EP0052514A1 - Méthode et appareil pour contrôler la coulée par centrifugation d'un tuyau métallique - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil pour contrôler la coulée par centrifugation d'un tuyau métallique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052514A1
EP0052514A1 EP81305434A EP81305434A EP0052514A1 EP 0052514 A1 EP0052514 A1 EP 0052514A1 EP 81305434 A EP81305434 A EP 81305434A EP 81305434 A EP81305434 A EP 81305434A EP 0052514 A1 EP0052514 A1 EP 0052514A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
time
trough
metal
bell
iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81305434A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0052514B1 (fr
Inventor
Thurman H. Upchurch
Gerardo A. Bianco
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Amsted Industries Inc
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Amsted Industries Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Amsted Industries Inc filed Critical Amsted Industries Inc
Publication of EP0052514A1 publication Critical patent/EP0052514A1/fr
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Publication of EP0052514B1 publication Critical patent/EP0052514B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/12—Controlling, supervising, specially adapted to centrifugal casting, e.g. for safety reasons

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the centrifugal casting of a metal pipe, for example an iron pipe.
  • This invention also relates to the control of such a casting process, whereby a uniform bell end of the cast pipe can be formed.
  • the centrifugal casting of an iron pipe having a bell end is accomplished by the use of a centrifugal casting machine.
  • the machine comprises a rotatable mould which is movable towards and away from an iron trough which is adapted to be inserted into the rotating mould. Molten iron is poured from a ladle into the iron trough and pours out of the end of the trough into the rotating mould.
  • the end of the pipe first formed is the bell end which has a core therein to ensure the accurate forming of the bell end. However, the core does not extend past the bell end into the remainder of the pipe.
  • the rate at which the casting machine mould is moved away from the iron trough end is determined by the design of the casting machine. For the present invention, this rate of movement is assumed to be a manually adjustable constant; once the bell end forming time has elapsed, the machine is moved away from the trough to form the length of the pipe.
  • the movement of the casting machine may be accomplished by a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic or electrical motor, or a combination of these devices. It is to be understood that in certain casting machines, the casting machine itself remains stationary, and the iron trough is moved away from the casting machine. The principles of the present invention are equally applicable to such an arrangement.
  • a major problem in the centrifugal casting process used to produce thin wall cast iron pipe is the control of the bell end wall thickness. Variations of parameters associated with both the molten iron such as temperature and the casting machine such as mould condition contribute to the unpredictability of the bell end wall thickness.
  • parameters associated with both the molten iron such as temperature and the casting machine such as mould condition contribute to the unpredictability of the bell end wall thickness.
  • initial flow rates are about 200 pounds (90.9 kg) of iron per second.
  • a core is present to form the bell, but the core does not extend into the laying length of the pipe directly adjacent the bell.
  • the dwell time of the casting machine in forming the actual bell is critical to wall thickness. Due to the magnitude of the flow parameters and the fact that the tolerances in wall thickness for cast iron water pipe are from 0.04 - 0.08 inch (0.10 - 0.20 cm), it is all but impossible to expect a human to be able to accurately control the casting operation.
  • a second method utilizes a timer triggered by an electric eye aimed to sight the molten iron entering the mould.
  • Bell forming dwell time is set by the operator prior to the start of the pouring. The operator's expertise is necessary to set the dwell time according to changes in the iron and machine parameters. This method shows improvement over the manual reverse method, but changes in the pouring cadence, iron control and machine control can contribute to unacceptable results similar to the manual reverse method.
  • the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for the automated control of the centrifugal casting of iron pipe.
  • the time during which the casting machine is not moved after pouring is initiated has been found to be critical to the formation of the bell end of the pipe. This time is called the bell forming dwell time or the flagging time for the pipe.
