous plaster layer
  • FIGS. 7 to 11 different embodiments of a layer having a high capillary absorbency and liquid-holding property
  • FIG. 12 a device for consolidation.
  • a building 1 which is provided with permanently installed water pipes 2.
  • These water pipes can be pipe or hose lines which, depending on the circumstances, are inside or outside the building.
  • Spray or sprinkling nozzles 3 are arranged at the ends of the water supply lines 2 which are in all cases outside. These nozzles are directed in such a way that the surface of the building 1 to be protected is wetted with water. Are the If the nozzles are directed at an oblique angle to the building surface, a more or less large surface of the building can be wetted with water by changing the water pressure.
  • all water pipes 2 are supplied with water by a pump 4, a solenoid valve 5 being connected downstream of the pump.
  • This solenoid valve 5 is controlled by a time switch 6, to which measuring probes 7 are also connected. These measuring probes measure, for example, the air humidity, the temperature and the wind direction and give the time switch 6 the information necessary to enable it to open or close the solenoid valve 5.
  • the object to be cleaned is now divided into atomization regions and the lines 2 with the adjustable diis 3 are laid according to this division.
  • the lines 2 are switched on and off for a different length of time via the solenoid valves 5, taking into account the air humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and temperature.
  • the atomization of the water takes into account a minimal water consumption and the complete wetting of the surface.
  • Heavy dirt crust formation as can be found on the rain shadow sides of most cultural monuments and buildings, can be done with one known cleaning paste can be coated. To prevent the cleaning paste from being washed off prematurely, it is fixed with a plastic layer. Due to the continuous dilution, the cleaning paste does not dry out prematurely, which ensures optimal success.
  • the measuring procedure is used in connection with the cleaning procedure in order to achieve an optimal effect.
  • it is possible to continuously check the pollutant content inside the buildings and to take countermeasures in good time. Since the moisture in the buildings plays a significant part in the destruction, the moisture content inside the walls is also measured in the measuring process.
  • an approximately 100 mn deep hole with a diameter of approximately 50 mn is drilled without water supply (dry drilling method).
  • a second borehole, which has the diameter of the first core, is also drilled to a depth of 100 mm.
  • the cores are blasted off the bottom of the borehole and packed in a gas-tight plastic bag for analysis in the laboratory.
  • the core of the first borehole is inserted into the second borehole, which is precisely drilled, without glue.
  • a new drill core made of the same material is made and inserted precisely into the first borehole.
  • the diffusion and capillary moisture migration compensate for the drill core in a short time, which means that continuous measurements can be taken during the cleaning process.
  • the drill cores are e.g. pulled out of the boreholes by means of a vacuum suction device, examined and then inserted again.
  • the structure 10 shown has a cornice 12 in the area of the roof 13.
  • cantilever beams 15 are mounted, each of which can be folded out, about an axis and which carry pulleys 16 at their outer end.
  • the cantilever beams 15 can be folded back from the extended position shown in the drawing in full lines, in which they serve as hanging devices for water pipes, into a position 15 'shown with dashed lines, in which they do not affect the appearance of the structure 11 in any way to disturb.
  • the cantilevers 15 are provided with supports 17 for support in the unfolded position.
  • a rope 18 is guided over the rope pulleys 16 of the cantilever beams 15, which rope is endless in the example shown and leads around further rope pulleys 19 of a winch 20 standing on the ground.
  • Hose lines 21 are connected to the ropes 18 and are in turn connected again by transverse pipes 22.
  • the pipes 22 are provided with nozzles, the spray cones of which are designated by 23.
  • the cantilever beams 15 are folded out and the ropes 18 are suspended.
  • the cable winches 20 are set up and next to them the bundle-shaped water pipes which are rolled up around the axes of the pipes 22 are laid.
  • the beginning of each bundle is connected to the associated ropes 18 and pulled up by means of the cable winches 20, the water lines 21, 22 being able to be prevented from being connected to the ropes 18 in between.
  • the latticework of the water pipes 21, 22 shown in the drawing is created. The width of such a latticework depends on the particular circumstances; right in the drawing, a two D arallel running tubing 21 and the left using a three such tubing 21 latticework is shown.
  • the cable winches 20 can also be used to move the water pipe up and down during the spraying of the building, so that the building is sprayed in detail.
  • the nozzles themselves can also be arranged to be movable, e.g. like the known lawn sprinklers.
  • the water pipes can also be formed between two foils which are connected to one another in a line to form channels.
  • Such a design in the manner of a large air mattress through which water flows, on the one hand covers the structure during the wetting, and on the other hand the arrangement of the nozzles can be chosen very freely depending on the particular requirements.
