EP0051463A2 - Sedimentieren flüssiger Dispersionen - Google Patents

Sedimentieren flüssiger Dispersionen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051463A2
EP0051463A2 EP81305155A EP81305155A EP0051463A2 EP 0051463 A2 EP0051463 A2 EP 0051463A2 EP 81305155 A EP81305155 A EP 81305155A EP 81305155 A EP81305155 A EP 81305155A EP 0051463 A2 EP0051463 A2 EP 0051463A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dispersion
electrodes
pair
electrostatic field
flow path
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81305155A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0051463A3 (en
EP0051463B1 (de
Inventor
Philip Jensen Bailes
Samuel Kojo Larley Larkai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Bradford
Original Assignee
University of Bradford
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Bradford filed Critical University of Bradford
Priority to AT81305155T priority Critical patent/ATE29673T1/de
Publication of EP0051463A2 publication Critical patent/EP0051463A2/de
Publication of EP0051463A3 publication Critical patent/EP0051463A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0051463B1 publication Critical patent/EP0051463B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/06—Separation of liquids from each other by electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G33/00—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G33/02—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with electrical or magnetic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for settling liquid dispersions or emulsions and particularly separating two immiscible or partially miscible liquids.
  • pulsed d.c. fields has also been proposed, the frequency of such fields being of the order of lO kilohertz (kHz).
  • apparatus for aiding the separation of the components of a liquid dispersion, the apparatus comprising means for passing said dispersion along a flow path, and at least one pair of electrodes for applying a unidirectional, varying electrostatic field across at least a portion of the flow path, at least one of the or each pair of electrodes being arranged so that, in use, it is separated from the dispersion by a layer of insulating material.
  • the present invention also provides a method for aiding the separation of the components of a liquid dispersion, the method comprising passing said dispersion along a flow path and applying by means of at least one pair of electrodes a unidirectional, varying electrostatic field across at least a portion of the flow path, at least one of the or each pair of electrodes being arranged so that it is separated from the dispersion by a layer of insulating material.
  • the invention involves the combination of three factors to give an unexpected and highly efficient method of liquid phase separation.
  • the factors are firstly that the electric field applied across the dispersion must be unidirectional. Secondly, this field must be fluctuating, for instance, regular or irregular variation of the voltage level. Preferably the variation is periodic and more preferably pulsed between zero voltage and some appropriate high voltage at a predetermined constant frequency. Finally, the high voltage electrode or both electrodes must be separated from the dispersion and thereby prohibited from contacting the dispersion by a layer of insulating material, for example, perspex or air.
  • the liquid dispersion is a dispersion of one or more electrically conducting liquids in one or more less electrically conducting liquids. More preferably the liquid dispersion is a dispersion of an electrically conducting liquid in an electrically insulating liquid.
  • the apparatus is particularly well-suited to the treatment of dispersions where the volume of conducting liquid as a percentage of the total volume of dispersion is high, for example, 50%.
  • the degree of liquid phase separation within the apparatus is controlled by the frequency and magnitude of said variation of the electrostatic field.
  • the frequency at which the electric field is varied can have a specific value for which phase separation is optimum.
  • This optimum frequency depends on the thickness and electrical properties of the electrode insulation and on the properties of the dispersion that is being treated.
  • typically a preferred frequency of variation of the electrostatic field is between 30 Hz and 1 Hz. More preferably it is between 20 Hz and 1.5 Hz and most preferably it is between 15 Hz and 2 Hz. It should be appreciated, however, that the optimum frequency may well lie outside the above preferred ranges, and in any case good results may be obtained at frequencies other than the optimum frequency.
