EP0050363B1 - Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0050363B1 EP0050363B1 EP81108579A EP81108579A EP0050363B1 EP 0050363 B1 EP0050363 B1 EP 0050363B1 EP 81108579 A EP81108579 A EP 81108579A EP 81108579 A EP81108579 A EP 81108579A EP 0050363 B1 EP0050363 B1 EP 0050363B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strips
- pair
- longitudinal channel
- station
- shaping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
- B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49366—Sheet joined to sheet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for producing heat exchanger elements of the type mentioned in the preambles of claims 1, 11 and 14.
- two tapes deformed without cutting in the crotch press process are combined in pairs to form a pair of tapes in such a way that the edge areas lie one above the other and one against the other, while the beads or depressions and elevations of the two tapes are offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction in such a way that the tapes are not in the area of the row of beads abut each other, but form a longitudinal longitudinal channel.
- the edge regions are then welded, while openings are made at the ends of the longitudinal channels for introducing and discharging the medium which is to flow through the heat exchanger element for cooling or heating.
- Another advantage of the beads which could also be referred to as a kind of "transverse folds", in addition to increasing the heat transfer area compared to non-winding longitudinal channels, is that the mechanical strength is improved and the flexibility of the heat exchanger elements transverse to the longitudinal direction is improved.
- the invention has for its object to improve this method and the device used to carry out the same with simple means to the effect that at least equally good heat exchanger elements can be produced in terms of their effect, but the production itself can be carried out even easier, faster and better.
- At least one band of the pair of bands is first provided with at least one longitudinal channel and continuously longitudinally welded to the other band of this pair of bands in such a way that the channel forms a longitudinal channel with the part covering it, in particular also a longitudinal channel, of the other band. Then a liquid filling material is continuously filled into this longitudinal channel and solidified by cooling to below its freezing point. Thereupon, the pair of tapes with the solidified or frozen filling material serving as a support core is subsequently deformed without cutting by plastic deformation of the walls of the longitudinal channel in such a way that the longitudinal channel receives the desired shape or the course of the heat exchanger element. After this final shaping, the frozen contents can be thawed again and completely removed from the tortuous longitudinal channel, which is then available for holding the heating or cooling agent.
- the non-cutting deformation of the weldable strips is divided into two sections, namely the channeling and longitudinal channeling on the one hand and the arrangement of the tortuous course of the longitudinal channels, on the other hand.
- H deforming their walls.
- the solidified filling material forms a core for supporting the longitudinal channel walls deforming without cutting of the two tapes. It has been shown that water is particularly suitable as a filling material.
- the band-shaped heat exchanger elements can then be wound up or bent into the final form of use at the same speed; it may also be advisable here to leave the contents still in the solidified state and only after this winding, bending or similar shaping to convert them into the liquid aggregate state and to let them flow out of the longitudinal channel system.
- This bending can take place after the strips have been brought into a sinuous shape or provided with beads or the like bulges as mentioned above.
- a large number of weldable materials in particular welding steels including stainless steels, can be used to carry out the method according to the invention.
- Stainless V2A steel offers special advantages, in which welding is also carried out under water cooling.
- Unalloyed steels can also be used; however, care must be taken to ensure that the steels are plastically deformable in the cold, which is necessary for freezing the contents. If water is used, it is advisable to cool it down to around -10 ° C. H. Establish a sufficient distance from the freezing point so that it is avoided that the solidified filling material deformation core liquefies in the course of the non-cutting deformation process to such an extent that it can no longer adequately fulfill its function as a deformation core.
- the thickness of the strips, in particular sheets, is preferably between 0.5 and 2.0 mm.
- the pair of belts is filled with the liquid filling material in a downward, in particular sloping downward inclined path, and cooled, because the filling material solidifying in the lower part in a freezing station then forms a plug that closes the cross section of the longitudinal channel. so that the filling material flowing in from above cannot flow downwards, but instead there is always a sufficient liquid column of the filling material above the already solidified filling material.
- Liquid nitrogen can be used as the cooling medium.
- the winding or meandering or serpentine-like course of the longitudinal channels in the conveying direction behind the freezing station is expediently carried out by means of deformation rollers which have elevations and depressions on the lateral surface, as a result of which the bead-like structures can be impressed into the longitudinal channels.
- deformation rollers which have elevations and depressions on the lateral surface, as a result of which the bead-like structures can be impressed into the longitudinal channels.
- the shape of the channel-shaped longitudinal channels can take on a wide variety.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible, for example, by changing the shaping rollers, that the type of tortuous course of the longitudinal channels can be formed in such a way that subsequent bending is facilitated. Depending on the direction of the bend, it is then expedient to define the shape of the bead-forming recesses and elevations or "mountains and" valleys on the lateral surface of the one ver dimensioning or designing the shaping roller somewhat differently than on the other shaping roller.