  • the water pipes arranged between the foils are designed as a solar collector - in particular by using dark foils - the water used for the wetting can be heated, as a result of which the harmful salts can be dissolved more quickly.
  • cold water pipes can be arranged so that cold or hot water is alternately used for wetting.
  • the rope does not need to be endless, it can instead lead freely downwards from a rope drum standing on the ground via the upper pulley 6, with a possibly required pull e.g. by weights or springs is possible. Instead of ropes, e.g. Chains are used.
  • the hanging devices could be pivotable about an approximately vertical axis or pulled out of the building 10.
  • the hanging devices 15 could also be movable along the structure 10. In such a case, only one field, e.g. from the two hose lines 21 shown in the drawing on the right with the associated pipelines 22, the sufficiency can be found. This field would then be movable in the direction of the arrows24. The drive would be useful instead of from above, as shown from below.
  • a core 32 is inserted in the stone 31 of a building with a precise fit.
  • This drill core 32 is provided on its circumferential surface with electrodes 33 and 34, three electrodes 33 and three electrodes 34 being provided in the example shown.
  • Two electrodes 33 and 34 lie opposite each other and the electrode pairs 33, 34 are arranged at different depths.
  • the electrode pairs 33, 34 are, as indicated for a pair, connected via lines 35 to a voltage source 36 and a measuring device 37.
  • the measuring device 37 can be a device equipped with a microprocessor which has a digital display.
  • the electrical potential when a direct current is emitted via a diaphragm. In both cases, information about the acidity in the stone is given.
  • At the same core 32 may, for example, 0 to 90 displaced more electrode pairs be located 38 and 39, which direct current can be supplied, whereby the resulting electrical potential is measured at a Diafragma.
  • a drill core 40 is provided with a Merrbran 41 and 42 on its two base surfaces.
  • the two membranes are connected via lines 43 to an electrical pressure measuring device 44.
  • other pressures will set on the membranes 41 and 42, which can be read on the measuring device 44.
  • it can accordingly be determined in which direction the diffusion flow is going, whether from the inside out or vice versa, which is very important for the assessment of necessary measures.
  • the proposed sprinkling or spraying of the stone leads to surface wetting, which initiates a diffusion process of the harmful acids and salts.
  • the acids accumulated in the stone are stimulated to diffuse towards the outer surface.
  • the soluble salts are dissolved and also migrate to the surface of the stone. The direction of the diffusion flow therefore indicates whether a new sprinkling or spraying of the stone is necessary.
  • a probe for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals is inserted into the stone at a distance from one another, and a time measuring device for measuring the time between transmission and reception of a signal is connected to these probes.
  • This time is a measure of the density or concentration of the substances contained in the stone, which also allows a conclusion to be drawn about the condition of the stone.
  • the signals can be transmitted from the probes to the measuring devices via electrical lines. However, it is also possible to carry out this transmission wirelessly.
  • the small transmitters required for this are known per se.
  • this can be prevented by covering the surface of a reinforced concrete structure 48 provided with steel reinforcement 47 after desalination and deacidification initiated by spraying or sprinkling with a calcareous plaster layer 49.
  • This measure causes the formation of gypsum in layer 49. This can convert much more sulfurous acid into gypsum, which means that desalination and deacidification can take place at longer intervals. Also, the moisture and the pollutants can no longer penetrate into the concrete 48, since a new desalination, deacidification and drying can take place beforehand according to the method according to the invention.
  • a lime milk coating 50 serves to absorb the pollutants on the surface, as a result of which the lime mortar layer 49 withstands the attacks of the pollutants for a relatively long time.
  • the lime milk coating 50 causes a smoother surface, so that less moisture and pollutants can penetrate into the calcareous plaster layer 4 q .
  • a lime mortar plaster consisting of hydrated lime and limestone sand can be used as the lime-containing plaster layer 49. But it is also possible to use a mortar with lime sand as a layer of plaster. It is also possible to use a plastic mortar with lime sand.
  • the natural stone or concrete can also be impregnated with a calcareous solution. Impregnation with calcium compounds and / or calcium compounds and / or calcium compounds is also possible.
  • the impregnations, paints or plaster layers are expediently treated with a hardening agent. It is also essential that the impregnations, paints or plaster layers are formed with sufficient capillaries so that the processes occurring through the method according to the invention can take place to a sufficient extent.
  • the periods of spraying or sprinkling are selected as a function of the air humidity and / or solar radiation and / or wind speed and / or temperature.