  • phase separation performance can be expected to be very sensitive to the frequency of the electric field fluctuation. For any particular operating voltage there is an optimum frequency, where the operating voltage is above or below 300 volts per cm.
  • the higher the voltage the better the separation of the phases but it is preferred to use the lower voltages having regard to factors such as safety, capital costs and operating costs. Having regard to these factors the preferred electric field strength across the flow path is below 1100 volts per cm. More preferably it is below 500 volts per cm and most preferably it is below 100 volts per cm.
  • apparatus in accordance with the present invention effects separation of the components of a dispersion at much lower frequencies than had previously been considered. Furthermore separation at much lower frequencies has led to the appreciation that dispersions can be efficiently separated into their component liquids at field strengths far below those previously employed. Furthermore the equipment is safer to operate because of the avoidance of very high voltages in an environment in which flammable organic materials are likely to be present.
  • This invention also provides a process for aiding the separation of the components of a liquid dispersion, the process comprising passing the dispersion along a flow path, and applying across at least a portion of the flow path a varying electrostatic field.
  • Apparatus and processes in accordance with the present invention may be used in many situations where a mixture of two or more liquids is to be separated into its component liquids. Examples are as follows:
  • Apparatus in accordance with the present invention may be used alone or in conjunction with a settling tank depending upon the degree of separation effected by the application of the electrostatic field.
  • a dispersion may be passed along a duct between a pair, or a plurality of pairs, of electrodes and then fed from the duct into a settling tank which may be provided with one or more baffles positioned close to the point of entry of the liquid mixture into the tank in order to reduce the turbulence in the tank.
  • Each separated liquid phase can be drawn off at an appropriate rate in order to keep the total volume of the liquid in the tank substantially constant.
  • apparatus in accordance with the present invention comprises mixer container 1 into which the two immiscible liquids are fed.
  • the liquids are intimately mixed by agitator 2 driven at high speed by mixer motor 3.
  • the resultant dispersion is then fed through a tube 4 into an electrostatic coalescer 5.
  • Coalescer 5 includes a shallow perspex "duct" 5a / which is approximately square in plan and which is located on a support 6 so as to be inclined gently upwards in the direction of the liquid flow.
  • Metal plates (not shown) are located on the exterior surface of the top and the interior surface of the base of the duct 5a, the upper metal plate being charged and the lower metal plate being earthed.
  • Drain valve 8 This may be used to drain the contents of the coalescer at shut down and could be used to remove coalesced aqueous or conducting phase in order to keep the surface of the aqueous phase at a constant level in the duct.
  • exit pipe 9 leading to a settler tank 10.
  • Tank 10 has located therein vertical baffles lla and llb which define portions 11c and 11d of the tank. Within portion llc the turbulence of the liquid being fed into the tank through tube 9 is dissipated. In portion 11d there is, during operation of the apparatus, set up a steady state position in which dispersion 12 lies between organic phase 13 and aqueous phase 14. The depth of dispersion 12 may be used as a measure of the effectiveness of the apparatus in achieving separation of the dispersion into its component phases. The smaller the depth of the dispersion the more effective is the electrostatic coalescer 5.
  • a further baffle lie allows organic phase 13 to accumulate in portion llf of tank 10 and to be led off therefrom through pipe 16.
  • Aqueous phase may be led off from a central portion of the tank between baffles llb and lie through pipe 15.
  • the electrical circuit used to charge up plate 5 of the electrostatic coalescer is shown in Figure 2.
  • a variable supply from an EHT generator of up to 15 kilovolts is alternately switched on and off by means of a shunt stabilised triode 20 as used in colour television EHT valves.
