EP0055362B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un produit textile plat ainsi que le produit textile ainsi fabriqué - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un produit textile plat ainsi que le produit textile ainsi fabriqué Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0055362B1
EP0055362B1 EP19810108907 EP81108907A EP0055362B1 EP 0055362 B1 EP0055362 B1 EP 0055362B1 EP 19810108907 EP19810108907 EP 19810108907 EP 81108907 A EP81108907 A EP 81108907A EP 0055362 B1 EP0055362 B1 EP 0055362B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
loops
sheet material
height
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19810108907
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0055362A1 (fr
Inventor
S.A. Breveteam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Breveteam SA
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Breveteam SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Breveteam SA filed Critical Breveteam SA
Priority to AT81108907T priority Critical patent/ATE11059T1/de
Publication of EP0055362A1 publication Critical patent/EP0055362A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0055362B1 publication Critical patent/EP0055362B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
    • D04H11/08—Non-woven pile fabrics formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23929—Edge feature or configured or discontinuous surface
    • Y10T428/23936—Differential pile length or surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23979—Particular backing structure or composition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a textile fabric according to the preamble of claim 1, and to a fabric produced therewith.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a generic method for producing a fabric without the disadvantages of the known manufacturing process, with which a tufted product with a structure and / or pattern can be produced independently of the material already tufted or complex tufting processes and with a textile fabric is to be created which can be structured and / or patterned in a variety of ways on its upper side.
  • This object is achieved in a generic method in that some of the protruding pile loops are gripped by needles pushed through the backing layer from the back and their pile height is increased and the shape is changed, at least one which is not connected to the towed pile loop via a common base loop seized pole loop is drawn in the direction of the carrier layer.
  • the pile height and shape change can subsequently be carried out in a surprising manner on an already tufted product and, independently of a tufting process, the textile fabric with a structure and / or pattern, eg. B. a high-low structure.
  • the gripping of the pole loops according to the invention can advantageously produce an irregular structure that cannot be achieved by tufting alone.
  • the nature and character of the top of the tufted textile fabric can be changed in a simple manner, namely by simply inserting needles from the back of the carrier layer. The method therefore meets the requirement of generating a diverse structure and / or pattern regardless of the starting product which has already been tufted.
  • a product is thus created in which the different pile heights of the pile loops alternate unevenly and e.g. B. can be arbitrarily different pole heights, so that one can speak of "anarchically" existing pole heights.
  • the textile fabric allows a variety of uses and is z. B. in particular as a floor or wall covering or decorative or upholstery fabric in which a structure and / or pattern is desired.
  • the textile fabric is preferably in non-woven form.
  • the pole loops seized are increased in their pole height and at least one pole loop not seized is reduced in their pole height.
  • the different pole heights can be uneven, e.g. B. arbitrarily distributed in the top layer of the fabric.
  • the adjacent pole loop which has not been gripped can also be withdrawn entirely in or even through the carrier layer, so that a particularly pronounced uneven high-low structure can be achieved. In this way an irregular high-low structure can be achieved. So an un regular structure can be generated, as z. B. is used for carpeting.
  • a replenishment of pile yarn is required.
  • a portion of the pile yarn can be pulled over the common base loop from at least one pile loop which has not been gripped, since the pile loops can be tufted so that they can be pulled out, that is to say they are unsecured in the carrier layer and therefore unfixed in the same.
  • the shape of the pile loops can be changed in a particularly advantageous manner by the engagement of the needles, which can capture the pile loops in a way that the same z. B. plucked or roughened.
  • the pole loops can be shaped irregularly, e.g. B. be defaced and a further configuration of the structure and / or pattern can be achieved.
  • needles normal felting needles with barbs or special felting needles, such as. B. conventional Sidehoc needles, fork needles or loop needles such as z. B. from Singer Spezialnadelfabrik GmbH, D-5102 Würselen. After piercing through the carrier layer, the pole loops can be gripped at any point with such needles and their pole height and shape can be influenced.
