EP0051324B1 - Brandmasse mit einem metallischen Brennstoff aus der Gruppe IVA des periodischen Systems - Google Patents
Brandmasse mit einem metallischen Brennstoff aus der Gruppe IVA des periodischen Systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0051324B1 EP0051324B1 EP81200996A EP81200996A EP0051324B1 EP 0051324 B1 EP0051324 B1 EP 0051324B1 EP 81200996 A EP81200996 A EP 81200996A EP 81200996 A EP81200996 A EP 81200996A EP 0051324 B1 EP0051324 B1 EP 0051324B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- incendiary
- group iva
- periodic system
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical group CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C15/00—Pyrophoric compositions; Flints
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
- Y10S149/114—Inorganic fuel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a compressible fire mass, with a metallic fuel of group IVA of the periodic system and an organic binder.
- the metals used are preferably titanium and zircon.
- the preferred binder is polyvinyl acetate.
- this fire mass is preferably arranged in a projectile or warhead together with an explosive explosive. But it can also be pressed into the cavity of a projectile that does not contain explosives, e.g. B. armor-piercing projectiles without explosives.
- the detonative or mechanical fragmentation of the projectile or warhead in or near the target creates not only the splinters, but also rapidly flying fire mass particles that burn autonomously in the air. This creates a fire effect that is extensive in terms of space and time.
- a known fire mass of this type contains an organic binder and a metal sponge z.
- Known sliver fire ammunition contains mixtures of highly explosive explosives such as hexogen, octogen, trotyl and aluminum powder.
- highly explosive explosives such as hexogen, octogen, trotyl and aluminum powder.
- the addition of metal increases the blowing effect and extends the flame burning time from 1 ms to 15 ms. This increases the likelihood of ignition for combustible material in the target - e.g. B. leaking fuel - enlarged.
- fluorinated binders is said to aid combustion by forming the tetrafluoride of the corresponding metal.
- metals in the form of coarse-grained, porous, sponge-like particles with a particle size of 0.05-8 mm the aim is to extend the burning time.
- the use of a metal sponge is not absolutely necessary and that too much binder has an unfavorable influence on the effect of the combustible metal particles, in particular on the burning time and the flight distance.
- the binder must therefore be used in the lowest possible concentration, which still ensures that the metal powder can be pressed sufficiently.
- the proportion of the binder in the fire mass is therefore less than 2% by mass.
- the binder can be mixed in the usual way as a lacquer solution with the metal powder. By sieving and removing the solvent at elevated temperature, a compressible granulate is created.
- halogen-containing binders do not effectively support the combustion of the metals. This can also be derived from the volume and mass-specific reaction enthalpies.
- the metal fluorides formed are volatile and withdraw energy from the system when they evaporate.
- the organic binder used according to the invention is therefore halogen-free.
- the metal sponges used for the production of fire masses can be replaced by metal powder of pyrotechnic quality without significant loss of burning time.
- the advantage is a strong reduction in the risk of explosion when the fire mass is compressed with the explosive.
- the risk of explosion is high when using relatively large, sponge-like particles with a hard, jagged surface.
- metal powder with an average grain size of 15-50 f.Lm is therefore used.
- projectile bodies were statically blasted with 5 g of fire mass pressed in on the face and 25 g of a highly explosive explosive consisting of hexogen and trinitrotoluene.
- the projectile body was placed vertically on a solid surface.
- the charge was detonated using an electrically triggered ignition system.
- the flight distance and burning time of the flinging, cone-shaped, burning metal particles were measured.
- Binder 1% by mass of polyvinyl acetate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft eine pressbare Brandmasse, mit einem metallischen Brennstoff der Gruppe IVA des periodischen Systems und einem organischen Binder. Die verwendeten Metalle sind vorzugsweise Titan und Zirkon. Der vorzugsweise eingesetzte Binder ist Polyvinylacetat.
- Diese Brandmasse wird für Splitter-Brandmunition vorzugsweise in einem Geschosskörper oder Sprengkopf zusammen mit einem brisanten Sprengstoff angeordnet. Sie kann aber auch in den Hohlraum eines Geschosses, das keinen Sprengstoff enthält, eingepresst werden, z. B. panzerbrechende Geschosse ohne Sprengstoff.
- Durch die detonative oder mechanische Fragmentierung des Geschosses oder Sprengkopfes im oder in der Nähe des Ziels entstehen neben den Splittern schnell fliegende, in der Luft autonom brennende Brandmasse-Teilchen. Damit wird eine räumlich und zeitlich stark ausgedehnte Brandwirkung erzielt.
- Eine bekannte Brandmasse dieser Art (siehe DE-AS 29 01 517) enthält ein organisches Bindemittel und einen Metallschwamm z. B. aus Zirkon oder Hafnium, wobei als Bindemittel Polytetrafluoraethylen mit einem Anteil von 2 bis 15 Masse-% verwendet wird.