  • the grid of the triode is connected to a signal generator 23 with a range of frequencies of from 0.5 to 60 hertz, the generator being in parallel with a 1 M ⁇ resistor 24.
  • the cathode 26 of the valve is connected to earth and is heated by a 7.3 volt a.c. heater 27.
  • the anode 22 of the valve is connected in series with a 100 M ⁇ resistor 19 and thence to the EHT input.
  • the voltage on the anode is fed via line 21 to the top plate of the electrostatic coalescer 5.
  • the supply to the triode heater 27 can be derived by any suitable means.
  • the heater supply is derived from an a.c. main supply of the standard 240 V, 50 Hz.
  • terminal 34 is the live terminal
  • terminal 35 is neutral
  • 36 is earth.
  • the lead from the live terminal 36 is taken to a first terminal of the primary winding 29 of a 7.3 V a.c. 0.3A transformer, via a main ON/ OFF switch 33 and a 1A fuse 32 in series with the live supply lead.
  • the second terminal of the primary winding 29 of the transformer is led via a.second pole of the previously mentioned ON/OFF switch 33 to the neutral terminal 35.
  • Comprising the remainder of the transformer assembly is an iron core and secondary winding 28.
  • a first terminal of secondary winding 28 is connected to earth rail 36.
  • the second terminal of secondary winding 28 is connected to a first terminal of triode heater element 27, the second terminal of heater element 27 being connected to earth rail 36.
  • connection of the mains a.c. supply to primary winding 29 induces an a.c. voltage across secondary winding 28 of, in this case, 7.3 V. This causes an alternating current to flow through heater element 27, thus generating heat energy which may be transmitted to electrons on cathode 26.
  • the above-described control circuit for the electrostatic coalescer operates to connect the top plate electrode alternately to ground, via the triode valve, and to the supply from the EHT generator. The result is that a pulsed d.c. unidirectional current is delivered to this electrode, the pulses being of substantially square wave form (see Figure 3).
  • Table 1 illustrates the results obtainable using the above-described apparatus on the second of the dispersions described above.
  • the peak electric field values given in Table 1 are those obtaining inside duct 5a as measured by the probes 7.
  • the reduction in dispersion band depth is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the depth of dispersion 12 in tank 10 when the electrostatic field is applied across duct 5a to the depth when the field is not so applied.
  • Apparatus in accordance with the present invention may or may not include a settling tank of a size appropriate for the process in which the apparatus is to be used. Having regard to the extent of settling achieved by the application of the electrostatic field, such a settling tank where it is included can be of substantially smaller capacity than those which would have been necessary without the use of the electrostatic field to effect precoalescing of the dispersed phase.
  • Apparatus in accordance with the present invention may, instead of including its own settling tank, be added to existing equipment including settling tanks.
  • the addition of such apparatus will enable the settling stage of the overall process to be effected very much more rapidly for a given throughput, and in practice the throughput of the overall process can be greatly increased.
  • Apparatus in accordance with the present invention when added to existing equipment including settling tanks may take a form where one electrode is suspended above said equipment, insulated from the liquid contents by air or an inert gaseous atmosphere.
  • the fluctuating unidirectional electrostatic field can be applied between suitably insulated wires immersed in the flow path of the dispersion, the electrical connections and spatial arrangement of said wires being such that they form a plurality of pairs of electrodes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
EP81305155A 1980-11-01 1981-10-30 Sedimentieren flüssiger Dispersionen Expired EP0051463B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81305155T ATE29673T1 (de) 1980-11-01 1981-10-30 Sedimentieren fluessiger dispersionen.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8035196 1980-11-01
GB8035196 1980-11-01
GB8123653 1981-08-03
GB8123653 1981-08-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051463A2 true EP0051463A2 (de) 1982-05-12
EP0051463A3 EP0051463A3 (en) 1983-01-26
EP0051463B1 EP0051463B1 (de) 1987-09-16

