EP0044529B1 - Ablenkgitter für eine Fluidumströmung und seine Anwendung in einer Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Ablenkgitter für eine Fluidumströmung und seine Anwendung in einer Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0044529B1
EP0044529B1 EP81105578A EP81105578A EP0044529B1 EP 0044529 B1 EP0044529 B1 EP 0044529B1 EP 81105578 A EP81105578 A EP 81105578A EP 81105578 A EP81105578 A EP 81105578A EP 0044529 B1 EP0044529 B1 EP 0044529B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grid
fluid
strip
plane
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81105578A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0044529A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Poux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
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Alsthom Atlantique SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alsthom Atlantique SA filed Critical Alsthom Atlantique SA
Publication of EP0044529A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044529A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0044529B1 publication Critical patent/EP0044529B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/001—Flow of fluid from conduits such as pipes, sleeves, tubes, with equal distribution of fluid flow over the evacuation surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a deflection grid of a fluid stream for receiving an incident fluid stream arriving in a direction of incidence and forming an emerging fluid stream flowing in a substantially uniform manner over its entire section away from the grid in a direction of emergence differing by more than 45 ° from the direction of incidence, this grid having orifices distributed over its entire surface.
  • Such a grid is known, for example from document US-A-4,173,831.
  • it consists of a plurality of thin sheets in the shape of an inverted U. It is used to direct drying air jets at objects.
  • the known grid presents certain defects: Indeed, the space between two neighboring sheets not being rigorously constant, it is difficult to ensure the homogeneity of the flow .
  • the increase in the number of sheets being limited by mechanical considerations, it is impossible to distribute the fluid in a sufficiently high number of jets so that one can speak of a homogeneous current behind the grid.
  • a similar arrangement is moreover described in document FR-A-975,566.
  • Fluid circulation chambers usually include a fluid inlet distributor grid and a fluid outlet or return grid.
  • the purpose of the inlet grids is to cause a deflection of the flow with fluid deceleration, and the outlet grate a deflection of the flow with fluid acceleration, so as to establish a uniform velocity field between these grids.
  • the correcting system for entering the fluid can be improved by creating a flow rectifying effect using a thick perforated sheet, such that the ratio of the thickness of this sheet to the diameter of the perforations is sufficiently high and greater than five.
  • the fluid which penetrates obliquely into the perforations, sticks to the walls of said perforations, then exits in jets of direction substantially normal to the plane of this sheet.
  • This arrangement has the drawback of requiring either the use of thick, heavy and costly sheets, or of very thinly perforated sheets of medium thickness, which makes them susceptible to fouling by solid particles which may be suspended in drying air.
  • a variant sometimes used with some success consists in using panels in the shape of a honeycomb of sufficient thickness to obtain a good straightening of the flow.
  • the honeycomb has the disadvantage of a low pressure drop and of very variable value depending on the angle of incidence of the fluid on its surface. Its application thus remains limited to situations in which the fluid to be diverted is itself brought to the panel with a very regular speed and direction, which can lead to adding a perforated sheet metal to create an additional distributing average pressure drop.
  • the glued honeycombs have very limited temperature resistance.
  • the perforated sheet having no deflector effect on the air which passes therethrough almost normally, it is created, to set in motion the air at high speed in a generally parallel direction at the grid in the outlet passage, a significant difference in pressure in this passage with respect to its end arranged at the intake of a fan.
  • the object of the invention is simply to obtain good uniformity of the fluid stream downstream of an inlet grid and / or upstream of an outlet grid, this without creating an excessive pressure drop.
  • the height of the waves is between 1.5 and 5 times the width of the bottom strip.
  • the invention also relates to a device for circulating a fluid to make an object interact with a fluid in uniform flow in an internal chamber, this circulation chamber being characterized in that it comprises an inlet grid according to claim 1 and means for placing said object downstream of this grid a distance at least equal to 10 times the undulation pitch of the latter.
  • grids in the form of a thin corrugated and perforated sheet already exist, see for example the document GB-A-718418. Holes are located at the bottom of the corrugations and near a sheet that is to be treated by jets of the fluid passing through the orifices. The fluid is then sucked in by a fan which communicates with other orifices in the grid, these orifices being located at the tops of the undulations.
  • the grid is therefore used for the separation of the two fluids, namely the fresh fluid and the used fluid, which both cross against the sheet.