  • Defacing the pile loops can be in the presence of a pile yarn made of synthetic fibers or filaments, for. B. multifilaments, which eliminates uniform appearance of the synthetic material and the appearance of a natural, fiber-spun yarn can be achieved.
  • the pole loops can be bent to the side so that they can take a substantially more horizontal direction.
  • a further structural revitalization can be achieved in this way.
  • a further reinforcement of the structuring can also be achieved in that the pole height of the gripped pole loops is increased with an unequal length, as a result of which a further disfigurement and / or anarchic arrangement of the same can be achieved.
  • the pile loops can be gripped with a needle density of 5 to 80 punctures / cm 2 , preferably 20 to 30 punctures / cm 2 , and 20 to 30% pile loops of the fabric can be gripped.
  • the textile fabric can therefore have 20 to 30% of the pile loops with a greater pile height than the other pile loops.
  • the pole loops with the larger pole height can have the irregular shape or shape described above.
  • the pole height can be increased by 20 to 100% compared to an original pole height. Is the original pole height z. B. 3 mm, the same with the inventive method on z. B. 5 to 6 mm enlarged or lengthened.
  • a finished, tufted product can be assumed and the same can be needled according to the invention.
  • the tufted product can therefore be stored in an advantageous manner and processed with the method according to the invention for the respective production of the patterned and / or structured textile fabric. But it can also tufted the pile yarn in the carrier layer in successive operations and z. B. immediately afterwards the pole height and shape of the pole loops can be changed by needling from the back of the carrier layer.
  • the tufted starting product can have pole loops with the same or different pole height, as z. B. can be achieved by the aforementioned tufting process.
  • a fiber material from a lower layer can be needled through the carrier layer into the upper layer with the pile loops in such a way that after changing the pile height and shape, at least some spaces in the upper layer are caused by needling delimited fiber structures fill out.
  • a textile fabric can be obtained in which the pile loops are mixed with delimited fiber structures, some of which are still in the lower layer and / or carrier layer and can be anchored there.
  • Such a method and product is e.g. B. is described in EP-A-0 054 686, to which reference is made here for a more detailed explanation.
  • the delimited fiber structures can also be designed in color if the delimited fiber structures z. B. a different color than the material of the pole loops or even have different colors.
  • the delimited fiber structures can not only in the upper layer itself, ie. B. between the pole loops of the same, but also on the top or even on the same, so that a variety of structuring and / or patterning options is given.
  • the delimited fiber structures can be needled into the upper layer at points of the pile loops with a reduced pile height.
  • spherical yarns made of spherically entangled fibers or threads can be defined as those Fiber structures are needled into free spaces in the upper layer, which, for. B. per se between the pile loops, but can only be created by the needles when needling according to the invention. Due to the needling of ball yarns from the back, a dot-like or spot-like pattern can advantageously be achieved.
  • the ball yarns are e.g. B. from EP-A-0 013 427 and from EP-A-0 013 428, to which reference is also made at this point for further explanation.
  • a pile yarn 1 is tufted into a carrier layer 2, so that an upper layer 4 with protruding pile loops 5 is formed on its upper side 3, have the same pile height H and are connected via base loops 6 on the lower side 7 of the carrier layer 2.
  • needles are inserted from the bottom 7 through the carrier layer 2, which are arranged in such a way that some of the pole loops are gripped and changed by the same, in particular pushed out of the carrier layer 2. Needling leads to a textile fabric 8, as shown in FIG. 2, in which the same parts as in FIG. 1 have the same reference numerals.
  • Pole loops 5a seized during needling are enlarged in their pole height, i.e. that is, the pile height thereof is greater than the pile height H before needling, as is shown for comparison by the pile loop 5 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 from FIG. 1.
  • at least one other pole loop 5b which was not gripped by the needles, i. that is, in an area without needle insertion or detection by the needles and which is connected to the respective pole loop 5a via the respective base loop 6, is reduced in its pole height compared to the original pole height H.
  • This reduction in the pile height of the pile loop 5b which has not been gripped takes place in that, when the pile height of the pile loop 5a gripped has been increased, a portion of the pile yarn 1 has been drawn or delivered via at least one pile loop 5b which has not been gripped via the common base loop 6.
