EP0046553B1 - Apparatus for shoring trenches with lining panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for staying the walls of an excavation comprises armour plates with large plane surfaces (2, 3) of which the edges of each side are guided and supported by guiding grooves (5, 5') arranged on the stays (1). The stays are arranged by pairs facing each other and held in that position by struts (10). To decrease the resistance to friction between the plates (2, 3) and the stays (1) there are provided rollers (8, 11, 16) having horizontal axis. Each side of the guiding grooves (5, 5') of the stays which is farther from the wall of the excavation is provided with an array of rollers (8, 11, 16) mounted on the stays (1).

Description

The invention relates to a device for supporting the walls of a trench with large shoring plates, the side edges of which are guided and supported in guide slots located on both sides of supports, the supports being arranged in pairs opposite one another and kept at a distance by means of cross struts and to reduce the frictional resistance between the shoring panels and the supports are arranged around horizontal axes rotating rollers.

From DE-A-23 23 321 a device of the type mentioned is known, the shoring plates of which have guide heads on their lateral edges, which are guided in a vertically displaceable manner in the supports. Rollers are arranged on the guide heads, some of which are mounted on axes perpendicular to the shoring wall plane and others on axes which are in a plane between the side surfaces of the shoring plate and perpendicular to the support. The arrangement of rollers on the guide heads of the shoring plates has the disadvantage that they roll earth that has penetrated into the interior of the support onto the flanges of the hollow profile and thereby impair the function of the guides.

Another serious disadvantage is seen in the fact that the rollers arranged in this way protrude freely and unprotected over the shoring panels, which is why there is a risk of damage both during transport and when inserting the shoring panels into the supports, all the more so when the rough construction site operation is considered Mostly untrained personnel are not expected to see the exposed arrangement of the roles. Because the shoring plates are made from 2 to 3 mm thick sheet metal for reasons of weight, it is not possible to store the rollers on the shoring plates reliably and with great force.

The object of the invention is to provide the arrangement of rollers between shoring panels and their guides in a trench shoring device in such a way that the rollers fully perform their function even under the most unfavorable conditions in civil engineering, even if they are weeks without maintenance - and left in contact with the ground and / or corrosive mine water for months without being operated. The arrangement is also intended to prevent damage in transit. Another object of the invention is to make this roller arrangement as robust and uncomplicated as possible.

This object is achieved in that the side of the guide slots which is farther from the trench wall is formed by a row of rollers mounted on the supports.

This arrangement has the advantage that, in contrast to the fastening of the rollers to the shoring panels, damage to the rollers by transport is largely prevented because these rollers, which are attached to the supports, are protected within the profiles of the supports. Robust storage of the rollers is also possible because the wall thickness of the support is considerably thicker. Damage to the rollers when inserting the shoring panels into the guides is also not possible because they only protrude from the levels of the entries with a relatively small projection.

To protect the rollers, webs can be arranged between them in such a way that the rollers protrude between 5 and 30 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm, over the webs. Since the uppermost roller is endangered when a shoring plate is inserted into the guide slots of adjacent supports, a guide bar is arranged above it to protect it. This guide web forms, together with the support wall, which forms the side of the guide slot closer to the trench wall, the upper junction.

This opening can be widened like a funnel for easier insertion of the shoring panels into the guide slots.

The rollers mounted on the supports can have wheel flanges which engage vertical guide heads arranged at right angles to the plane of the shoring plates on the lateral edges of the shoring plates. This eliminates the need to arrange rollers on the axes perpendicular to the shoring wall level for the purpose of frictional connection, as is the case with the device according to DE-A-23 23 321.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the rollers as rolling elements in a vertical roller guide between a raceway, the roller guide and the shoring plate can be rolled vertically to a limited extent. This results in the significant advantage in construction site civil engineering that this storage is largely insensitive to dirt, corrosion and wear, and an expedient embodiment provides that the roller acting as a roller has stub axles that roll on raceways of the roller guide.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that in order to maintain defined axial distances between adjacent supports, this longitudinal direction of the trench is connected to one another by tie rods or pull cables. This configuration has the advantage that a frictional connection between supports and shoring panels in the longitudinal direction is not produced by the meshing of guide heads of the shoring panels and guide profiles of the supports, but by the tension elements. This results in a design of the shoring panels and supports. Furthermore, the risk is reduced that when inserting or pulling out a ver building board jammed in the supports.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the support has an outer base wall and two right-angled side walls in which at least two parallel rows of supporting rollers are arranged in order to form outer and inner guide slots which are offset parallel to the inside. The outer guide slots are formed by the projecting parts of the base wall and the first row of support rollers.