  • the hardness and absorbency of the stone cause a different period of evaporation drying.
  • the structure and profiles of a building are so diverse that sometimes too many measuring points would be necessary for the switching intervals.
  • the great differences in a building zone can be brought approximately to the same values if a layer with a high capillary absorbency and liquid-holding property is applied to the building.
  • the layer arranged according to the invention largely homogenizes the treatment of the surface of the building.
  • An additional advantage is that the layer absorbs the contaminants diffused to the outside, so that it is no longer necessary to rinse off the contaminants and the deposited salts. This not only saves costs and time, it also reduces the environmental impact of the uncontrolled flow of pollutants, e.g. prevented in the canal system.
  • a particularly advantageous layer for carrying out the method is characterized in that it has a compress consisting of a fleece or the like. Such compresses hold the moisture for a very long time and also absorb the pollutants diffused from the stone well. In addition, such compresses are easy to attach to and remove from the structure. According to a further feature of the invention, the layer can also have a paste that cleans the surface.
  • a flat holder with openings is provided on the side facing away from the building.
  • This flat holder can e.g. a network, grid or the like. It has proven particularly expedient if the flat holder consists of a plastic film. It is then possible to provide the plastic film with openings of different sizes and / or arrangements. This ensures that the evaporation of the liquid is regulated by the size or arrangement of the openings according to the properties of the building.
  • a layer is applied to the surface of a building 54, which consists of a stone-cleaning paste 51, a water-absorbing and water-holding fleece 52 and a net 53.
  • the attachment of the layer to the structure can be done with softer rocks using metal clips 55.
  • pieces of wire 56 can be attached to the structure by means of adhesive points, which hold the net 53.
  • the net 53 consists of an easily deformable material which is stable in its deformed position and which presses the fleece 52 against the structure 54 with approximately the same pressure.
  • the stone-cleaning paste can consist of caustic potash - diatomaceous earth - perlite-Baltane as a solvent - water - sawdust - caustic lime or / and caustic soda and / or wood flour or / and aerosyl.
  • the layer described is expediently moistened or applied wet to the structure and the moisture is maintained by spraying or sprinkling, but also by a high moisture concentration in the air.
  • the layer brings the moisture evenly onto the surface of the building and the pollutants contained in the building are stimulated to diffuse to the surface and absorbed by the fleece 52.
  • the stone-cleaning paste supports the cleaning effect. After cleaning, the layer as a whole can be removed from the building.
  • the layer 51, 52, 53 is covered by a plastic film 57 which, depending on the nature of the building 54, is provided with different numbers or different sized openings 58. Since the diffusion of the pollutants in the different stones and also due to the different concentration of the pollutants takes place at different speeds, the arrangement or size of the openings 58 makes it possible to adapt the evaporation drying to the rate of diffusion.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of the invention, a single-layer compress 60, which is applied to the surface of the structure 54 by means of an adhesive layer 61.
  • a pasty layer 59 is applied to the masonry 54.
  • This layer 59 can e.g. be designed as a plaster consisting of kieselguhr and lime.
  • Layer 59 is also moistened, either by nozzles or the like, or by an existing high level of air humidity. After the cleaning process has been carried out, the plaster layer 59 is removed.
  • the lime content of the layer also means that the lime contained in the layer changes inwards into the masonry and replaces layers of lime there.
  • composition of the layer can be varied in many ways as long as the main purpose, namely keeping the moisture and thus the diffusion of the pollutants is achieved.
  • a hydroscopic liquid e.g. Glycerin may be included.
  • the invention takes advantage of this molecular change by injecting molecularly modified liquid into the porous material, i.e. into the masonry.
  • the method according to the invention for hardening natural or artificial stone can be used.
  • Lime water is subjected to the action of a magnetic field, light beam field or the like and the molecularly modified lime water is introduced into the stone.
  • the water is initially subjected to the action of a magnetic field, light beam field or the like, and then lime is added to the molecularly modified water, after which the lime water formed is introduced into the stone.
  • the method according to the invention brings lime in a high concentration deep into the stone. Lime is used because lime is the natural binding agent of the stone and therefore no kind of foreign substances are used that could trigger defense reactions.
  • a particularly effective introduction of the molecularly modified lime water into the stone is achieved if it is sprayed onto the stone using nozzles.
