EP0050681A1 - Electrode pour électrolyse ignée - Google Patents

Electrode pour électrolyse ignée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0050681A1
EP0050681A1 EP80106580A EP80106580A EP0050681A1 EP 0050681 A1 EP0050681 A1 EP 0050681A1 EP 80106580 A EP80106580 A EP 80106580A EP 80106580 A EP80106580 A EP 80106580A EP 0050681 A1 EP0050681 A1 EP 0050681A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode according
electrode
insulating
molded part
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80106580A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0050681B1 (fr
Inventor
Konrad Dipl.Ing. Koziol
Malcolm F. Dr. Dipl.Chem. Pilbrow
Christine M. Dr. Dipl.Chem. Zöllner geb. Möller
Dieter H. Dr. Dipl.Chem. Zöllner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
C Conradty Nuernberg GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
C Conradty Nuernberg GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by C Conradty Nuernberg GmbH and Co KG filed Critical C Conradty Nuernberg GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT80106580T priority Critical patent/ATE15503T1/de
Priority to EP80106580A priority patent/EP0050681B1/fr
Priority to DE8080106580T priority patent/DE3071075D1/de
Priority to US06/285,560 priority patent/US4462887A/en
Priority to CA000383638A priority patent/CA1181792A/fr
Priority to JP56130375A priority patent/JPS5773196A/ja
Priority to ES507053A priority patent/ES8207593A1/es
Priority to HU813133A priority patent/HU188704B/hu
Priority to NO813604A priority patent/NO155105C/no
Priority to CS817842A priority patent/CS249116B2/cs
Publication of EP0050681A1 publication Critical patent/EP0050681A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0050681B1 publication Critical patent/EP0050681B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12—Anodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode for melt flow electrolysis, in particular for the electrolytic production of metals such as aluminum, magnesium, sodium, lithium or of compounds.
  • a disadvantage of the use of electrodes which are formed from ceramic materials is - even after adding conductivity-increasing components - their often only moderate to medium electrical conductivity. This is only acceptable in processes where the electrode dimensions are small and the current path is short.
  • the electrodes for melt flow electrolysis e.g. of aluminum
  • the electrodes for aluminum production can be dimensioned up to 2250 x 950 x 750 mm, while typical graphite electrodes for magnesium production are 1700 x 200 x 100 or ⁇ 400 x 2200 nm depending on the process type.
  • the production of such solid blocks from the ceramic materials mentioned is expensive and results in considerable difficulties with regard to resistance to temperature changes and electrical internal resistance. In recent times, however, the efforts of the power-consuming industries have focused particularly on reducing the specific energy consumption, which is why ceramic solid electrodes have also so far not been used in practice.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a new type of electrode for melt flow electrolysis, in which the disadvantages of the prior art described above are reduced.
  • an electrode that works safely with extremely low current / voltage losses is to be created, although the spectrum of active materials known to date and which will also be used in the future can be used in the same way.
  • This type of electrode should preferably be used as an anode.
  • an electrode of the type mentioned at the beginning which is characterized by an upper section made of metal (alloy), which optionally includes a cooling device, the upper section being at least partially protected by a high-temperature-resistant, insulating coating, and at least a lower section of active material.
  • a cooling medium e.g. Liquids such as water or gases e.g. Serve air.
  • Such electrodes have already been proposed for use in the production of electrical steel in electric furnaces in which an arc is emitted from the tip of the electrode. Due to the existence of the arc and its possibility of migration, the resulting extreme temperatures in the vicinity of the arc, but also due to the atmosphere in the electric steel furnace and the type of electrode operation, there are such serious deviations from the melt flow electrolysis that it is possible to use such types of electrodes for the implementation was not considered by melt flow electrolysis. With regard to such a prior art, reference is made only by way of example to GB-PS 1 223 162, DE-AS 24 30 817 or European laid-open specification 79302809.3. These documents describe the electrodes there with regard to the specific requirements of the arc electrode and the efforts made to meet the specific requirements of the electrical steel production process.
  • a molded part which can be detachably attached is advantageously provided as the insulating coating in the electrode according to the invention.
  • the term “insulating” is to be understood as meaning an material which is inert and shielding from the electrolysis medium and which may also be electrically insulating.