- Bekannte Splitter-Brandmunition enthält Mischungen aus hochbrisanten Sprengstoffen wie Hexogen, Oktogen, Trotyl und Aluminium-Pulver. Der Metallzusatz bewirkt eine Steigerung der Blaswirkung und eine Verlängerung der Flammen-Brennzeit von 1 ms auf 15 ms. Damit wird die Anzündwahrscheinlichkeit für brennbares Material im Ziel - z. B. auslaufender Treibstoff - vergrössert.
- Die Verwendung von fluorierten Bindern soll die Verbrennung durch Bildung des Tetrafluorids des entsprechenden Metalls unterstützen. Mit Metallen in Form grobkörniger, poröser, schwammartiger Teilchen mit einer Teilchengrösse von 0,05-8 mm wird eine Verlängerung der Brennzeit angestrebt. Versuche haben gezeigt, dass einerseits die Verwendung eines Metallschwammes nicht unbedingt erforderlich ist, und dass zuviel Binder einen ungünstigen Einfluss auf das Wirkungsbild der brennbaren Metallpartikel hat, insbesondere auf die Brennzeit und die Flugstrecke.
- Der Binder muss deshalb in der kleinstmöglichen Konzentration eingesetzt werden, die noch eine ausreichende Verpressbarkeit des Metallpulvers gewährleistet.
- Erfindungsgemäss ist deshalb der Anteil des Binders in der Brandmasse kleiner als 2 Masse-%.
- Der Binder kann in üblicher Weise als Lacklösung mit dem Metallpulver vermischt werden. Durch Sieben und Entfernen des Lösers bei erhöhter Temperatur entsteht ein verpressbares Granulat.
- Es hat sich ferner gezeigt, dass halogenhaltige Binder die Verbrennung der Metalle nicht wirksam unterstützen. Das kann auch aus den volumen- und massenspezifischen Reaktionsenthalpien abgeleitet werden.
- Reaktion der Metallpartikel mit dem Luftsauerstoff :
- Reaktion der Metallpartikel mit dem Teflonbinder :
- Die gebildeten Metallfluoride sind leicht flüchtig und entziehen beim Verdampfen dem System Energie.
- Das erfindungsgemäss verwendete organische Bindemittel ist deshalb halogenfrei.
- Im weiteren wurde festgestellt, dass die zur Herstellung von Brandmassen verwendeten Metallschwämme durch Metallpulver pyrotechnischer Qualität ersetzbar sind, ohne wesentlichen Verlust an Brennzeit. Der Vorteil besteht in einer starken Verminderung der Explosionsgefahr beim Verpressen der Brandmasse mit dem Sprengstoff. Die Explosionsgefahr ist bei der Verwendung von verhältnismässig grossen, schwammartigen Partikeln mit harter zerklüfteter Oberfläche gross.
- Erfindungsgemäß wird deshalb Metallpulver mit einer mittleren Korngrösse von 15-50 f.Lm verwendet.
- Zur Prüfung der Wirksamkeit der Brandmassen wurden Geschosskörper mit 5 g stirnseits eingepressten Brandmassen und 25 g eines hochbrisanten Sprengstoffes aus Hexogen und Trinitrotoluol statisch gesprengt.
- Der Geschosskörper wurde vertikal auf einer festen Unterlage aufgestellt. Die Ladung wurde mit einem elektrisch ausgelösten Zündsystem zur Detonation gebracht.
- Gemessen wurden Flugstrecke und Brennzeit der herausgeschleuderten, kegelförmig nach oben sich ausbreitenden brennenden Metallpartikel.
- A. Der Einfluss der Korngrösse und der Kornform auf das Wirkungsbild der Brandmassen ist aus folgender Tabelle ersichtlich. Binder : 1 Masse-% Polyvinylacetat
-
- B. Der Einfluss der Binderkonzentration auf das Wirkungsbild der Brandmasse ist aus folgender Tabelle ersichtlich. Es wurde Zirkonpulver mit einer mittleren Korngrösse von 15 µm und als Binder Polyvinylacetat verwendet.
Claims (3)
1. Pressbare Brandmasse mit einem metallischen Brennstoff aus der Gruppe IVA des periodischen Systems (Zr, Ti, Hf) und einem organischen Binder, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
a) ein Metallpulver mit einer mittleren Korngrösse von 15-50 µm verwendet wird,
b) der Binder halogenfrei ist und
c) der Anteil des halogenfreien Binders, insbesondere Polyvinylacetat, kleiner als 2-Masse-% ist.
2. Verwendung von Brandmasse nach Anspruch 1, als Splitter-Brandmunition in einem Geschosskörper oder Sprengkopf zusammen mit einem brisanten Sprengstoff.