  • a lime supply can also be carried out both in front of and behind the magnet 73.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
EP19820890020 1981-02-12 1982-02-11 Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de bâtiments en pierre Expired EP0058657B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT645/81 1981-02-12
AT0064581A AT370185B (de) 1981-02-12 1981-02-12 Verbrennungsofen
AT976/81 1981-03-02
AT97681A AT374234B (de) 1981-03-02 1981-03-02 Einrichtung zum reinigen und erhalten von bauwerken aus stein
AT140081 1981-03-25
AT1400/81 1981-03-25
AT1683/81 1981-04-13
AT168381 1981-04-13
AT2670/81 1981-06-15
AT267081A AT379195B (de) 1981-06-15 1981-06-15 Verfahren zum reinigen und erhalten von bauwerken aus stein
AT4202/81 1981-10-01
AT0420281A AT371790B (de) 1981-10-01 1981-10-01 Verfahren zum impraegnieren von poroesem naturoder kunststein

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0058657A1 true EP0058657A1 (fr) 1982-08-25
EP0058657B1 EP0058657B1 (fr) 1984-12-19

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EP19820890020 Expired EP0058657B1 (fr) 1981-02-12 1982-02-11 Méthode et dispositif pour le nettoyage de bâtiments en pierre

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EP (1) EP0058657B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3261570D1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19722557C2 (de) * 1997-05-28 1999-04-29 Nittel Gmbh & Co Kg A Verfahren zum Konservieren von Klinker- und Natursteinfassaden und Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
FR2786517A1 (fr) * 1998-11-26 2000-06-02 Lefevre Sa M Procede et dispositif de nettoyage par voile d'eau
WO2004067195A1 (fr) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Hugo Nagy Procede et dispositif de traitement de surfaces a l'aide de jets de liquide
GB2404137A (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-01-26 Kevin Maurice Bolton Cleaning apparatus for buildings, windows etc
WO2016078985A1 (fr) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-26 Ghadri Absi Chahir Procédé et dispositif pour le nettoyage haute pression de surfaces à l'aide d'eau et d'air

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2311670A (en) * 1938-11-07 1943-02-23 Lamont Neil Method of cleaning buildings or the like
FR1322758A (fr) * 1962-05-24 1963-03-29 Procédé d'installation de ravalement
BE816893A (fr) * 1974-06-26 1974-10-16 Procede de nettoyage de facade et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre.
FR2270402A1 (en) * 1974-05-07 1975-12-05 Darlix Georges Fire fighting system for tall building - has distributor pipes for jets forming curtain of water over windows
US4112535A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-09-12 C. H. Heist Corporation High pressure jet wall cleaner apparatus
DE2713238A1 (de) * 1977-03-25 1978-10-05 Anton Fuchs Maler Und Stukkatu Verfahren und vorrichtung zum konservieren von natur- oder kunststeinen oder beton und daraus hergestellten objekten
DE2815236A1 (de) * 1978-04-08 1979-10-11 Guenter Helmdach Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von gebaeudeteilen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2311670A (en) * 1938-11-07 1943-02-23 Lamont Neil Method of cleaning buildings or the like
FR1322758A (fr) * 1962-05-24 1963-03-29 Procédé d'installation de ravalement
FR2270402A1 (en) * 1974-05-07 1975-12-05 Darlix Georges Fire fighting system for tall building - has distributor pipes for jets forming curtain of water over windows
BE816893A (fr) * 1974-06-26 1974-10-16 Procede de nettoyage de facade et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre.
US4112535A (en) * 1976-06-21 1978-09-12 C. H. Heist Corporation High pressure jet wall cleaner apparatus
DE2713238A1 (de) * 1977-03-25 1978-10-05 Anton Fuchs Maler Und Stukkatu Verfahren und vorrichtung zum konservieren von natur- oder kunststeinen oder beton und daraus hergestellten objekten
DE2815236A1 (de) * 1978-04-08 1979-10-11 Guenter Helmdach Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln von gebaeudeteilen

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19722557C2 (de) * 1997-05-28 1999-04-29 Nittel Gmbh & Co Kg A Verfahren zum Konservieren von Klinker- und Natursteinfassaden und Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
FR2786517A1 (fr) * 1998-11-26 2000-06-02 Lefevre Sa M Procede et dispositif de nettoyage par voile d'eau
WO2004067195A1 (fr) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Hugo Nagy Procede et dispositif de traitement de surfaces a l'aide de jets de liquide
GB2404137A (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-01-26 Kevin Maurice Bolton Cleaning apparatus for buildings, windows etc
WO2016078985A1 (fr) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-26 Ghadri Absi Chahir Procédé et dispositif pour le nettoyage haute pression de surfaces à l'aide d'eau et d'air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3261570D1 (en) 1985-01-31
EP0058657B1 (fr) 1984-12-19

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