Family

ID=26277394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81305155A Expired EP0051463B1 (de) 1980-11-01 1981-10-30 Sedimentieren flüssiger Dispersionen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4601834A (de)
EP (1) EP0051463B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1176205A (de)
DE (1) DE3176445D1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2143157A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-02-06 Electricity Council Electrostatically removing water from oil
EP0148380A2 (de) * 1983-12-09 1985-07-17 Heinz Doevenspeck Elektroimpulsverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Stoffen
GB2171031A (en) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-20 Univ Bradford Electrostatic separation of liquid dispersions
DE3709456A1 (de) * 1987-03-23 1988-10-06 Univ Hannover Verfahren und vorrichtung zur spaltung von fluessigmembranemulsionen aus metallextraktionsprozessen
AT390013B (de) * 1988-06-03 1990-03-12 Rolf Dipl Ing Dr Techn Marr Verfahren und vorrichtung zur spaltung von emulsionen
NL1003591C2 (nl) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-21 Dsm Nv Electrostatische coalescentie.
US6428669B2 (en) 1999-12-27 2002-08-06 Abb Research Ltd Method for separating the constituents of a dispersion
WO2002089947A1 (en) * 2001-05-04 2002-11-14 Abb Research Ltd. A device for coalescing a fluid
WO2007017230A2 (de) 2005-08-08 2007-02-15 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Bildung einer emulsion in einem fluidischen mikrosystem

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3635450A1 (de) * 1986-10-18 1988-04-21 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur selektiven gewinnung von germanium und/oder arsen aus waessrigen loesungen
US4865747A (en) * 1988-01-27 1989-09-12 Aqua-D Corp. Electromagnetic fluid treating device and method
US4960524A (en) * 1988-04-18 1990-10-02 Inculet Ion I Method for soil consolidation
US4963268A (en) * 1988-04-20 1990-10-16 Aqua Dynamics Group Corp. Method and system for variable frequency electromagnetic water treatment
US4865748A (en) * 1988-04-20 1989-09-12 Aqua-D Corp. Method and system for variable frequency electromagnetic water treatment
US5113751A (en) * 1990-05-31 1992-05-19 Aqua Dynamics Group Corp. Beverage brewing system
GB9206335D0 (en) * 1992-03-24 1992-05-06 Univ Bradford Resolution of emulsions
US5575896A (en) * 1994-04-06 1996-11-19 National Tank Company Method and apparatus for oil/water separation using a dual electrode centrifugal coalescer
US5565078A (en) * 1994-04-06 1996-10-15 National Tank Company Apparatus for augmenting the coalescence of water in a water-in-oil emulsion
US5861087A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-01-19 National Tank Company Apparatus for augmenting the coalescence of a component of an oil/water mixture
NO312404B1 (no) * 2000-05-05 2002-05-06 Aibel As In-line elektrostatiske koalescer med doble heliske elektroder
US20030089650A1 (en) * 2001-10-02 2003-05-15 Renfro William Leonard Automatic, renewable separation & filtration system for liquids
NO316837B1 (no) * 2001-10-17 2004-05-24 Norsk Hydro As Anordning for separasjon av fluider
US7351320B2 (en) * 2002-08-07 2008-04-01 National Tank Company Multiple frequency electrostatic coalescence
US7758738B2 (en) 2002-08-07 2010-07-20 National Tank Company Separating multiple components of a stream
US6860979B2 (en) * 2002-08-07 2005-03-01 National Tank Company Dual frequency electrostatic coalescence
NO318190B1 (no) * 2003-07-09 2005-02-14 Norsk Hydro As Rorseparator
FR2871070B1 (fr) * 2004-06-02 2007-02-16 Commissariat Energie Atomique Microdispositif et procede de separation d'emulsion
US8591714B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2013-11-26 National Tank Company High velocity electrostatic coalescing oil/water separator
DE102011008183A1 (de) * 2011-01-10 2012-07-12 New Environmental Technology Gmbh Kontinuierliche Aufbereitung eines Kühlschmierstoffs
US9095790B2 (en) 2012-06-08 2015-08-04 Cameron International Corporation High velocity electrostatic coalescing oil/water separator