  • the reason that this time is so critical is that the molten iron flows extremely rapidly, and the starting of the casting machine moving away from the end of the iron trough a fraction of a second too soon or too late can result in a scrapped pipe due to too thin or too thick a pipe section adjacent to the bell end.
  • the amount of iron that flows during any particular pouring is proportional to the time that the molten iron takes to run through the iron trough.
  • the length of the iron trough is known, and the amount of iron that will flow through the trough in a given time is directly proportional to that time.
  • a method of controlling the centrifugal casting of a metal pipe having a bell end, wherein molten metal is supplied to a centrifugal casting machine through a trough comprising determining a relationship relating the flow velocity of the molten metal in the trough and the bell forming time and storing said relationship for reference, and during casting determining a value related to the actual flow velocity of molten metal in the trough, computing from said value by reference to said stored relationship an optimum bell forming time, and controlling initiation of relative movement of the trough and casting machine in accordance with the computed optimum bell forming time.
  • the value related to the flow velocity may be determined by measuring the time elapsed for the iron to pass between two spaced points on the iron trough of the casting machine.
  • a first photoelectric cell provides a signal when the iron begins to flow over the lip of a downchute upstream of the trough and a second photoelectric cell provides a signal when the iron reaches the end of the trough which is surrounded by the casting machine mould.
  • the control of the centrifugal casting operation is accomplished by a computer.
  • Bell forming time algorithms are developed and stored in the computer for each casting machine and for each pipe size and class.
  • a target bell forming time is established and stored in the computer.
  • the actual iron velocity measured for each particular pipe being cast is compared with the target iron velocity. If the actual velocity is greater than the target velocity, the bell forming time will be automatically decreased by the computer, and the casting machine will be moved away from the iron trough sooner to form the length of the pipe. This avoids the pipe wall near the bell end being too thick. If the actual velocity is less than the target velocity, the bell forming time will be automatically increased by the computer, and the casting machine will not be moved away from the iron trough until additional iron flows to form the length of the pipe. This avoids the pipe wall being too thin.
  • the present invention provides an accurate control over the centrifugal casting of iron pipe.
  • the molten metal velocity is measured on a real time basis for each pipe as it is being cast, and the optimal bell forming time is computed. This information is relayed to the casting machine, which is rolled away from the trough to form the length of the pipe after the bell end of the pipe has been formed.
  • a molten iron ladle 10 contains molten iron 12 which is poured into an iron downchute 14.
  • the molten iron 12 flows from the downchute 14 into an iron trough 15.
  • a casting machine 20 comprises a top frame 22 and a bottom frame 24.
  • a motor 26 is mounted on the top frame 22 for rotating a mould 28.
  • a core 30 is held in the bell end of the casting mould 28 to form the bell end 32 of the pipe casting.
  • the casting machine 20 is mounted on wheels 34 which enable the casting machine 20 to roll in the direction of arrow 36 away from the trough 15.
  • the casting machine 20 is held in the full iron trough 15 inserted position by a release mechanism (not shown), for example a hydraulic brake.
  • the casting machine 20 is rolled into the full iron trough inserted position shown in Figure 1 by a drive system such as a hydraulic cylinder or a hydraulic or electric motor (not shown), and by the engaging of the release mechanism, the casting machine 20 is held in this position. Upon the disengaging of the release mechanism, the casting machine 20 is rolled in the direction of arrow 36 by the drive system. Because the iron trough 15 does not move, the length of the pipe being cast is formed during the rolling movement of casting machine 20. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the casting machine remains stationary and the iron trough is movable.
  • a photoelectric cell 40 is positioned to provide a signal when molten iron 12 first passes into the iron downchute 14. This signal is transmitted to a computer 44.
  • a second photoelectric cell 42 is positioned to provide a signal when molten iron 12 first enters the pipe casting mould where the bell end 32 of the pipe casting is being formed. The elapsed time between the signals from the photoelectric cells 40 and 42 is representative of the flow velocity of molten iron in the trough 15.
