EP0044351B1 - Alliage dur se composant d'une ou plusieurs matières dures et d'un alliage de métal liant, et procédé pour sa production - Google Patents

Alliage dur se composant d'une ou plusieurs matières dures et d'un alliage de métal liant, et procédé pour sa production Download PDF

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EP0044351B1
EP0044351B1 EP80104274A EP80104274A EP0044351B1 EP 0044351 B1 EP0044351 B1 EP 0044351B1 EP 80104274 A EP80104274 A EP 80104274A EP 80104274 A EP80104274 A EP 80104274A EP 0044351 B1 EP0044351 B1 EP 0044351B1
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powder
hard
alloy
metal
metals
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EP0044351A1 (fr
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Helmut Dr. Holleck
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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Priority to EP80104274A priority Critical patent/EP0044351B1/fr
Priority to AT80104274T priority patent/ATE11574T1/de
Priority to DE8080104274T priority patent/DE3070055D1/de
Priority to JP56112046A priority patent/JPS5751239A/ja
Priority to US06/286,376 priority patent/US4432794A/en
Publication of EP0044351A1 publication Critical patent/EP0044351A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hard alloy consisting of one or more hard materials and a binary or multinary binder metal alloy which contains at least one metal from group 8 of the periodic table of the elements and / or rhenium.
  • Hard metals or hard alloys have already been described in R. Kieffer, F. Benesovsky “Hartmetalle” (1965), pages 216 to 223.
  • Hard metals with a base carbide made of chromium carbide (Cr 3C2) with 12% or 15% nickel binder have good wear resistance and high corrosion resistance.
  • Such chrome carbide hard metals are relatively brittle, which has to be taken into account in the case of impact loads.
  • With increasing nickel content the corrosion resistance of Cr 3 C 2 hard metals also decreases.
  • the low toughness and poor resistance to temperature changes preclude the use of Cr3C2 hard metals as high-temperature materials.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a material with high strength, high hardness and high wear resistance, which is largely resistant to corrosive (sometimes also oxidizing) media.
  • the process of its manufacture should be simple.
  • Advantageous configurations of the hard alloy are characterized by hard material-to-binder metal alloy ratios in the range between 90 vol.% Hard material / 10 vol.% Binder metal alloy and 5 vol.% Hard material / 95 vol.% Binder metal alloy.
  • the carbide in the hard alloy has a composition which corresponds to a transition metal to carbon ratio (atomic ratio) in the range from 1: 1 to 2: 1.
  • the proportion of platinum metal in the binder metal alloy is replaced by up to 90 atomic% by iron, cobalt or nickel.
  • Hard alloys consisting of one or more carbides of the transition metals titanium, zirconium, hafnium (group 4A of the Periodic Table of the Elements), vanadium, niobium, tantalum (group 5A) and tungsten (in group 6A) and a metallic binder made of at least one metal , which is selected from a group comprising platinum, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium, are known from DE-A-2011082.
  • the metallic binder can contain an additional metal or additional metals from the group consisting of iridium, osmium, nickel, cobalt and iron. At least the metals ruthenium and palladium in the binder are said to have the effect of completely suppressing the growth of the granules and in some cases actively reducing the grain size of the metal carbides during sintering.
  • Hard alloys such as the hard alloys according to the invention, which all contain binary or multinary binder metal alloys which have both one or more metals from group 8 of the Periodic Table of the Elements or rhenium and one or more transition metals from groups 4A, 5A and 6A, are shown in DE-A-2011082 not addressed.
  • chrome powder is mixed with a powder of one or more of the metals from the group Ru, Rh, Ir and Pt and with carbon powder in a ratio that corresponds to the formulas or complies with this resultant mixed formulas, mixed and melted the mixture after pressing to form an intermediate range Henden carbide or at temperatures above the decomposition temperatures of the respective Petrokomponen strength Carbide t sintered.
  • molybdenum powder is mixed with a powder or. several metals from the group Re, Ru, Rh, Os, lr, Pt and with carbon powder in a ratio that matches the formulas or from these resulting mixing formulas, mixed and the mixture after pressing to form an intermediate carbide melted or sintered at temperatures above the decomposition temperatures of the respective multicomponent carbides.
  • tungsten powder is mixed with a powder of one or more of the metals from the group Ru, Rh, Os and Pt and with carbon powder in a ratio that corresponds to the formulas or from these resulting mixing formulas, mixed and the mixture after pressing to form an intermediate carbide melted or sintered at temperatures above the decomposition temperatures of the respective multicomponent carbides.
  • Chromium, molybdenum and tungsten carbides are particularly suitable as carbides; as metal phase alloys based on (Pt-Cr), (Pt-Mo), (Pt-W), (Pd-Cr), (Pd-Mo), (Pd-W), (Ru-Cr), ( Ru-Mo), (Ru-W) or other platinum metals with Cr, Mo and W.
  • the invention is characterized in that ternary high-temperature carbides are obtained which decompose into a carbide phase and a solid platinum metal alloy when cooled or during heat treatment at medium temperatures (approx. 1273 K to 1575 K).
  • the heat treatment can be controlled in such a way that extremely fine-grained microstructures with uniform carbide distribution are created. This brings with it a high level of hardness and strength and is the basis for favorable wear behavior.
  • a hard alloy with 63 vol .-% metal phase and 37 vol .-% carbide (Mo 2 C) still has a hardness of 1060 HV and, according to the crack length method, a very high toughness.
  • the hard alloys according to the invention are fine-grained composite materials with a total composition of the square a-b-c-d in FIG. 1 consisting of a carbide phase and metal alloys with the components shown in FIG. 1.
  • the production method is also an essential component of the invention: a high-temperature sintering or melting process produces a ternary carbide, which is decomposed into a binary carbide phase and a binary metal phase at lower temperatures.
  • hard alloys according to the invention can also be produced in the region designated in FIG. 1 with other transition metals from groups 4A, 5A and 6A and the platinum metals mentioned.
  • a material based on molybdenum carbide (Mo, Pt) alloy was obtained by melting or sintering above 1575 K of a mixture of Mo / Pt / C 50/35/15 at.%. Such a sample is located at the end of the ternary carbide (Mo, Pt) G ⁇ 0.1 in the isothermal diagram of the Mo-Pt-C system at 1773 K. Subsequent annealing at 1373 K led to decay according to the phase relationships in the diagram at 1373 K in Mo 2 C and ⁇ - (Mo, Pt). The contents of the metallic or carbide phase can be varied as required. WC- (W, Ir) or WC (W, Pt) alloys with very high metal contents have also been produced.