- the method is not limited to the use of rollers as deformation tools, but deformation dies can also be used. If the continuous process is used, such deformation tools, as is already known for example in the packaging industry, would have to be moved with the feed or with the conveying of the pair of belts in contact with the same and, after lifting off, be returned in the opposite direction.
- two flat belts 1 with a belt thickness of, for example, 1 mm are fed via two deflecting rollers 2 to a shaping station 3, in which the two belts 1 are guided through rolling passages 4, which run into the belts 1 in the longitudinal direction of grooves 5 (see in particular FIG 2) shape.
- the strips 1 provided with such grooves 5 are then brought together up to a roller conveyor 6 in such a way that the strip parts still in the flat state, in particular the strip edges 7, abut one another, while the grooves 5 protrude from one another and form a longitudinal channel 8 extending in the longitudinal direction.
- a plurality of parallel longitudinal channels 8 can also be provided, in particular according to the exemplary embodiments in FIG. 2.
- the adjacent strip parts, in particular longitudinal edges are connected to one another by means of connection welding, for which purpose seam welding is particularly recommended. Since such continuously effective welding methods for producing weld seams are known, they are not explained in detail here.
- the freezing station 13 is supplied in particular with coolants or cooling media which bring the contents, in particular water, to a temperature of, in particular, approximately 10 ° below the freezing point, and water at -10 ° C. Lower temperatures should also be considered. Liquid nitrogen can serve as a cooling medium.
- the freezing station 13 has a freezing tunnel 14 through which the pair of belts 10 is passed.
- the solidifying filling prevents the still liquid filling material from flowing out downwards and ensures that, as a result of the inflowing filling material through the filling tube 12, a sufficient liquid column always remains above the already solidified filling material, so that the longitudinal channels continuously flow through them extending deformation core is formed.
- a protective channel 15 ensures that the cooled pair of belts 10 remains so cold until it enters the main deformation station 16 that the solidified filling material does not yet soften, but rather does its job as a support or deformation core in the main deformation station 16 can.
- deformation rollers 17 act on both sides of the pair of belts 10, which give the longitudinal channel or the parallel longitudinal channels 8 a tortuous course, as is shown even more clearly in FIG.
- the lateral surfaces of the shaping rollers 17 have elevations 18 and depressions 19.
- the two deformation rollers 17 are arranged in such a way that their opposing elevations 18 and depressions 19 are arranged in a staggered arrangement such that, for example, the increase 18 of the lower deformation roller 17 which is most strongly attacking on the pair of belts 10 in FIG 19 of the upper deformation roller 17 faces.
- the tortuous course of the longitudinal channels 8 is generated without the cross-section in the longitudinal direction of the same changing significantly.
- the width of such a pair of bands 10 according to FIG. 2c is 180 mm with a total width of the longitudinal channels of approximately 4 mm.
- the cross sections of the channels 5 and the longitudinal channels 8 formed from them can be very different.
- the type of overlapping flat band regions 7 can also be different, i. H. that band material of a band can also protrude beyond the overlapping band regions of both bands in the region of the sealing seam, as is shown in particular in FIGS. 2d-2g.
- Fig. 4 the wave-like or serpentine-like course of the longitudinal channels is shown in side view and in Fig. 5b it is shown how the two channels 5 are separated by a longitudinal seam region 7 and are delimited on the outside by edge regions 7 likewise connected by means of a longitudinal weld seam.
- the notches or depressions 20 are produced by the elevations 18 of the deformation rollers 17, as shown in FIG. 3, while the elevations 21 of the pair of belts 10 result from the depressions 19 of the deformation rollers 17.
- the notches or depressions 20 run in the diagonal direction in the embodiment of FIG. B. rotated by about 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the weld seams 7 and the pair of bands 10.
- the pair of bands 10 provided with a tortuous course of the longitudinal channels 8 can be bent.
- a spiral-type heat exchanger element is produced in that a certain longitudinal section of the pair of bands 10 is clamped in the middle and then bent towards the outer ends 10a in such a way that the spiral course shown in FIG. 7b results.
- the inlet and outlet lines are then connected to the two band ends 10a, so that, for example, a heat medium or coolant can enter on one side, pass through the spiral-shaped heat exchanger units and exit on the other side, as seen in the radial direction.
- the pair of bands 10 forms an S-shaped course.
- the connecting lines 23 can be seen even better from FIG. 7a.
- the arrows indicated in the upper part make it clear that, for example, a coolant enters on the left and right, while the medium to be cooled indicated by the lower arrows passes from bottom to top through the heat exchanger element - between the layers of the pair of belts 10. These layers are kept apart by suitable spacing elements.