  • the high temperature resistant, insulating molded part can be a single pipe. But it can also be beneficial comprise a series of pipe sections, segments, half-shells or the like, which surround the lower region of the upper section of the electrode into the region of the screw nipple, possibly beyond.
  • the material of the insulating molded part can e.g. made of high temperature resistant ceramic, but also e.g. Represent graphite that has an insulating coating on it.
  • Such insulating, high-temperature resistant ceramic or other materials are known.
  • the insulating molded part is arranged between a lower partial area of the upper section made of metal and the lower, consuming section such that the outer edges of the molded part running in the direction of the electrode axis and those of the outer area of the upper section made of metal are essentially flush with each other.
  • the counter bearing on which the molded part is carried there are no restrictions with regard to the counter bearing on which the molded part is carried.
  • This can be a counterpart, also made of insulating material that can be subjected to high temperatures, the screw nipple itself, possibly even a part of the active part itself, or a combination thereof.
  • the insulating molded part will not rest on the active part alone, provided that this is a consumable material, but will be at least partially carried by a non-"consumable", heat-resistant material.
  • the position of the molded part can of course be controlled in a suitable form during the manufacture of the electrode.
  • the insulating molded part can, however, also during operation of the electrode without having to lead the electrode out of the electrolysis furnace, through bores provided in the upper section through pins, threaded screws, etc. onto the counter bearing, e.g. by the additional provision of springs.
  • the insulating molded part can be placed on holders, which can preferably be attached to the metal of the inner cooling unit.
  • holders which can preferably be attached to the metal of the inner cooling unit.
  • this is primarily taken into account in such applications of the electrodes, where the free mobility or the "moving up" of intact (insulating or electrically conductive) individual segments is not important in the event of damage to a segment lying below.
  • the insulating molded part does not encompass the entire area of the metal shaft to be protected, but instead in an area where less stress can be expected, instead of the further molded part, an insulating, highly fire-resistant injection molding compound is anchored, is used.
  • Such insulating molding compounds are known per se, which can be fastened with holding pieces that are soldered on, for example.
  • Amorphous carbon, graphite, ceramic conductors or a composite of inorganic fibers with an electrochemically active material can be listed as examples of active materials which are connected to the upper section by one or more screw nipples or, if appropriate, threads.
  • active materials which are connected to the upper section by one or more screw nipples or, if appropriate, threads.
  • European patent application 80103126.1 ' where particularly preferred composites composed of inorganic fibers with an electrochemically active material are listed.
  • the description of the active materials in this regard, as well as their arrangement, is to be regarded as fully introduced into the present application by express reference to this European patent application. It is explained in detail there that the active material can be formed from a number of rods, plates, tubes or the like, which are connected or separated from one another.
  • the lower section consists of active material in several units, which are held by one or more nipple connections, the The units can be arranged side by side and / or one below the other.
  • consumable active substances for example graphite
  • intermediate pieces made of such material are considered, to which a unit that then completely consumes can in turn be screwed.
  • the last active unit can be completely used up without the nipple connection, with which the metallic upper section is connected, being exposed to a hazard.
  • the electrode according to the invention has a number of advantages: the extremely low current and voltage losses on the way to the active part of the electrode are to be emphasized. As a result, considerable energy savings can be achieved compared to conventional solid blocks, whether made of carbon, graphite or ceramic material. Furthermore, the side burn-off is minimized, since it is no longer the entire electrode but only its active part that is exposed to the aggressive electrolysis medium and the reaction gases and vapors that develop in the process. Finally, the electrode can be used in a variety of ways, since its construction allows the use of a spectrum of active materials that can be used in the field of melt flow electrolysis.