  • drying In drying, and in particular in the drying of a multitude of elaborate or pasty objects which cannot be placed in bulk in contact with one another, it is necessary to use drying chambers of large dimensions where the product to be dried offers little resistance to the flow of hot coolant gas. It is necessary to create throughout the extent of the drying chamber at the same time a circulation at uniform speed of the fluid itself brought to uniform temperature to obtain a dried product of regular quality, and to ensure a speed of said fluid sufficiently high to increase the dryer production and reduce the cost of investments and heat losses through the dryer walls.
  • the heat transfer fluid suitably heated and dried, generally by extracting hot humid air and admitting fresh dry air, is recycled to the product to be dried.
  • the space reserved for housing the fluid recycling circuits is of such limited dimensions that the recycled fluid flows therein with a speed much higher than that which it possessed by crossing the drying chamber; it is therefore necessary to control its admission at high speed into the drying chamber and its resumption at the outlet thereof, functions which are carried out by the use of deflection grids according to the invention ensuring at the same time the distribution functions or of recovery.
  • the drying chamber 1 of the dryer contains the sheets of pasta 18 suspended on horizontal rods 2 which run perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in the dryer.
  • the dryer shown has for simplicity only a single layer of pasta.
  • the air contained in the heat-insulated enclosure 6 of the dryer is recycled by a fan 3 and a heating battery 4 installed in a lateral corridor 5, then is admitted into an upper entry corridor 7 through a flat entry grille 11 on the pasta curtain.
  • the speed in lane 7 can reach a value greater by at least three to five times the value of the average speed desired on the pasta curtain through the drying chamber; likewise, the air is taken up at the lower part of the drying chamber 1 through a flat outlet grille 12 and sucked in a lower exit corridor 8 at a high speed.
  • the degree of drying of the pasta obtained is then very uneven and the production of the dryer is reduced, even if the device is used to periodically reverse the direction of air circulation, because the phenomena of drying are not linear over time.
  • FIG 2 there is shown in the same schematic form a dryer according to the invention produced so as to obtain a good distribution of the air flow over the pasta.
  • the air from the lateral corridor 5 is introduced into the upper corridor 7 after having been deflected in a conventional manner by a deflecting grid 9.
  • a convergent shape is given to the corridor 7 using the upper external wall 10 of the dryer which is arranged at an angle, the law of linearly decreasing section of the channel thus formed being, as is well known, the theoretical law suitable for ensuring the compatibility of an aerodynamic field of uniform approach in speed and pressure in lane 7 with a sampling uniform flow through the inlet distributor grid 11.
  • an outlet or return grille 12 intended to deflect the air by accelerating it, returns it obliquely into the divergent lower corridor 8.
  • This corridor 8 is produced by means of the lower external wall 13, according to a law of linearly increasing section, suitable for ensuring the regular evacuation of the flow injected uniformly by the grid of so room 12 of room 1.
  • the velocity and pressure fields in the inlet lane 7, in the drying chamber on the »Iit « of pasta and in the recovery lane 8, are then uniform if the inlet distribution grid 11 deflects the oblique flow of the corridor 7 in a vertical flow at the entrance to the chamber and if the outlet grid 12 ensures a deflection of the vertical flow in an oblique flow at its exit according to a leak angle equal to the angle slope of the outer wall 13.
  • the inlet distribution grid 11 shown in FIG. 3 is obtained from a thin stamped panel so as to form corrugations having facing the flow of the roundings 15 arranged in parallel according to a step referenced at 14.
  • the roundings 15 are extend by upstream flanks 16 and downstream flanks 16 'relative to the incident flow represented by an arrow 25. These flanks are rectilinear and inclined on the normal to the plane of the panel, so as to form channels 19 which converge slightly towards a bottom 23 having perforations 20 leaving spacer tongues 21.
  • the grid 11 is folded at the bottom of the channel 19 in a flat or rounded shape.
  • the width referenced 17, of the perforated bottom 23 is at most equal to 1.5 times the projection of the pitch 14 of the undulations on a plane perpendicular to the generally oblique direction of the incident flow 25. It follows that, for the angle normal incidence of the flow of the fluid to be diverted and distributed over the grid 11, the approach speed of the fluid diverted to the bottom of the channel retains a value close to and at least equal to 0.6 times the value of the speed of incident flow 25.
  • the day or rate of perforation created by the perforations 20 does not exceed 85% so as to leave tabs 21 of sufficient width to ensure the mechanical continuity of the corrugations and the good performance of the panel grid.
  • the day at the bottom of the channel can, however, be reduced to values lower than 85%, for example up to 50%, to improve if necessary the distributing qualities of the grid at the cost of an increased pressure drop.