- the longitudinal channel does not have to be wound in the transverse direction at all, but takes a curved or curved course, as for example according to FIG. 7b, without the elevations and depressions alternating in the longitudinal direction.
- the depressions and elevations which follow one another in the longitudinal direction are pressed together so infinitely closely that they now only form a groove running in the longitudinal direction.
- the pair of bands then represents a kind of tube or “tube” that has the weld seams on both sides of the “longitudinal channel forming the tube.
- the liquid filling material After the liquid filling material has been filled in and allowed to solidify, it forms the same good support core as in the alternative of the invention described in detail at the beginning, so that the pair of strips reinforced inside can be bent by non-cutting deformation.
- the main advantage of the support core is that the cross-section practically not only does not shrink when bending, but also retains its shape.
- Fig. 8 shows part of a pair of ribbons bent in this way and Fig. 9 shows how this can be carried out in practice as an alternative or in combination with the shape of the longitudinally extending or longitudinally adjoining depressions and elevations.
- the device according to FIG. 9 has a preforming station of the same type as the preforming station 3 shown in FIG. 1. As far as such details are concerned, reference is made to the training described above.
- a welding station for producing a pair of strips 10 welded together is provided. Water or other filling liquid is filled into the longitudinal channel with the aid of the filling tube 12 or the like described above.
- the pair of belts 10 with the channel filled with liquid is continuously directed into a freezing station 13 ', which in this case consists of a conventional compressor-type cooling unit.
- a forming station 16 Arranged in the belt running direction after the freezing station is a forming station 16, which can correspond to the forming station 16 shown in FIG. 1 and described there in connection.
- this molding station 16 are both sides of the pair of tapes 10 by means of shape or. Forming rolls or rollers are machined, which give the longitudinal channel 8 or the parallel longitudinal channels, as described in detail in FIG. 3, a sinuous or serpentine or serpentine course.
- This final shaping station 26 is designed in such a way that it gives the pair of belts 10 a spiral course as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b.
- two tables 27, 28 are arranged between the cutting station 25 and the final forming station 26 and also after the final forming station 26, which have a sufficient length, for example between 5 and 10 m, in order to store a sufficient length of the tapes required for forming the spiral .
- a pair of rollers 29, 26 are arranged above and below the pair of belts 10 to be wound in a spiral shape. After cutting a sufficient length of strips in the cutting station 25, the coil is easily accomplished by rotating the rollers 29, 30 longitudinally about the center between them and under the support of a pair of counter pressure rollers 31, 32. When the spiral shown in Fig. 7 is completed, the rollers 29, 30 are moved back in the reverse direction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81108579T ATE11494T1 (de) | 1980-10-21 | 1981-10-20 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von waermeaustauscherelementen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3039693 | 1980-10-21 | ||
DE19803039693 DE3039693A1 (de) | 1980-10-21 | 1980-10-21 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von waermetauscherelementen, wie heizkoerpersegmenten, kuehlschlangen etc. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0050363A1 EP0050363A1 (fr) | 1982-04-28 |
EP0050363B1 true EP0050363B1 (fr) | 1985-01-30 |
Family
ID=6114870
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81108579A Expired EP0050363B1 (fr) | 1980-10-21 | 1981-10-20 | Procédé et dispositif de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4562630A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0050363B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS57134216A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE11494T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE3039693A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH06101524B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-18 | 1994-12-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体素子用冷却体 |
US5337591A (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-08-16 | Keating Koupling, Inc. | Machine and method of making duct coupling |
US5456006A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1995-10-10 | Ford Motor Company | Method for making a heat exchanger tube |
US5507338A (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1996-04-16 | Ford Motor Company | Tab for an automotive heat exchanger |
US5732460A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1998-03-31 | Livernois Research & Development Company | Corrugation machine for making a core for a heat exchanger |
FI106983B (fi) * | 1997-01-20 | 2001-05-15 | Hadwaco Ltd Oy | Kalvohaihduttimen tai -tislaimen lämmönsiirtoelementti ja sen valmistusmenetelmä |