  • An input console 46 is utilized to store standard bell forming times for each casting machine controlled and for each pipe size and class. It is possible for a single computer 44 to control several casting machines 20.
  • the computer In computing the bell forming time, the computer has stored a standard bell forming time BTo' for a given pipe size and class and for a particular casting machine.
  • the iron flow time for that casting machine is also stored in the computer as ITo.
  • ITo When the signals from photoelectric cells 40 and 42 are compared, the actual iron flow time is easily calculable on a real time basis for the actual pipe being cast.
  • the time between photoelectric signals would be greater than the standard time.
  • This increased flow time is shown as IT2 in Figure 2.
  • the computer stored relationship between iron flow time and bell forming time would automatically increase the bell forming time to BT2'.
  • a signal 52 would be sent to the casting machine release mechanism at time BT2' to disengage the mechanism and permit movement of the casting machine 20 in direction 36. This action would prevent too thin a pipe wall from being formed in the pipe length near bell end 32.
  • the signal 52 serves to initiate relative movement of the trough 15 and casting machine 20 at the end of the optimum bell forming time.
  • iron flow time IT is the standard iron flow time for the particular casting machine
  • ITA is the actual iron flow time measured by the photoelectric cells
  • BTs is the standard bell forming time for the particular casting machine and for the size and class of pipe being cast
  • BTA is the optimum bell forming time given the actual iron flow time:
  • the actual bell forming time will be increased to compensate for the more slowly flowing iron. If the actual iron flow time as measured is less than the standard flow time, the actual bell forming time will be decreased to compensate for the faster flowing iron.
  • the constant K is determined from a study of the particular casting machine and the size and class of pipe being cast.
  • the computer In computing the bell forming time, the computer has stored a standard bell forming time BTo for a given pipe size and class and for a particular casting machine.
  • the iron velocity for that casting machine is also stored in the computer as Vo.
  • the iron velocity is easily calculable on a real time basis for the actual pipe being cast.
  • the relation between iron velocity and bell forming time BT is a linear one.
  • Vs is standard iron velocity for the particular casting machine
  • VA is the actual iron velocity measured by the photoelectric cells
  • Ts is the standard bell forming time for the particular casting machine and for the size and class of pipe being cast
  • TA is the optimum bell forming time given the actual iron velocity:
  • the actual bell -forming time will be increased to compensate for the more slowly flowing iron. If the actual iron velocity as measured is greater than the standard velocity, the actual bell forming time will be decreased to compensate for the faster flowing iron.
  • K' is determined from a study of the particular casting machine and the size and class of pipe being cast.
  • iron flow time or velocity is not necessarily linear. Only a study of the particular casting machine to be controlled can produce the particular relations. However, what is important is that the only input that need be studied is the iron flow time or velocity. Once the time difference is known, the velocity is of course proportional to the inverse of this time difference. Complex measurements of the volume of iron being poured are not required to control the centrifugal casting process. For any casting machine, the volume of iron which flows in any given time period is the same, within acceptable limits.
  • the centrifugal casting process can be controlled in the aspect of exactly determining when the pipe bell has been accurately formed and the casting machine should be allowed to be rolled away from the iron trough and thusly form the rest of the length of the pipe.
  • the casting machine should be allowed to be rolled away from the iron trough and thusly form the rest of the length of the pipe.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
EP81305434A 1980-11-17 1981-11-17 Méthode et appareil pour contrôler la coulée par centrifugation d'un tuyau métallique Expired EP0052514B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US207389 1980-11-17
US06/207,389 US4370719A (en) 1980-11-17 1980-11-17 Control of centrifugal pipe casting operation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0052514A1 true EP0052514A1 (fr) 1982-05-26
EP0052514B1 EP0052514B1 (fr) 1984-08-15

