EP0056077A2 - Recoilless weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrangement for firing a projectile from a recoil-free weapon, in whose launch tube (1), which is open at both ends, a propellant charge (3) is arranged, which is insulated towards the rear by means of an inert powdery compensation mass (4, 5). The projectile (2, 9) to be fired from the weapon barrel and the compensation mass are matched to one another with regard to their mass and the distances to be covered in the launch tube such that the compensation mass leaves the launch tube at the same time, but preferably only after the projectile has passed.

Description

The invention relates to an arrangement of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

A weapon is known from US Pat. No. 1,108,714 in which a projectile is fired from the front and a compensating mass is fired from the back of an equally caliber tube. Since axial forces are only transferred to the weapon by friction of the projectile or the compensation mass on the inner wall of the barrel, pressure forces in this case do not contribute to a recoil during the shot and the friction forces can be kept several orders of magnitude lower than the pressure forces, The so-called "Davis cannon" is an essentially recoil-free weapon, however, the frictional forces of the projectile and the compensation mass compensate each other at least in part.

A number of special solutions to the principle of the Davis cannon have become known in the following, for example this type of weapon has established itself as a shoulder weapon in the fight against tanks with hollow charge projectiles as a "bazooka". In contrast to Davis, all of these solutions do not use a dimensionally stable compensation mass, but one that disintegrates after it emerges from the rear mouth of the pipe. It applies to all solutions without exception that the compensation mass has already left the pipe at a time when the projectile still has to travel part of its way in the pipe. This means that these weapons only work as Davis cannons until the time when the entire compensating mass emerges, but thereafter as nozzle cannons with the nozzle expansion ratio 1.

In the field of recoil-free anti-tank handguns, there is an increasing demand for these weapons to be able to fire from closed rooms. However, the implementation of this requirement is hindered by the problem of the danger to the shooter, which danger, which, when shooting from closed rooms, comes almost exclusively from the rear muzzle of the recoil-free weapon, can be divided into two categories, namely the danger from the firing bang and the danger from pressure waves. The bang can be so intense that damage to the shooter occurs even when using field hearing protection. Likewise, the pressure waves can reach such an intensity that damage occurs to the shooter and possibly even to the walls of the room.

The object of the invention is now to provide a solution which also allows the shot - from closed rooms, ie avoids the above-mentioned danger when shooting from 'closed rooms'. According to the invention, this is achieved by an arrangement according to the characteristic of claim 1, that is, that the projectile and compensation charge are matched to each other with respect to their mass and their distances to be covered in the pipe so that the compensation mass releases the pipe at the same time at the earliest, but especially only after the projectile.

According to a further proposal of the invention, it is provided to arrange the compensation mass in the launch tube while leaving an annular gap between it and the tube. This has the consequence that the friction between the surface of the compensation mass and the inner surface of the pipe is considerably reduced, since a part - albeit small - of the powder gases can flow through the annular gap to the rear pipe mouth and can escape from it. Since the gas flowing through experiences a considerable drop in pressure in the annular gap, in particular in the case of a greater length thereof, there is nevertheless no appreciable bang and certainly not a pressure wave. As the compensating mass escapes and thus becomes shorter, the amount of powder gas flowing past it increases, but an interstationary process cannot develop, since the overall process takes place continuously despite its short duration.

In order to create uniform and reproducible conditions, provision is made to hold the compensation mass centrally in the tube by means of spacer elements distributed over its circumference. This ensures that the intended purpose of reducing the size of the coefficient of friction is achieved in the best possible way.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is explained below with reference to this.

• Figur 1 am Beispiel einer Panzerfaust die schematische Darstellung einer modernen rückstoßfreien Waffe im Schnitt,
• Figur 2 ebenfalls im Schnitt die Verhältnisse bei einer nach konventionellen Gesichtspunkten ausgelegte rückstoßfreien Waffe,
• Figur 3 eine nach der Erfindung gestaltete Waffe und
• Figur 4 in schematischer Darstellung eine Variante für die Anordnung der Kompensationsmasse im Waffenrohr.

Show it

• FIG. 1, using the example of a bazooka, the schematic representation of a modern recoil-free weapon in section,
• FIG. 2 also shows on average the conditions in a recoil-free weapon designed according to conventional aspects,
• Figure 3 is a weapon designed according to the invention and
• Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a variant for the arrangement of the compensation mass in the gun barrel.

In FIG. 1, 1 denotes the weapon barrel, in which the projectile 2 is inserted at one end with its shaft 9. The loading space with the propellant charge 3 is located behind the floor of the projectile shaft 9. The compensation mass 4 arranged on the side of the propellant charge 3 facing away from the projectile can optionally be increased by a further compensation mass 5. The pistol grip 6 for triggering the firing of the propellant charge or for firing the shot, the shoulder rest 7 and the sight 8 complete the weapon.

In the conventional design of the compensation mass, when the shot is fired, the behavior of the projectile and the compensation mass shown in FIG. 2 results, i.e. the projectile 2 will still be with a substantial part of its shaft 9 in the tube 1 after - as shown - the propellant charge 3 in the form of powder gases now completely occupies the remaining space of the tube 1 and the compensation mass 4 has already left the tube and closed begins to decay.

The behavior in the inventive design according to FIG. 3, on the other hand, is different. Here, part of the compensating mass 5 is still in the tube, which is otherwise completely filled by the compressed gases resulting from the propellant powder charge 3, whereas the storey 1, 9 has already emerged from the tube and the powder gases are already flowing outside behind him.

According to FIG. 4, the compensation mass 4 is arranged centrally by means of the spacer elements 10 distributed over the circumference, leaving a rinse gap in the weapon barrel 1.

Claims (3)

1. Arrangement for firing a projectile from a weapon with a launch tube open at both ends by means of a propellant charge which is insulated to the rear by an inert powdery compensating mass, characterized in that the projectile (2, 9) and the compensating mass (4, 5) are related their mass and the distances to be covered by them in the launch tube (1) are coordinated with one another in such a way that the compensating mass releases the launch tube at the same time at the earliest, but in particular only completely after the projectile. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the compensation mass (4, 5) in the launch tube (1) while leaving an annular gap between its surface and the inner surface of the launch tube is arranged. 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the compensation mass (4, 5) by means of spacer elements (10) distributed over its circumference is arranged centrally in the tube (1).

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