  • a W / Pt / C alloy with 50 at.% W, 40 at.% Pt and 10 at.% C is melted or sintered at 2273 K, cooled rapidly and then homogenized at temperatures around 1373 K. The finest WC and W 2 C particles are then dissolved in a (W, Pt) matrix.
  • a W / Rh / C alloy with 40 at.% W, 40 at.% Rh and 20 at.% C is melted or sintered at 2273 K, rapidly cooled and then homogenized at 1773 K.
  • the microstructure shows WC and W2C particles of about 1 to 2 pm, homogeneously distributed in a (W, Rh) alloy.
  • Wear and corrosion-resistant hard metals of the specified type can be used in tools and wear parts in a particularly corrosive (and sometimes oxidation-prone) environment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Alliage dur constitué d'un ou plusieurs matériaux durs et d'un alliage formant métal liant, qui contient un métal du groupe 8b du système périodique des éléments, caractérisé en ce que:
a) il se présente sous la forme d'une répartition homogène finement dispersée de matériaux durs dans l'alliage formant métal liant,
b) les matériaux durs sont constitués par des carbures des métaux de transition des groupes 4A, 5A, et 6A du système périodique des éléments, et
c) les métaux liants sont constitués d'alliages solides des métaux de transition des groupes 4A, 5A et 6A du système périodique des éléments avec du rhénium (Re) ou un des métaux du groupe du platine (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt), dans lequel la part des métaux du groupe du platine peut être remplacée jusqu'à 90% d'atomes par du fer, cobalt ou nickel, et
d) les métaux de transition de même composition que les matériaux durs sont semblables aux métaux de transition dans l'alliage du métal liant.
2. Alliage dur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on prévoit des rapports entre les matériaux durs et l'alliage formant métal liant qui se situent entre 90% en volume de matériau dur pour 10% en volume d'alliage liant, et 5% en volume de matériau dur pour 95% en volume d'alliage formant métal liant.
3. Alliage dur suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le carbure a une composition qui correspond à un rapport entre le métal de transition et le carbone de l'order de 1:1 à 2:1.
4. Alliage dur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la portion de métal du platine dans l'alliage formant métal liant est remplacée dans une proportion qui peut atteindre 90 atomes % par du fer, du cobalt ou du nickel.
5. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un alliage dur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que:
a) on mélange une poudre d'un métal de transition de l'un des groupes 4B, 5B ou 6B avec une poudre du métal rhénium ou d'un métal du platine et avec du carbone en poudre dans un rapport stoechiomètrique qui correspond à des carbures comportant 2 composants métalliques ou plus,
b) le mélange de poudres obtenu suivant a) est pressé en pièces moulées,
c) les pièces moulées pressées sont fondues ou frittées, à des températures de 1575 K ou plus, et, toutefois, dans tous les cas, à des températures supérieures à la température de décomposition du carbure à composants multiples concerné,
d) elles sont soumises ensuite à une cuisson de séparation ou d'homogénéisation et refroidies.
6. Procédé suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on mélange du chrome en poudre avec une poudre d'un ou plusieurs des métaux du groupe Ru, Rh, Ir et Pt et avec de la poudre de carbone dans un rapport qui correspond aux formules:
Figure imgb0029
Figure imgb0030
Figure imgb0031
et
Figure imgb0032
ou à des formules mixtes ressortant de ces dernières, et, après pressage, fond ou fritte le mélange pour obtenir la formation d'un carbure intermédiaire, à des températures supérieures à la température de décomposition des carbures à composants multiples concernés.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on mélange du molybdène en poudre avec une poudre d'un ou plusieurs métaux du groupe Re, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir, Pt et avec du carbone en poudre, dans un rapport qui correspond aux formules:
Figure imgb0033
Figure imgb0034
Figure imgb0035
Figure imgb0036
Figure imgb0037
et
Figure imgb0038
ou à des formules mixtes ressortant de ces dernières, et fond ou fritte le mélange après l'avoir pressé, pour former un carbure intermédiaire, à des températures supérieures à la température de dé composition du carbure à composants multiples intéressé.
8. Procédé suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on mélange du tungstène en poudre avec une poudre d'un ou plusieurs des métaux du groupe Ru, Rh, Os et Pt et avec du carbone en poudre, dans un rapport qui correspond aux formules:
Figure imgb0039
Figure imgb0040
Figure imgb0041
et
Figure imgb0042
ou à des formules mixtes ressortant de ces dernières, et fond ou fritte le mélange après pressage pour former un carbure qui se formera de façon intermédiaire, à des températures 'supérieures à la température de décomposition des carbures à composants multiples intéressés.
9. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un alliage dur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que:
a) l'on mélange une poudre d'un carbure, préparé préalablement, d'un métal de transition de l'un des groupes 4B, 5B ou 6B avec une poudre d'un métal de transition de l'un des groupes 4B, 5B ou 6B et avec une poudre du métal Re ou de l'un des métaux du groupe du platine dans un rapport stoechiométrique qui corresponde à des carbures à deux composants métalliques ou plus,
b) on presse le mélange de poudres suivant a) en pièces pressées moulées,
c) on fond ou fritte, les pièces moulées à des températures de 1575 K ou plus, toutefois, dans tous les cas, à des températures supérieures à la température de décomposition du carbure à composants multiples concerné et
d) on soumet ensuite à une cuisson de séparation ou d'homogénéisation et refroidit.
EP80104274A 1980-07-19 1980-07-19 Alliage dur se composant d'une ou plusieurs matières dures et d'un alliage de métal liant, et procédé pour sa production Expired EP0044351B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80104274A EP0044351B1 (fr) 1980-07-19 1980-07-19 Alliage dur se composant d'une ou plusieurs matières dures et d'un alliage de métal liant, et procédé pour sa production
AT80104274T ATE11574T1 (de) 1980-07-19 1980-07-19 Hartlegierung, bestehend aus einem oder mehreren hartstoffen und einer bindemetall-legierung, und verfahren zum herstellen dieser legierung.
DE8080104274T DE3070055D1 (en) 1980-07-19 1980-07-19 Hard alloy consisting of one or several hard substances and a binding metal alloy, and process for producing this alloy
JP56112046A JPS5751239A (en) 1980-07-19 1981-07-17 Hard alloy and method
US06/286,376 US4432794A (en) 1980-07-19 1981-07-17 Hard alloy comprising one or more hard phases and a binary or multicomponent binder metal alloy