US6212764B1 (en) | 1997-12-17 | 2001-04-10 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Link bending machine |
US5937935A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-08-17 | Ford Motor Company | Heat exchanger and method of making the same |
JP3913897B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-06 | 2007-05-09 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | コンデンサ用冷媒チューブの製造装置 |
US5855240A (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 1999-01-05 | Ford Motor Company | Automotive heat exchanger |
IT1309146B1 (it) * | 1999-05-28 | 2002-01-16 | Tornomeccanica S R L | Carrucola con freno automatico di sicurezza |
FI111189B (fi) * | 2000-08-04 | 2003-06-13 | Hadwaco Tech Oy | Lämmönvaihdin lämmön siirtämiseksi kaasuvirtojen välillä |
JP3504232B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-03-08 | 株式会社ゼネシス | 伝熱部製造方法 |
ATE527079T1 (de) * | 2006-08-31 | 2011-10-15 | Luvata Oy | Verfahren zur herstellung eines metallischen rohres durch plattieren-rollen zweier oder mehrerer profile zum erzeugen mindestens drei kanäle |
FR2982662B1 (fr) * | 2011-11-15 | 2014-01-03 | Faurecia Sys Echappement | Echangeur en forme de spirale et procede de fabrication d'un tel echangeur |
EP3450040A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-06 | Mahle International GmbH | Tube de refroidissement, son procédé de production et matrice en forme de roue destinée à être utilisée dans ce procédé |
DE102018213189A1 (de) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren zum Biegen von hydrogeformten Kühleinrichtungen und gebogene, hydrogeformte Kühleinrichtungen |
CN112207509A (zh) * | 2020-09-02 | 2021-01-12 | 上海坤勇节能科技有限公司 | 一种微通道换热板的制造方法 |
CN112139320B (zh) * | 2020-09-10 | 2023-03-03 | 中国航发贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | 一种螺旋状导管加工方法 |
CN117697423B (zh) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-05-31 | 沧州凯阳机电设备科技有限公司 | 散热片焊接装置 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2841866A (en) * | 1954-02-10 | 1958-07-08 | Daystrom Inc | Method of forming thin-walled tubing into a desired shape |
GB960975A (en) * | 1962-05-30 | 1964-06-17 | Uddeholms Ab | Heat exchanger element |
US3409961A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1968-11-12 | Jerome H. Lemelson | Apparatus for making composite sheet materials |
DD112613A1 (de) * | 1974-05-22 | 1975-04-20 | Dietrich Dorst | Verfahren zum biegen von rohren |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2458189A (en) * | 1945-07-18 | 1949-01-04 | Warren Webster & Co | Method of expanding tubing by freezing liquid therein |
US2731713A (en) * | 1951-11-23 | 1956-01-24 | Gen Electric | Method of making a focused multicell |
US2988809A (en) * | 1956-10-08 | 1961-06-20 | North American Aviation Inc | Fabrication procedure for parts having low density core |
US2905064A (en) * | 1957-08-12 | 1959-09-22 | Goodyear Aircraft Corp | Methods and apparatus for machining and for holding during machining honeycomb material |
GB1061069A (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1967-03-08 | Polyventions Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of sheet metal central heating radiators |
DE1452811B2 (de) * | 1965-07-20 | 1972-01-27 | Orth jun , Peter, 5670 Opladen | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum walzen der platten von platten heizkoerpern od dgl |
GB1169099A (en) * | 1967-08-12 | 1969-10-29 | Hull Steel Radiators Ltd | Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of Radiator Panels |
AT280017B (de) * | 1968-01-30 | 1970-03-25 | Voest Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Profilen |
GB1446023A (en) * | 1973-05-03 | 1976-08-11 | Polyventions Suisse Sa | Methods and apparatus for manufacturing heating radiator panels |
US3906604A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1975-09-23 | Hitachi Cable | Method of forming heat transmissive wall surface |
US4274186A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1981-06-23 | United States Steel Corporation | Heat exchanger |
-
1980
- 1980-10-21 DE DE19803039693 patent/DE3039693A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-10-08 US US06/309,745 patent/US4562630A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-10-19 JP JP56165885A patent/JPS57134216A/ja active Pending
- 1981-10-20 EP EP81108579A patent/EP0050363B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-10-20 AT AT81108579T patent/ATE11494T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-10-20 DE DE8181108579T patent/DE3168668D1/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2841866A (en) * | 1954-02-10 | 1958-07-08 | Daystrom Inc | Method of forming thin-walled tubing into a desired shape |
GB960975A (en) * | 1962-05-30 | 1964-06-17 | Uddeholms Ab | Heat exchanger element |
US3409961A (en) * | 1963-12-16 | 1968-11-12 | Jerome H. Lemelson | Apparatus for making composite sheet materials |
DD112613A1 (de) * | 1974-05-22 | 1975-04-20 | Dietrich Dorst | Verfahren zum biegen von rohren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE11494T1 (de) | 1985-02-15 |
DE3039693A1 (de) | 1982-04-29 |
US4562630A (en) | 1986-01-07 |
DE3168668D1 (en) | 1985-03-14 |
EP0050363A1 (fr) | 1982-04-28 |
JPS57134216A (en) | 1982-08-19 |
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