The inner guide slots can be formed by the second row of support rollers and a parallel row of guide rollers spaced therefrom. The function of these guide rollers, on which the outer sides of the shoring plates come into contact and therefore do not have to absorb any major loads, can also be taken over by the supporting roles of the outer guide slot. Finally, instead of the guide rollers, guide elements, such as bolts, flanges or the like, attached to the side walls of the support can also take over the function of the guide roller. Since the supporting roles and the guide roles can be completely identical and the guide roles and the supporting roles can be easily exchangeably attached to the support, it is expedient to form the inner guide slot exclusively from leading and supporting roles.

It may also be expedient to arrange these rollers to form the inner guide slots only in the area of the lower half of the supports. This has the advantage that to insert the sheeting into the inner guide slots, the sheeting does not have to be lifted up over the supports.

Advantageously, approximately 1 to 2 cm thick strips are arranged on the inside of the base wall in the vicinity of the edges, which cooperate with correspondingly thick strips which are welded to the outside in the edge region of the shoring panels. Since these strips are thicker than the greatest possible play of the shoring plates in the guide slots, a positive connection of the supports standing on a trench wall is achieved via the shoring plates inserted into the outer guide slots.

The invention is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

• Figur 1 eine Stütze der Verbauvorrichtung nach der Erfindung in Seitenansicht,
• Figur 2 die gleiche Stütze in Frontansicht,
• Figur 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine Stütze und Teile der Verbauplatten in der Schnittebene 111-111 von Fig. 1 und 2,
• Figur 4 eine Stütze, deren Rollen mit Spurkränzen ausgestattet sind, in Seitenansicht,
• Figur 5 Frontansicht der Stütze nach Fig. 4
• Figur 6 eine Ansicht der Stütze nach Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 4,
• Figur 7 eine Rolle mit Spurkranz im Schnitt,
• Figur 8 eine als Wälzkörper wirkende Rolle mit Teilen der Rollenführung und Verbauplatte im Schnitt,
• Figur 9 eine Seitenansicht der als Wälzkörper wirkenden Rollen und der Verbauplatte und Schnittansicht von Teilen der Rollenführung,
• Figur 10 eine Schnittansicht einer Stütze mit als Wälzkörper wirkenden Rollen,
• Figur 11 Schnittansicht von drei über Zugseile oder Zugstangen untereinander verbundenen Stützen,
• Figur 12 Seitenansicht des oberen Teils einer Stütze,
• Figur 13 Ansicht nach der Schnittlinie XIII-XIII in Fig. 12,
• Figur 14 Draufsicht auf die Stütze nach Fig. 12.

Show it

• FIG. 1 shows a support of the shoring device according to the invention in side view,
• FIG. 2 shows the same support in a front view,
• 3 shows a cross section through a support and parts of the shoring plates in the sectional plane 111-111 of FIGS. 1 and 2,
• FIG. 4 shows a support, the rollers of which are equipped with wheel flanges, in a side view,
• FIG. 5 front view of the support according to FIG. 4
• FIG. 6 shows a view of the support according to section line IV-IV in FIG. 4,
• FIG. 7 shows a roller with a flange on average,
• FIG. 8 shows a roller acting as a rolling element with parts of the roller guide and shoring plate in section,
• FIG. 9 shows a side view of the rollers acting as rolling elements and the shoring plate and a sectional view of parts of the roller guide,
• FIG. 10 shows a sectional view of a support with rollers acting as rolling elements,
• FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of three supports which are connected to one another via pulling cables or pull rods,
• FIG. 12 side view of the upper part of a support,
• FIG. 13 view along the section line XIII-XIII in FIG. 12,
• FIG. 14 top view of the support according to FIG. 12.

The shoring device according to FIGS. 1 to 3 has supports 1, in the guide slots 5 shoring plates 2 and 3 made of steel are slidably guided. The connection between the supports 1 and the shoring plates 2, 3 in the longitudinal direction of the trench is brought about by vertical webs 4 and strips 6 connected to them. The webs 4, as shown in FIG. 2, are arranged at vertical distances 7 from one another. These distances form recesses in which rollers 8 are rotatably mounted on axle bolts. In the trench, mutually opposing supports 1 are mutually supported in pairs against the pressure of the soil by means of cross struts 10, in particular spreading.