  • the insulating molded part can also be easily inserted in a targeted position during manufacture. Through the use of an insulating, external solid part mechanical strength can be improved. By dividing the insulating outer zone into segments, it is not necessary to replace the entire electrode in the event of faults or damage, since the damage can be remedied quickly and economically by introducing the corresponding section. Due to the loose placement of the insulating molded part, as far as it is made up of several sections, in the event of a mechanical or other destruction, the underlying protective segments result in an "automatic" sliding of the upper segments, which may be additionally secured by springs is. The electrode is therefore still able to work even if damage has already occurred, since the most vulnerable lower electrode area, which is closest to the working zone of the electrode, is "automatically” protected by the sliding of intact elements.
  • the tongue and groove system provides complete and comprehensive protection, for example the sensitive metal area of the electrode. If there is still damage to the lower area of the "protective shield" of the electrode, it can still work as long as it is necessary to replace the consumable part made of, for example, graphite. When the electrode is removed, the corresponding replacement of the damaged individual segment, etc. can then easily be carried out.
  • the cooling medium for example water, air or inert gas
  • the feed channel 2 is introduced through the feed channel 2 and returned through the return channel 3.
  • Cooling medium also into a chamber within the screw nipple 1, which is formed, for example, from cast iron, nickel or a temperature-resistant, corrosion-resistant metal alloy.
  • the upper section 5 made of metal consists of an upper area of larger diameter and a lower-lying area of smaller diameter, which is drawn into the screw nipple 1, which is the connection to the lower section o made of, for example, consumable material, such as graphite or ceramic active material , forms.
  • the insulating molded part 4 is supported by a counter bearing 7, for example made of high-temperature-resistant, insulating ceramic. In the upper region, the insulating molded part 4 is delimited by the upper edge of the region of larger diameter of the metal shaft.
  • the insulating molded part 4 is divided into segments which are slidable in the direction of the electrode axis when a (lower) segment breaks out. Alternatively, they can also be held by hook elements 14.
  • additional bores 8 can be provided, through which the inserted pins 9 via the spring 10 ensure a good fit of the insulating molded part 4.
  • the lower section 6 made of consumable or durable material is divided into a series of individual rods 20 which are bound by the nipple 1.
  • the preferred lateral power supply takes place via jaws 18, advantageously made of graphite, which are fastened, not shown, to holders, preferably on the metal shaft.
  • jaws 18 advantageously made of graphite, which are fastened, not shown, to holders, preferably on the metal shaft.
  • Fig. 1 the alternative possibility of attaching the jaws 18 to the power supply rail itself is shown.
  • Gas purging channels which are not shown in the figures, can be provided between the insulating layer 4 and the upper section 5.
  • the gas flushing can damage the insulating ceramic, e.g. about a corresponding pressure drop, can be easily determined.
  • a certain cooling effect is possible.
  • the upper section 5 and / or the nipple connection 1 or its outer surfaces can be coated with a high-temperature-resistant coating.
  • the high-temperature-resistant coating can be designed to be electrically conductive or also insulating.
  • the coating can also consist of a high-temperature-resistant, conductive material, in which case the material has the effect of a "heat shield” or “inert shield” to protect the underlying metal.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP80106580A 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Electrode pour électrolyse ignée Expired EP0050681B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80106580T ATE15503T1 (de) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Elektrode fuer schmelzflusselektrolyse.
EP80106580A EP0050681B1 (fr) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Electrode pour électrolyse ignée
DE8080106580T DE3071075D1 (en) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Electrode for igneous electrolysis
US06/285,560 US4462887A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-07-21 Apparatus for fusion electrolysis and electrode therefor
CA000383638A CA1181792A (fr) 1980-10-27 1981-08-11 Dispositif de fusion par electrolyse, et son electrode
JP56130375A JPS5773196A (en) 1980-10-27 1981-08-21 Electrode for electrolytic refining of molten substance
ES507053A ES8207593A1 (es) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Perfeccionamientos en los electrodos para electrolisis de metales.
HU813133A HU188704B (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Electrode for melted salt-electrolysis
NO813604A NO155105C (no) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Elektrode for smelteelektrolyse.
CS817842A CS249116B2 (en) 1980-10-27 1981-10-26 Electrode for fused-salt electrolysis