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191313564A (en) * 1913-06-12 1914-06-11 Cyril Yeoman Improvements in Life Saving Attachments for Wheeled Vehicles.
DE733842C (de) * 1935-09-05 1943-04-02 Erdoelproduktions Ges M B H Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Abscheidung von Wasser und Feststoffen aus Erdoelemulsionen
US2364118A (en) * 1939-04-05 1944-12-05 Petrolite Corp Method and apparatus for electrically treating fluids
BE674733A (de) * 1964-09-10 1966-07-04
DE2743417A1 (de) * 1977-09-27 1979-04-05 Maloney Crawford Corp Vorrichtung zur trennbehandlung von emulsionen
US4226690A (en) * 1979-05-29 1980-10-07 Petrolite Corporation Process for dehydration and demineralization of diluted bitumen

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191313465A (en) * 1913-06-10 1914-06-10 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to the Separation of Liquid Suspensions.
US4283290A (en) * 1977-07-06 1981-08-11 Davy International (Oil & Chemicals) Ltd. Purification utilizing liquid membrane with electrostatic coalescence
GB1582040A (en) * 1977-09-06 1980-12-31 Maloney Crawford Corp Dual field electric treater
US4290882A (en) * 1978-12-21 1981-09-22 Davy Powergas Inc. Electrostatic separation of impurities phase from liquid-liquid extraction

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191313564A (en) * 1913-06-12 1914-06-11 Cyril Yeoman Improvements in Life Saving Attachments for Wheeled Vehicles.
DE733842C (de) * 1935-09-05 1943-04-02 Erdoelproduktions Ges M B H Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Abscheidung von Wasser und Feststoffen aus Erdoelemulsionen
US2364118A (en) * 1939-04-05 1944-12-05 Petrolite Corp Method and apparatus for electrically treating fluids
BE674733A (de) * 1964-09-10 1966-07-04
DE2743417A1 (de) * 1977-09-27 1979-04-05 Maloney Crawford Corp Vorrichtung zur trennbehandlung von emulsionen
US4226690A (en) * 1979-05-29 1980-10-07 Petrolite Corporation Process for dehydration and demineralization of diluted bitumen

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2143157A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-02-06 Electricity Council Electrostatically removing water from oil
EP0148380A2 (de) * 1983-12-09 1985-07-17 Heinz Doevenspeck Elektroimpulsverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Stoffen
EP0148380A3 (en) * 1983-12-09 1986-03-05 Heinz Doevenspeck Electroimpulse process, and device for treating material with it
GB2171031A (en) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-20 Univ Bradford Electrostatic separation of liquid dispersions
GB2171031B (en) * 1985-02-20 1989-07-05 Univ Bradford Settling of liquid dispersions
DE3709456A1 (de) * 1987-03-23 1988-10-06 Univ Hannover Verfahren und vorrichtung zur spaltung von fluessigmembranemulsionen aus metallextraktionsprozessen
AT390013B (de) * 1988-06-03 1990-03-12 Rolf Dipl Ing Dr Techn Marr Verfahren und vorrichtung zur spaltung von emulsionen
NL1003591C2 (nl) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-21 Dsm Nv Electrostatische coalescentie.
WO1998002225A1 (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-22 Dsm N.V. Electrostatic coalescence
US6428669B2 (en) 1999-12-27 2002-08-06 Abb Research Ltd Method for separating the constituents of a dispersion
WO2002089947A1 (en) * 2001-05-04 2002-11-14 Abb Research Ltd. A device for coalescing a fluid
US7520985B2 (en) 2001-05-04 2009-04-21 Aibel As Device for coalescing a fluid
WO2007017230A2 (de) 2005-08-08 2007-02-15 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Bildung einer emulsion in einem fluidischen mikrosystem
WO2007017230A3 (de) * 2005-08-08 2007-04-12 Max Planck Gesellschaft Bildung einer emulsion in einem fluidischen mikrosystem
US7943671B2 (en) 2005-08-08 2011-05-17 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. Formation of an emulsion in a fluid microsystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3176445D1 (en) 1987-10-22
EP0051463A3 (en) 1983-01-26
US4601834A (en) 1986-07-22
CA1176205A (en) 1984-10-16
EP0051463B1 (de) 1987-09-16

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