3. Verwendung von Brandmasse nach Anspruch 1, in panzerbrechenden Geschossen, die keinen Sprengstoff enthalten.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH811680 | 1980-10-31 | ||
| CH8116/80 | 1980-10-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0051324A1 EP0051324A1 (de) | 1982-05-12 |
| EP0051324B1 true EP0051324B1 (de) | 1984-06-13 |
Family
ID=4335423
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81200996A Expired EP0051324B1 (de) | 1980-10-31 | 1981-09-09 | Brandmasse mit einem metallischen Brennstoff aus der Gruppe IVA des periodischen Systems |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4402705A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0051324B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS57106591A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1175658A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3164190D1 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO150477C (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA817001B (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007021451A1 (de) | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Rwm Schweiz Ag | Subprojektil mit energetischem Inhalt |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3341052C1 (de) * | 1983-11-12 | 1992-03-26 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Hohlladung mit Detonationswellenlenker |
| US6691622B2 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2004-02-17 | General Sciences, Inc. | Reactive projectiles, delivery devices therefor, and methods for their use in the destruction of unexploded ordnance |
| US6679176B1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2004-01-20 | Peter D. Zavitsanos | Reactive projectiles for exploding unexploded ordnance |
| US6485586B1 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-11-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Lower burning rate, reduced hazard, high temperature incendiary |
| DE10140600A1 (de) * | 2001-08-18 | 2003-03-06 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Brandsatz für ein flügelstabilisiertes Wuchtgeschoß |
| DE102005057182A1 (de) | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-06 | Rwm Schweiz Ag | Brandmasse mit einem metallischen Brennstoff aus der Gruppe IVB des periodischen Systems sowie Geschoss mit dieser Brandmasse |
| GB2534573A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-08-03 | Bae Systems Plc | Reactive materials |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3032451A (en) * | 1954-09-29 | 1962-05-01 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Solid jet or rocket fuel |
| US3030243A (en) * | 1958-02-24 | 1962-04-17 | Hart David | First fire and igniter composition |
| US2939779A (en) * | 1958-04-09 | 1960-06-07 | Olin Mathieson | Pyrotechnic compositions |
| US3020243A (en) * | 1958-05-22 | 1962-02-06 | Catalysts & Chem Inc | Preparation of gel extrudates |
| US3396060A (en) * | 1960-11-02 | 1968-08-06 | Army Usa | Incendiary composition consisting of titanium, aluminum-magnesium alloy, and inorganic oxidizer salt |
| US3109762A (en) * | 1962-08-01 | 1963-11-05 | Robert E Betts | Hafnium-potassium perchlorate pyrotechnic composition |
| US3734788A (en) * | 1964-04-17 | 1973-05-22 | Us Navy | High density solid propellants and method of preparation using fluoro-polymers |
| US3565706A (en) * | 1968-01-19 | 1971-02-23 | Hal R Waite | Incendiary composition containing a metallic fuel and a solid fluoro-carbon polymer |
| US3865035A (en) * | 1969-01-16 | 1975-02-11 | Thiokol Chemical Corp | Multi-use munition |
| DE2226266B2 (de) * | 1972-05-30 | 1976-08-19 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Verfahren zur herstellung von zuendstiften |
| FR2309493A1 (fr) * | 1973-03-15 | 1976-11-26 | France Etat | Substances pyrotechniques pulverulentes ameliorees et leur procede d'obtention |
| US3927993A (en) * | 1973-11-21 | 1975-12-23 | Ronald W Griffin | Fire starter and method |
| US3998676A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1976-12-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for bomb manufacture |
| DE2552950A1 (de) * | 1975-11-26 | 1977-06-02 | Diehl Fa | Brandmunition |
| US4090894A (en) * | 1977-03-21 | 1978-05-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Moldable ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer |
| US4128996A (en) * | 1977-12-05 | 1978-12-12 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Chlorite containing pyrotechnic composition and method of inflating an inflatable automobile safety restraint |
| US4131498A (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1978-12-26 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Metallic sponge incendiary compositions |
-
1981
- 1981-09-09 DE DE8181200996T patent/DE3164190D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-09-09 EP EP81200996A patent/EP0051324B1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-10-08 CA CA000387562A patent/CA1175658A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-10-09 ZA ZA817001A patent/ZA817001B/xx unknown
- 1981-10-13 US US06/310,588 patent/US4402705A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1981-10-29 NO NO813663A patent/NO150477C/no unknown
- 1981-10-31 JP JP56173740A patent/JPS57106591A/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007021451A1 (de) | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Rwm Schweiz Ag | Subprojektil mit energetischem Inhalt |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1175658A (en) | 1984-10-09 |
| DE3164190D1 (en) | 1984-07-19 |
| ZA817001B (en) | 1982-09-29 |
| JPS57106591A (en) | 1982-07-02 |
| US4402705A (en) | 1983-09-06 |
| NO150477B (no) | 1984-07-16 |
| NO150477C (no) | 1984-10-24 |
| EP0051324A1 (de) | 1982-05-12 |
| NO813663L (no) | 1982-05-03 |
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