As shown in FIG. 1, the upper shoring plates 2 are in the guide slots 5 closer to the trench wall and the lower shoring plates 3 are guided in the guide slots 5 closer to the center of the trench.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 6, the rollers 11 are equipped with wheel flanges 12, which are in engagement with the guide heads 13 of the shoring plates 2 and 3 and take over the function of the strips 6 in FIGS. 1 to 3. Since rollers 11 equipped with wheel flanges 12 are loaded not only in the radial direction but also in the axial direction, they must be mounted accordingly. Fig. 7 shows a corresponding storage. Two opposing shoulder ball bearings 14 are provided. The bearing is sealed against ingress of dirt by means of 0-ring seals 15.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 8 to 10. Between the guide head 13 of the shoring plate 2 and the web 4 of the support, rollers 16 designed as rolling elements are arranged. The rollers 16 are arranged with an overhang 18 such that the final pressure received by the shoring panels 2 is transmitted according to arrows 19 and 20 via the rollers 16 and their stub axles 21 to raceways of a vertical roller guide 17 connected to the web 4.

In Fig. 9 the upper roller 16 is shown in its upper rolling position of its track 22, while the two lower rollers 16 are shown in their lower rolling position. The axle stubs 21 roll on the raceway 22 between these rolling positions. In this example, the axle stub 21 makes a rolling movement of 360 ° and also the periphery of the roller 16. The distance traveled between the installation panel 2 and the support 1 corresponds in each direction to an amount of the axle stub circumference plus the roller circumference. In the upper or lower end position, the stub axles 21 run against stoppers 23, which receive the stub axles 21 in the manner of half-shells.

Fig. 10 shows a support 1, each with two parallel guide slots on each side of the support, so that two outer shoring plates 2 and two inner shoring plates 3 are supported in the support 1 via rollers 16 acting as rolling bodies.

11, the supports 1, 1 ', 1 "are made of double-T profiles and are connected to one another in the longitudinal direction by tie rods 30 or pull cables 31. The pull rods 30 have a turnbuckle 32. The pull cables 31 are anchored to the supports 1 in receiving bores 34 with the aid of shackles 33. Since the supports 1, 1 ', 1 "are kept at a defined distance via pull rods 30 and pull cables 31, the shoring plates 2, 3 _' ; 2 ', 3'; 2 ", 3" no angular guide heads. The design of the supports 1, 1 ', 1 "can also be simplified, with a non-positive connection between shoring plates 2, 2', 2"; 3, 3 ', 3 "and supports 1, 1', 1" are only produced via the rollers 8, 8 ', 8 "perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the trench installation device. Between the rollers arranged one above the other, as in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6 Webs 4 may be arranged.

The steel shoring panels 2, 3; 2 ', 3'; 2 ", 3" consist of welded U or Z-shaped sheet metal profiles with a wall thickness of 2 to 3 mm. Advantageously, the side edges of the shoring plate 2, 3 which are supported against the rollers 8, 8 ', 8 "of the supports 1, 1', 1"; 2 ', 3'; 2 ", 3" made of steel profiles with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm, or steel rails are attached to the side edges, which run on the rollers.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 12 to 14, the support 1 consists of a base wall 35 and two side walls 36, 37, which run at a distance from one another at right angles to the base wall 35, the edges of which are directed toward the inside of the trench have a thickening 38, each of which is slightly bent outwards are so that the space between the two side walls 36, 37 remains free for connecting the cross struts 10 or spreading.

To accommodate the axes 9 for the rollers 8, after making openings in the side walls 36, 37, tubes 39 are inserted through these side walls 36, 37, the ends of which are welded to the side walls 36, 37 on the outer surfaces of the side walls 36, 37 . Through these tubes 39, the axle bolts 9 are inserted, which on their ends projecting from the tubes 39 carry tubular rollers 8, which are held by Seeger retaining rings 40, which are held in grooves provided at the ends of the axle bolts 9.

The support 1 has two guiding slots 5 running on each side. The outer guide slots 5, which receive the upper shoring panels 2, are formed by the base wall 35 and the rollers 8, which are fastened to the support 1 at intervals of 50 or 80 cm from one another. So that the supports 1 on a trench wall are positively connected in the longitudinal direction of the trench via the shoring plate 2, strips 41 are welded to the edges of the base wall 35, which can be 10 mm high and 20 mm wide, for example, and on the outer sides of the guide edges 43 Corresponding strips 42 are welded onto the mounting plate 2. The play of the guide edges 43 of the shoring plates 2, 3 between the base wall 35 of the support 1 and the supporting rollers 8 is approximately 5 mm, so that an easy insertion of the shoring plate 2 into the outer guide slot 5 is possible. This insertion is additionally facilitated in that a web with an insertion slope 44 is arranged above the uppermost roller 8, so that the guide slots 5 are widened like a funnel at the upper end of the support 1.