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EP80104274A EP0044351B1 (fr) 1980-07-19 1980-07-19 Alliage dur se composant d'une ou plusieurs matières dures et d'un alliage de métal liant, et procédé pour sa production

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EP0044351B1 true EP0044351B1 (fr) 1985-01-30

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EP (1) EP0044351B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5751239A (fr)
AT (1) ATE11574T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3070055D1 (fr)

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US5134039A (en) * 1988-04-11 1992-07-28 Leach & Garner Company Metal articles having a plurality of ultrafine particles dispersed therein
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US5139891A (en) * 1991-07-01 1992-08-18 Olin Corporation Palladium alloys having utility in electrical applications
US5236789A (en) * 1991-07-01 1993-08-17 Olin Corporation Palladium alloys having utility in electrical applications
US5476531A (en) * 1992-02-20 1995-12-19 The Dow Chemical Company Rhenium-bound tungsten carbide composites
JPH07268709A (ja) * 1994-03-23 1995-10-17 Kinzoku Kogyo Kenkyu Hatten Chushin 布グリッパー
US6197253B1 (en) 1998-12-21 2001-03-06 Allen Broomfield Lead-free and cadmium-free white metal casting alloy
US6946096B2 (en) * 2002-05-03 2005-09-20 Honeywell International, Inc. Use of powder metal sintering/diffusion bonding to enable applying silicon carbide or rhenium alloys to face seal rotors
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US20070034048A1 (en) * 2003-01-13 2007-02-15 Liu Shaiw-Rong S Hardmetal materials for high-temperature applications
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EP1922427A4 (fr) * 2005-08-19 2009-03-18 Genius Metal Inc Materiaux a base de metaux durs pour applications a haute temperature
US8512882B2 (en) * 2007-02-19 2013-08-20 TDY Industries, LLC Carbide cutting insert
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EP0044351A1 (fr) 1982-01-27
US4432794A (en) 1984-02-21
JPS5751239A (en) 1982-03-26
ATE11574T1 (de) 1985-02-15
DE3070055D1 (en) 1985-03-14

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