  • the height of the channel referenced at 26 is between 1.5 and 5 times the width 17 of the bottom 23 of a channel 19.
  • the inclination of the sides 16 and 16 'of the undulations on the normal to the overall plane of the grid is not more than 20 ° angle.
  • the fluid escapes from the perforations 20 in the form of high-speed jets, which after diffusion form a uniform velocity flow which is restored at a distance downstream from the grid of the order of ten times the step 14 of the undulations.
  • a distributing grid with a given profile retains its deflecting and distributing qualities for a large range of incident angles of the fluid to be distributed, from an angle of approach normal to the grid up to a maximum value of the angle of approach in oblique attack of the panel.
  • This value can be all the higher as the ratio of the space 17 at the bottom of the channel to the pitch 14 is low.
  • the flow takes off on the rounded edges 15 ′ in order to abut and rebound on the downstream flank 16 ′ of the channel 19, disposed opposite the incident flow, the output jets can even be returned in a direction opposite to the direction of flow approach.
  • auxiliary perforations 24 can be provided in the downstream sides 16 ′ at the limit of the rounding 15 of the wave, on the side opposite to the oblique impact of the fluid to deviate.
  • the fluid sucked in by the auxiliary perforations 24 results in the resorption of the release pockets and at the same time causes the correct rounding of the roundness 15 of the corrugation.
  • the fluid sucked through the perforations 24 serves to supply the downstream flow through the dead space located under the grid 11 and thus improves the uniformity of the flow of the fluid downstream of the panel.
  • the auxiliary perforations 24 can be at most equal to the normal perforation 20 of the bottom 23 of the channels 19.
  • the essential qualities resulting from the distribution grid according to FIG. 3 are aerodynamic, technical and economic.
  • the grid adapts to a very variable angle of incidence of the approach flow up to a high limit angle depending on the perforations and the profiling of said grid, this good ability being linked to the presence rounded 15 of the corrugation facing the flow and the converging shape of the channels 19 between the flanks 16 and 16 'of the rounded, the flow being deflected and traversing said channels practically without slowing down or losses.
  • the pressure drop of the grid is weakly dependent on the approach angle up to the limit angle of use, the loss being practically only constituted by the diffusion of the jets from the perforations 20 by sudden widening at the outlet.
  • the grid thus has practically the minimum loss for deviating and distributing the fluid in an oblique approach.
  • the manufacturing principle by stamping, we obtain a very regular grid, rigid and light, without welding or gluing, which allows to use it at high temperature if it is metallic.
  • the grid is not very sensitive to the fouling phenomenon because of its rounded shape facing the flow and the absence of re-entrant angles, where particles could be deposited.
  • the undulation pitch is chosen to be less than 1/10 of the distance between the grid 11 and the pasta plies 18 so as to ensure uniform flow at the level of these plies.
  • the use of the distributing grid according to the invention is not limited to the sole case of the general oblique approach at a constant angle of the fluid flow to be diverted and distributed, but can be extended to the case of fluids approaching from different angles in space.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the outlet grid 12 from the chamber 1 and of entry into the exit corridor.
  • the purpose of the outlet grille 12 is to deflect the air and return it at an oblique exit angle by accelerating it, the directions of incidence and emergence being represented by the arrows 25 'and 42' respectively.
  • the grid 12 consists of a thin-walled panel from which perforations 33 have been previously cut. The panel is then pleated by stamping so as to form blades 30 parallel to each other, at the step referenced at 29. The blades 30 are inclined on the overall plane of the grid 12 a wedging angle referenced at 31 the smaller the greater the deflection of the desired flow. The blades 30 are mechanically joined together by tongues 32 remaining after perforation of the panel and forming an angle 39 with the blades 30.
  • the fluid which passes through the grid 12 abuts against the blades 30 and passes after separation of the flow on the upstream lip 34 of the blade 30 in the perforations 33 released by cutting between the tongues 32.
  • These perforations 33 can be square or rectangular , or even oblong or circular.
  • the deviation sought is all the more easily obtained and for a pressure drop all the lower the greater the projection referenced at 38 of the blade 30 on the plane of the panel of the grid 12 compared to the pitch referenced at 29, the projection referenced at 37 of the tongue 32 being reduced to the minimum compatible with the requirements for folding the tongue 32.
  • the gap 37 is approximately equal to twice the minimum internal radius of folding of the sheet. This radius is therefore approximately five times the thickness of the sheet metal constituting the panel.