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80106580A EP0050681B1 (fr) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Electrode pour électrolyse ignée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0050681A1 true EP0050681A1 (fr) 1982-05-05
EP0050681B1 EP0050681B1 (fr) 1985-09-11

Family

ID=8186859

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80106580A Expired EP0050681B1 (fr) 1980-10-27 1980-10-27 Electrode pour électrolyse ignée

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4462887A (fr)
EP (1) EP0050681B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5773196A (fr)
AT (1) ATE15503T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1181792A (fr)
CS (1) CS249116B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3071075D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8207593A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU188704B (fr)
NO (1) NO155105C (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0074567A1 (fr) * 1981-09-10 1983-03-23 C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG Support d'électrode axialement déplaçable, utilisable dans l'électrolyse de bains fondus
EP0092704A1 (fr) * 1982-04-26 1983-11-02 C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG Utilisation de matériaux imperméables au gaz et résistant à la corrosion et à la température comme revêtement protecteur pour la partie métallique d'électrodes combinées destinées à l'obtention de métaux par électrolyse ignée, ainsi qu'anneaux de garde obtenus à partir de ces matériaux
FR2537375A1 (fr) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrode avec conduit de chaleur integre
US5527518A (en) * 1992-04-07 1996-06-18 Kvaerner Engineering A.S Production of carbon black

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3537575A1 (de) * 1985-10-22 1987-04-23 Conradty Nuernberg Inerte verbundelektrode, insbesondere anode fuer die schmelzflusselektrolyse
DE3838828A1 (de) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Kohleelektrode mit gasdichter, temperaturbestaendiger schutzglocke
NO337977B1 (no) * 2008-10-31 2016-07-18 Norsk Hydro As Fremgangsmåte og anordning for ekstrahering av varme fra aluminium elektrolyseceller
JP5787580B2 (ja) * 2011-04-06 2015-09-30 株式会社東芝 電解還元装置
CN102560552A (zh) * 2012-01-04 2012-07-11 饶云福 一种应用于电解铝阳极钢爪修复中的助熔剂

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2425136A1 (de) * 1973-05-25 1974-12-12 Alusuisse Schmelzflusselektrolyse mit unverbrauchbaren anoden
AT339061B (de) * 1973-10-16 1977-09-26 Alusuisse Verfahren und anode zur schmelzflusselektrolyse von aluminiumoxid mit unverbrauchbaren anoden

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385987A (en) * 1966-10-24 1968-05-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrode for an arc furnace having a fluid cooled arcing surface and a continuouslymoving arc thereon
DE2725537A1 (de) * 1977-06-06 1978-12-14 Korf Stahl Elektrode fuer lichtbogenoefen
US4145564A (en) * 1978-01-30 1979-03-20 Andrew Dennie J Non-consumable electrode with replaceable graphite tip
US4287381A (en) * 1978-12-19 1981-09-01 British Steel Corporation Electric arc furnace electrodes

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2425136A1 (de) * 1973-05-25 1974-12-12 Alusuisse Schmelzflusselektrolyse mit unverbrauchbaren anoden
AT339061B (de) * 1973-10-16 1977-09-26 Alusuisse Verfahren und anode zur schmelzflusselektrolyse von aluminiumoxid mit unverbrauchbaren anoden

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0074567A1 (fr) * 1981-09-10 1983-03-23 C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG Support d'électrode axialement déplaçable, utilisable dans l'électrolyse de bains fondus
EP0092704A1 (fr) * 1982-04-26 1983-11-02 C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG Utilisation de matériaux imperméables au gaz et résistant à la corrosion et à la température comme revêtement protecteur pour la partie métallique d'électrodes combinées destinées à l'obtention de métaux par électrolyse ignée, ainsi qu'anneaux de garde obtenus à partir de ces matériaux
FR2537375A1 (fr) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrode avec conduit de chaleur integre
US5527518A (en) * 1992-04-07 1996-06-18 Kvaerner Engineering A.S Production of carbon black

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0050681B1 (fr) 1985-09-11
JPS5773196A (en) 1982-05-07
CA1181792A (fr) 1985-01-29
ES507053A0 (es) 1982-10-01
US4462887A (en) 1984-07-31
NO813604L (no) 1982-04-28
CS249116B2 (en) 1987-03-12
ATE15503T1 (de) 1985-09-15
ES8207593A1 (es) 1982-10-01
NO155105B (no) 1986-11-03
NO155105C (no) 1987-02-11
DE3071075D1 (en) 1985-10-17
HU188704B (en) 1986-05-28

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