  • the pole heights of both the pole loops 5a and the pole loops 5b are different from one another.
  • a textile fabric 8 is thus created, the top side 9 of which has uneven, different pile heights, which are uneven and irregular, e.g. B. arbitrarily distributed.
  • the needles can influence the loop shape and change more or less, e.g. B. irregular.
  • the pile yarn 1 z. B. attacked more or less easily, so that 5 tufts of fibers are formed on the pile loops 5a. This favors z. B. the formation of a structured surface and gives a product z. B. the appearance of natural fiber material when the polar 1 z. B. consists of synthetic fiber material.
  • the formation of the pole loops 5a depends z. B. on the type of pile yarn or the original pile loop 5, z. B. their arrangement or density, or from the needling conditions, for. B. the type of needles.
  • the textile fabric 8 therefore has a structure and / or pattern, which is characterized by the different pile heights of the pile loops 5a and 5b, and by the irregular shape of the pile loops 5a.
  • a pile yarn 12 is tufted into a carrier layer 13.
  • needles were pierced from the carrier layer 13, as was described in the preceding exemplary embodiment in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, so that the pile loops 16 and 17 different pole heights.
  • pole loops corresponding to pole loops 16 were gripped by needles and their pole height increased.
  • pole loops which were not seized and correspond to pole loops 17 were reduced in their pole height, i.
  • the pole loops 16 again have an irregular shape and tufts of fibers 20 which have arisen through gripping by means of the needles, as was described above in the exemplary embodiment for FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the irregular shape creates a structure which can give the textile fabric 11 the plucked or roughened appearance.
  • Fig. 4 shows a textile fabric 21 with a pile yarn 22, which is tufted into a carrier layer 23, so that in a top layer 24 there are 24 pile loops 25 and 26, which are via Ba g i-,
  • the previously tufted product was needled from the carrier layer 23 by inserting needles, as was described above in the exemplary embodiment for FIGS. 1 and 2, it again being possible to start from the tufted product according to FIG. 2.
  • the pole loops 25 gripped by the needles have a greater pole height than the pole loops 26 not gripped by the needles.
  • the pole loops 25 are preferably randomly and regularly distributed in the upper layer 24 and have different pole heights among themselves, which also applies to those not gripped Pole loops 26 is the case.
  • the different pole heights of the pole loops 25 and 26 are distributed unevenly or irregularly, so that an irregular structure or structure and / or pattern with an irregular appearance is produced.
  • an underlayer 30 is placed on the underside 31 of the carrier layer 23, in which the ball yarns 29 are embedded in a fiber material 32 for arrangement on the underside 31.
  • the ball yarns 29 are gripped by needles and z. B. pushed like a packet through the carrier layer 23. When gripped by the needles and forced through the carrier layer 23 z. B.
  • the ball yarns 29 can, for. B. Fill or fill in gaps between the pole loops 25 and 26 or over the pole loops 26 with the smaller pole height.
  • the textile fabric 21 therefore has a structure and / or pattern which is characterized by a combination of the different pile heights of the pile loops 25 and 26 with the ball yarns 29 introduced.
  • the needling to produce the pile loops 25 and 26 with different pile heights and the introduction of the ball yarns 29 into the upper layer 24 can therefore be used to achieve versatile, novel structures and / or patterns.
  • the pile loops and in FIG. 4 also the delimited fiber structures are shown in a schematic manner. In fact, they can be at different distances from each other or with different dimensions and e.g. B. be arranged closer or closer together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Embroidering For Embroidered Or Tufted Products (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Claims (17)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'une structure textile (8, 11, 21) possédant une structure et/ou un dessin sur sa face supérieure, avec un fil de poil (1, 12, 22) tufté dans une couche de support (2, 13, 23), afin de produire sur sa face supérieure, à l'intérieur d'une couche supérieure (4, 15, 24) des boucles de poils (5, 16, 17, 25, 26) tandis que des boucles de base (6, 19, 27) existent sur la face arriére de la couche de support (2, 13, 23), caractérisé par le fait qu'on saisit certaines boucles des poils en relief (5a, 16, 25) par des aiguilles traversant par l'arrière la couche de support (2, 13,23) affin d'augmenter la hauteur de leurs poils (H) et de modifier leur forme, alors qu'on ramène en direction de la couche de support (2,13,23) au moins une boucle de poil non saisie (5b, 17, 26) laquelle est maintenue avec la boucle de poil saisie (5a, 16, 25) par une boucle de base commune (6,19,27).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'on irrégularise la forme des boucles de poils saisies (5a, 16, 25), ceci par exemple par arrachage ou grattage.