  • the outlet grid 12 according to the invention can be attacked by the fluid at an angle deviating from the normal to the grid. It then transforms the tangential component normal to the generators of the blades and keeps the tengential component parallel to the generators and restores the component normal to the plane of the grid after diffusion of the output jets.
  • the grid 12 will be used without approach component parallel to the generatrices of the blades 30.
  • the exit angle of the speed varies as a function of the angle of approach with normal to the grid. For sufficiently deviating grids, more than 70 °, this exit angle varies however quite small for an oblique attack not deviating by more than 20 ° from the normal attack, and the same grid can be used in this range, which allows it to be placed obliquely if necessary at the outlet of the drying chamber.
  • the outlet grids according to the invention have deflecting and distributing qualities, in particular in association with a divergent return passage 8 which brings their performance closer to that which could theoretically be achieved with a grid of the turbine blade type, while keeping the qualities of simplicity and economy of construction, robustness and the advantage of a large format.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Ablenkgitter für eine Fluidströmung, um aus einem einfallenden Fluidstrom, der gemäß einer Einfallsrichtung (25) ankommt, einen austretenden Fluidstrom zu bilden, der in einem Abstand vom Gitter über den ganzen Querschnitt im wesentlichen gleichmäßig gemäß einer Austrittsrichtung (42) verläuft, die sich um mehr als 45° von der Einfallsrichtung unterscheidet, wobei dieses Gitter Öffnungen aufweist, die über seine ganze Oberfläche verteilt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die allgemeine Form einer Platte (11) besitzt, die aus mindestens einem dünnen gewellten und gelochten Blech besteht, wobei die Richtung der Wellen sowohl zur Einfalls- als auch zur Austrittsrichtung senkrecht verläuft und jede Welle des Blechs ausgehend von der Austrittsseite aufweist
-- ein im wesentlichen ebenes Bodenband (23) parallel zur Mittelebene, mit einer Breite, die hÖchstens gleich 1,5mal der Projektion des Abstands zweier Wellen auf eine Ebene senkrecht zur Einfallsrichtung (25) ist, und mit Hauptöffnungen (20),
- zwei im wesentlichen ebene Seitenbänder (16, 16') zu beiden Seiten des Bodenbandes, die von ihm ausgehend auseinanderlaufen,
- und ein gekrümmtes Gipfelband (15), das eFnes der Seitenbänder dieser Welle mit einem Seitenband der benachbarten Welle verbindet, wobei die konkave Seite sich auf der Seite des austretenden Fluids befindet.
2. Gitter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Hilfsöffnungen (24) übergreifend auf dem Gipfelband (15) und dem Seitenband (16') gebildet sind, das sich stromabwärts hinter dem Gipfelband in bezug auf den einfallenden Fluß befindet.
3. Gitter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe der Wellen zwischen 1,5-und 5mal die Breite des Bodenbands (23) ausmacht.
4. Ablenkgitter für eine Fluidströmung, um aus einem einfallenden Fluidstrom, der gemäß einer Einfallsrichtung (25') ankommt, einen austretenden Fluidstrom zu bilden, der in einer Austrittsrichtung (42') austritt, die sich um mehr als 45° von der Einfallsrichtung unterscheidet, wobei dieses Gitter auf seine ganze Oberfläche verteilt Öffnungen aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die allgemeine Form einer Platte (12) aufweist, die aus mindestens einem gewellten und gelochten dünnen Blech besteht, wobei die Richtung der Wellen sowohl zur Einfalls- als auch zur Austrittsrichtung senkrecht liegt und jede Welle des Blechs
- aus einem im wesentlichen ebenen Führungsband (30), das den einfallenden Fluß zu Öffnungen (33) umlenkt, und
- aus einem gelochten Band (32, 33) besteht, das im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Ebene der Platte liegt,
- wobei die Löcher (33) sich über die ganze Breite des gelochten Bands derart erstrekken, daß das Fluid aus diesen Öffnungen (33) in schrägen von der Platte abgelösten Strahlen austritt, wobei diese Strahlen nach der Diffusion wieder einen gleichmäßigen Fluß am Ausgang bilden, der stark zur Ebene der Platte geneigt ist.
5. Gitter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Neigungswinkel (31) der Führungslamellen (30) zur Ebene der Platte höchstens gleich 45° ist.