Family

ID=22770349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81305434A Expired EP0052514B1 (fr) 1980-11-17 1981-11-17 Méthode et appareil pour contrôler la coulée par centrifugation d'un tuyau métallique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4370719A (fr)
EP (1) EP0052514B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6059067B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR860002045B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1170425A (fr)
DE (1) DE3165586D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0115312A1 (fr) * 1983-01-28 1984-08-08 Asea Ab Procédé de coulée centrifuge

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62164573U (fr) * 1986-04-07 1987-10-19
US8567155B2 (en) 2006-07-19 2013-10-29 Tom W Waugh Centrifugally cast pole and method
US8376024B1 (en) 2011-12-31 2013-02-19 Charles Earl Bates Foundry mold insulating coating
CN102756107A (zh) * 2012-06-18 2012-10-31 唐山钢铁集团微尔自动化有限公司 离心铸机温度控制装置
CN102935497A (zh) * 2012-10-31 2013-02-20 新兴河北工程技术有限公司 球墨铸铁管壁厚控制方法
US8833433B2 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-09-16 Charles Earl Bates Foundry mold insulating coating
US8910699B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-12-16 United States Pipe And Foundry Company, Llc Centrifugal casting method and apparatus
US8733424B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-05-27 United States Pipe And Foundry Company, Llc Centrifugal casting method and apparatus
CN109500372B (zh) * 2019-01-16 2021-02-12 济南隆超石油机械锻造有限公司 一种移动式浇筑口离心铸造机
CN112719234B (zh) * 2020-12-29 2023-10-17 武冈市金帆制造有限公司 一种建筑用钢管的铸造装置及其铸造方法
US11491535B1 (en) 2021-07-12 2022-11-08 United States Pipe And Foundry Company, Llc Method and apparatus for estimating dimensional uniformity of cast object

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR660197A (fr) * 1928-06-20 1929-07-08 Alti Forni Fonderie Soc Machine pour la fusion centrifugée de corps creux
US2763041A (en) * 1949-08-12 1956-09-18 Doat Robert Automatic casting apparatus
FR1260204A (fr) * 1960-03-25 1961-05-05 Cie De Pont A Mousson Dispositif perfectionné de commande de poche d'alimentation en métal fondu pour machine à couler par centrifugation
DE1266932B (de) * 1964-03-28 1968-04-25 Rheinstahl Huettenwerke Ag Einrichtung zum elektronischen Regeln der Fahrgeschwindigkeit zwischen Giessrinne und Kokille einer Schleudergiessmaschine

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2943369A (en) * 1959-06-01 1960-07-05 United States Pipe Foundry Apparatus for centrifugal casting of pipe
US3478808A (en) * 1964-10-08 1969-11-18 Bunker Ramo Method of continuously casting steel
US4036279A (en) * 1976-09-08 1977-07-19 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method of treating molten metal in centrifugal castings
FR2459698A1 (fr) * 1979-06-25 1981-01-16 Pont A Mousson Procede et installation de coulee centrifuge

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR660197A (fr) * 1928-06-20 1929-07-08 Alti Forni Fonderie Soc Machine pour la fusion centrifugée de corps creux
US2763041A (en) * 1949-08-12 1956-09-18 Doat Robert Automatic casting apparatus
FR1260204A (fr) * 1960-03-25 1961-05-05 Cie De Pont A Mousson Dispositif perfectionné de commande de poche d'alimentation en métal fondu pour machine à couler par centrifugation
DE1266932B (de) * 1964-03-28 1968-04-25 Rheinstahl Huettenwerke Ag Einrichtung zum elektronischen Regeln der Fahrgeschwindigkeit zwischen Giessrinne und Kokille einer Schleudergiessmaschine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0115312A1 (fr) * 1983-01-28 1984-08-08 Asea Ab Procédé de coulée centrifuge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0052514B1 (fr) 1984-08-15
JPS6059067B2 (ja) 1985-12-23
KR860002045B1 (ko) 1986-11-20
CA1170425A (fr) 1984-07-10
DE3165586D1 (en) 1984-09-20
US4370719A (en) 1983-01-25
KR830007183A (ko) 1983-10-14
JPS57109557A (en) 1982-07-08

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