3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'on augmente de longueurs inégales les hauteurs du poil des boucles saisies (5a, 16,25).
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'on saisit les boucles de poils (5a, 16, 25) avec une densité d'aiguilles comprise entre 5 et 80 piqûres/cm2, et de préférence entre 20 et 30 piqûres/cm2.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'on saisit une proportion de boucles de poils (5a, 16,25) de la structure textile (58, 11, 21), comprise entre 20 et 30%.
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'on augmente la hauteur du poil formé par les boucles de poils (5a, 16, 25) d'une valeur comprise entre 20 et 100% par rapport à la hauteur initiale du poil.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'après modification de hauteur du poil et de forme, on applique sur la face inférieure (31) de la couche de support (23) une sous-couche (30) contenant une matière fibreuse (32) et une structure fibreuse séparée (29), et on remplit au moins quelques unes des cavités existant dans la couche supérieure (24) par introduction par aiguilletage de structures fibreuses séparées (29) provenant de la sous-couche (30).
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait qu'on introduit les structures fibreuses séparées (29) par aiguilletage dans la couche supérieure (24) aux endroits où les boucles de poils (26) sont de hauteur réduite.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'on introduit des boules de fils (29) composés de fibres ou fils entremêlés sous forme sphérique par aiguilletage sous forme de structures fibreuses séparées dans les espaces, par exemple dans les espaces libres, de la couche supérieure (24).
10. Structure textile (8, 11, 21) formée d'un fil de poil (1, 12, 22) tufté dans une couche de support (2, 13, 23) formant sur la face supérieure de la structure textile (8, 11, 21) une couche supérieure (4, 15, 24) composée de boucles de poils en relief (5, 16, 17, 25, 26), fabriquée selon le procédé conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que la couche supérieure (4, 15, 24) comporte des boucles de poils (5a, 5b, 16, 17, 25, 26) de hauteurs différentes irrégulières (H).
11. Structure textile selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que les différentes hauteurs de poils (H) sont irrégulièrement, par exemple volontairement, distribuées.
12. Structure textile selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé par le fait que 20 à 30% des boucles de poils (5a, 16,25) de la structure textile (8, 11, 21) ont une plus grande hauteur de poil (H) que les autres boucles de poils (5b, 17,26).
13. Structure textile selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que les boucles de poils (5a, 16, 25) de plus grande hauteur (H) possèdent une forme irrégulière, par exemple une configuration arrachée ou grattée.
14. Structure textile selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé par le fait qu'il existe une sous-couche (30) contenant une matière fibreuse (32) et une structure fibreuse séparée (29), dans laquelle la structure fibreuse séparée (29) provenant de la sous-couche (30) s'étend à travers la couche de support (23) jusque dans la couche supérieure (24), et que les boucles de poils (25, 26) sont mélangées avec des structures fibreuses séparées (29) provenant de la sous-couche (30), tandis que les structures fibreuses séparées (29) sont ancrées en partie dans la sous-couche (30) et/ou dans la couche de support (23).
15. Structure textile selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait que les structures fibreuses séparées (29) se trouvent entre ou sur les boucles de poils (25, 26) par exemple sur la face supérieure de la couche supérieure (24).
16. Structure textile selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 ou 15, caractérisé par le fait que les structures fibreuses séparées sont constituées par des boules des fils (29) formés de fibres ou fils entremêlés sous forme sphérique.