The inner guide slots 5 'are formed by a second row of supporting rollers 8 and a row of leading rollers 28. The shoring plates 3 guided in the inner guide slots 5 ′ are designed in exactly the same way as the shoring plate 2 guided in the outer guide slots 5. Their strips 42 lie against the guide rollers 28 when they are inserted into the inner guide slots 5. The earth pressure is taken up by the supporting rollers 8. The guide rollers 28 and their axle bolts are constructed in exactly the same way as the supporting rollers 8 and their axle bolts 9 and are also fastened to the support 1 in an easily replaceable manner. The row of guide rollers 28 is offset slightly inward from the row of supporting rollers 8 of the outer guide slot 5, so that the distance between the upper, outer shoring plates 2 and the lower, inner shoring plates 3 is so large that also occur due to the earth pressure Deflection of the upper, outer shoring panels 2 does not lead to faults.

The thickness of the shoring plates 2, 3 and their guide edges 43 and the diameter of the rollers 8 can also be chosen so that the function of the guide rollers 28 is taken over by the supporting rollers 8 of the outer guide slot 8.

Furthermore, it may be appropriate to guide the inner guide slot 5 'from the lower end of the support 1 only to approximately above the center of the support 1, so that the supporting rollers 8 for the inner guide slot 5 'and the guide rollers 28 in the upper part of the support can be omitted.

12 and 14 show, the upper end of the support 1 is covered by a welded-on cover 45. This cover 45 and the welded-in tubes 39 stiffen the support 1. If necessary, additional transverse walls can be attached which connect the two side walls 36, 37 to one another at their free edges. As shown in FIG. 13, the strips 42, 43 are thicker than the greatest possible play of the shoring panels 2 in the guide slots 5. Thus, a positive connection of the supports 1 standing on a trench wall is achieved via the shoring panels 2 inserted into the outer guide slots 5. A corresponding positive connection via the shoring plates 3 to be inserted into the inner guide slots 5 'is not necessary. This embodiment has the advantage that there are no unnecessary parts on the supports 1 which could hinder the insertion of the shoring plates 2, 3 into the guide slots 5, 5 'of the supports.

Claims (11)

1. An apparatus for supporting the walls of a trench with support plates (2, 3) having a large area and whose side edges are guided and supported in guide slots (5) placed on the two sides of support (1), and the supports (1) are placed opposite each other in pairs and are spaced from each other by way of cross-supports (10) and for decreasing the friction between the support plates (2, 3) and the supports (1) there are rollers (8, 11, 16) turning about horizontal axes, characterized in that the side, furthest from the trench side, of the guide slots (5) is formed by a separate line of rollers (8, 11, 16) bearinged on the support (1).

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that between the rollers (8, 11, 16) bars (4) are placed and the distance (18) by which the rollers (8, 11, 16) are clear of the bars (4) is between 5 and 30 mm and more specially between 10 and 20 mm.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the rollers (11) have . flanges (12) lockingly joined with guide edge (13) and the side walls of the support plates (2 and 3).

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the rollers (16) take the form of rolling elements in an upright roller guide (17) between a rolling path (22) of the roller guide (17) and the support plate (2, 3) and are kept in place and uprightly guided thereby and the rollers (16) have on their two sides pins (21) which are supported on the rolling path (16, 20) of the roller guide (17).

5. An apparatus as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for keeping them to a defined vertical spacing matching the breadth of the support plates, between one support (1, 1', 1") and the next one, the supports are joined together by way of tie bars (20) or tie ropes (31) running in the length direction of the trench in holes (34) of the supports (1, 1', 1").

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5, characterized in that the support (1) is made up of a base wall (35) and two spaced side walls (36, 37) placed at a right angle thereto, and the side walls (36, 37) are joined together by way of pipes (39) welded to lined up hollows in the side walls (36, 37) and the pipes (39) placed on the turnpins of the rollers (8) so that they may be taken off them.

7. An apparatus as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rollers (8) are formed by lengths of pipe slipped onto the turn- pin (9) and are kept in place by circlips (40), taken up in grooves in the ends of the pins (9).

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that on the inner side of the edges of the base wall (35) of the support (1) and on the outer side of the support plates (2, 3) narrow bars (41, 42) are welded, whose height is about 5 to 15 mm and the play of the guide edges between base wall (35) and the supporting rollers (8) is about 5 to 8 mm.

9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the guide edges (53) of the support plates (2, 3) are about half as thick as the rest of the plate_°(2, 3) and are formed by steel sections welded along the side edges of the support plate (2,3).

10. An apparatus as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the side walls (36, 37) each have two guide slots (5, 5') for taking up support plates (2, 3), and each guide slots (5'), which in each case is on the inner side, is formed by supporting rollers (8) and guide rollers (8', 20).

11. An apparatus as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that over the uppermost rollers (8) there are bars (4) with inlet sloping faces, becoming wider in an upward direction like funnels for making the guide slots (5, 5') wider.

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