6. Vorrichtung zum Umlauf eines Fluids, um einen Gegenstand und ein gleichmäßig strömendes Fluid in einer Kammer miteinander in Beziehung treten zu lassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein Eingangsgitter nach Anspruch 1 und Mittel aufweist, um den Gegenstand (18) stromabwärts hinter dieses Gitter (11) zu bringen in einem Abstand, der mindestens zehnmal so groß wie der Abstand zweier Wellen dieses Gitters ist.
7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer (1) zwischen einem Eingangsgitter (11) gemäß Anspruch 1 und einem Ausgangsgitter (12) gemäß Anspruch 4 gegenüber dem Eingangsgitter angeordnet ist.
EP81105578A 1980-07-23 1981-07-16 Ablenkgitter für eine Fluidumströmung und seine Anwendung in einer Vorrichtung Expired EP0044529B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8016221 1980-07-23
FR8016221A FR2487450A1 (fr) 1980-07-23 1980-07-23 Chambre de circulation d'un courant de fluide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0044529A1 EP0044529A1 (de) 1982-01-27
EP0044529B1 true EP0044529B1 (de) 1984-01-11

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EP81105578A Expired EP0044529B1 (de) 1980-07-23 1981-07-16 Ablenkgitter für eine Fluidumströmung und seine Anwendung in einer Vorrichtung

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US (1) US4380877A (de)
EP (1) EP0044529B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5765315A (de)
CA (1) CA1163798A (de)
DE (1) DE3161892D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2487450A1 (de)

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US4757800A (en) * 1987-01-14 1988-07-19 Lincoln Foodservice Products, Inc. Air flow system for a low profile impingement oven
US5488785A (en) * 1993-09-23 1996-02-06 Culp; George Controlled upper row airflow method and apparatus
US5414944A (en) * 1993-11-03 1995-05-16 Culp; George Method and apparatus for decreasing separation about a splitter plate in a kiln system
DE19720065C1 (de) * 1997-05-14 1998-12-17 Helmut Fresenberger Ofen zum Trocknen von lackierten Proben
US6467190B2 (en) 2000-03-22 2002-10-22 George R. Gulp Drying kiln
US6219937B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2001-04-24 George R. Culp Reheaters for kilns, reheater-like structures, and associated methods
US6370792B1 (en) 2000-09-01 2002-04-16 George R. Culp Structure and methods for introducing heated ari into a kiln chamber
FR2911393B1 (fr) * 2007-01-16 2009-04-03 3A Soc Responsabilite Limitee Unite mobile de sechage des produits de finition
US8543245B2 (en) * 2009-11-20 2013-09-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Systems and methods for specifying an operational parameter for a pumping system
DE102010024020B4 (de) * 2010-06-16 2019-08-01 Clyde Bergemann Drycon Gmbh Fördermittel und Verfahren zum Fördern von heißem Material
ITVI20110209A1 (it) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 Feltre Srl Impianto di essiccazione per pelli con circolazione d'aria perfezionata
KR102416936B1 (ko) * 2017-11-29 2022-07-05 엘지전자 주식회사 냉장고
CN111076498B (zh) * 2019-12-25 2021-06-11 广东利元亨智能装备股份有限公司 电芯的干燥方法
IT202000004933A1 (it) * 2020-03-09 2021-09-09 Storci S P A Apparato per l’essiccazione di un prodotto

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FR975566A (fr) * 1942-02-21 1951-03-07 Anciens Ets Brissonneau & Lotz Perfectionnements aux appareils de chauffage ou de refroidissement des produits alimentaires
GB718418A (en) * 1950-01-21 1954-11-17 Julien Dungler Improvement in method and apparatus for treating fibrous sheet material by superheated steam or vapours
FR1088468A (fr) * 1952-11-28 1955-03-08 Courtaulds Ltd Perfectionnements aux séchoirs-tunnels
FR1497984A (fr) * 1966-10-28 1967-10-13 Windmoeller & Hoelscher Dispositif pour le traitement de feuilles continues de matériau en mouvement, de préférence de feuilles continues de papier ou de matière plastique, à l'aide d'un fluide gazeux
US3765103A (en) * 1971-12-03 1973-10-16 Foamat Foods Corp Plural gas stream dryer
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2487450B1 (de) 1984-04-06
US4380877A (en) 1983-04-26
DE3161892D1 (en) 1984-02-16
FR2487450A1 (fr) 1982-01-29
EP0044529A1 (de) 1982-01-27
CA1163798A (fr) 1984-03-20
JPS5765315A (en) 1982-04-20

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