17. Structure textile selon l'une quelconque des revendications 14 à 16, caractérisé par le fait que les structures fibreuses séparées (29) mélangées avec les boucles de poils (25, 26) ont une configuration différente de celle existant dans la sous-couche (30).
EP19810108907 1980-12-23 1981-10-26 Procédé de fabrication d'un produit textile plat ainsi que le produit textile ainsi fabriqué Expired EP0055362B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81108907T ATE11059T1 (de) 1980-12-23 1981-10-26 Verfahren zur herstellung eines textilen flaechengebildes sowie ein damit hergestelltes flaechengebilde.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH950780 1980-12-23
CH9507/80 1980-12-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0055362A1 EP0055362A1 (fr) 1982-07-07
EP0055362B1 true EP0055362B1 (fr) 1985-01-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810108907 Expired EP0055362B1 (fr) 1980-12-23 1981-10-26 Procédé de fabrication d'un produit textile plat ainsi que le produit textile ainsi fabriqué

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4433018A (fr)
EP (1) EP0055362B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE11059T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1165989A (fr)
DE (1) DE3168077D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007043566A1 (de) * 2007-06-04 2008-12-18 Vermop Salmon Gmbh Strukturierter mehrschichtiger Vliesstoff
DE102019118163A1 (de) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Adler Pelzer Holding Gmbh Kraftfahrzeug-Bodenverkleidung, Gepäckraumverkleidung oder Ladebodenverkleidung mit strukturgenadelter Teppich-Oberfläche (IV)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2649130B1 (fr) * 1989-06-30 1991-10-04 Sommer Sa Procede et dispositif de fabrication de produits textiles a partir de fibres et/ou filaments et produits obtenus
US5202077A (en) * 1990-07-10 1993-04-13 Milliken Research Corporation Method for removal of substrate material by means of heated pressurized fluid stream
EP0539942A1 (fr) * 1991-10-28 1993-05-05 J. Hardoncourt Trepagnier Etoffe à bandes
US5445860A (en) * 1992-12-29 1995-08-29 Gff Holding Company Tufted product having an improved backing
DE4305428C1 (de) * 1993-02-23 1994-07-28 Setpoint Ag Bodenbelag
MXPA05005748A (es) 2002-12-20 2005-08-16 Procter & Gamble Trama laminada con crestas.
US7838099B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2010-11-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Looped nonwoven web
US7507459B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2009-03-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Compression resistant nonwovens
CA2570480C (fr) * 2004-06-21 2011-08-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-tisses resistant a la compression
KR100848019B1 (ko) * 2004-06-21 2008-07-23 더 프록터 앤드 갬블 캄파니 루프형 부직포 웨브
FR3112350B1 (fr) * 2020-07-10 2022-09-23 Faurecia Automotive Ind Procédé de fabrication d’un revêtement intérieur à motif, notamment d’un revêtement de sol pour un véhicule automobile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3672929A (en) * 1970-12-10 1972-06-27 Microfibers Inc Flocked open looped pile fabric and method of making same
DE2411685B2 (de) * 1974-03-12 1976-09-02 Zocher, Josef, 5100 Aachen Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines nicht gewebten florstoffes
DE2452136A1 (de) * 1974-11-02 1976-05-06 Pegulan Werke Ag Mehrschichtiges textiles flaechengebilde und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007043566A1 (de) * 2007-06-04 2008-12-18 Vermop Salmon Gmbh Strukturierter mehrschichtiger Vliesstoff
DE102007043566B4 (de) * 2007-06-04 2011-07-21 VERMOP Salmon GmbH, 82205 Strukturierter mehrschichtiger Vliesstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE102019118163A1 (de) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Adler Pelzer Holding Gmbh Kraftfahrzeug-Bodenverkleidung, Gepäckraumverkleidung oder Ladebodenverkleidung mit strukturgenadelter Teppich-Oberfläche (IV)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0055362A1 (fr) 1982-07-07
US4433018A (en) 1984-02-21
DE3168077D1 (en) 1985-02-14
CA1165989A (fr) 1984-04-24
ATE11059T1 (de) 1985-01-15

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