EP0042065B1 - Method and means for erecting walls made of glass bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for erecting walls made of glass structural bricks and a joint-lining in which the said bricks are built up with the joint-mortar, if necessary strengthened with reinforcing elements, with substantially horizontal and vertical joints, brick by brick, from bottom to top of the wall and the joints therein are lined, in connection with which, and for the purpose of reducing the need for skilled masons to such an extent that correct laying of the glass bricks may also be carried out by unskilled and untrained labor, and so that the amount of equipment required at the work-site may be considerably reduced or completely eliminated, provision is made, according to the invention, for the respective outer and inner linings of the horizontal and vertical joints to be applied, whereupon the lining of at least one horizontal joint, possibly after inspection of the reinforcing rods between the said joint-linings, is used as a lost outer shuttering for the joint-mortar and serves thereafter as a retainer for the glass bricks which are placed upon the linings of the horizontal joints and against the linings of the vertical joints, thus forming, together with the joint-linings, mould-cavities for the joint-mortar to be poured into the joints.

Description

The invention relates primarily to a method for erecting glass brick walls according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for performing this method.

With glass blocks, walls can be erected compared to masonry of other training, more advantageous building physical properties. B. in an improved insulation effect and consist in that such walls have a significant light transmission; these walls can also be used to create new architectural effects due to their decorative appearance. Most of the glass blocks are hollow and, for manufacturing reasons, consist of two halves, each of which is formed from a plate that forms a structural unit with a peripheral edge with plate edges protruding over the edge and connected to one another by a rib that may protrude beyond the edges, e.g. B. welded. As a rule, the slabs are square in plan, but special shapes with different plans are possible. The walls made of such glass bricks are used not only as decorative partitions inside buildings, but also as outside walls or parts of outside walls, possibly instead of windows. These walls must therefore have other, mostly standardized properties in addition to the required stability, z. B. have the necessary tightness.

The invention is based on the conventional laying method, according to which such walls are bricked in place. Up to now, specially trained workers have been required for this, because the laying of the glass blocks requires a considerable amount of manual skill and experience. Among others you have to brick the glass bricks with a mortar that is matched to the special properties of the material of the stones or their surfaces that come into contact with the grout and leave joints inside and outside, which are subsequently filled with a special mortar, which u. a. brings about the watertightness of the masonry. Apart from the technical difficulties arising from this and due to other circumstances, e.g. B. the inevitable tolerances of the glass blocks, the construction of such walls is also associated with additional effort, u. a. for scaffolds that are required until the joint work is carried out. Such difficulties have finally led to a decline in the use of glass brick walls.

It has therefore already been proposed to rationalize the laying work of glass blocks by introducing building with prefabricated parts (DE-A-2 034 066). In order to fully exploit the rationalization of building with prefabricated parts, large-format wall elements must be prefabricated horizontally. For this purpose, a flexible mat made of rubber or rubber-like plastic is usually used, which is provided on the inside with recesses or depressions that are matched to the respective formats and the distribution of the glass blocks in order to fix the glass blocks in their final position before the flowable concrete enters the Form is given. In order to give such elements the necessary transport strength, they must be manufactured with support anchors and metal frames. Due to the considerable weights, the laying of such elements is, however, not suitable as a result of eliminating the rationalization disadvantage of the glass brick walls.

This has also not been achieved with small-format wall elements (DE-U-7309581). Here, the few glazing bricks are combined in a wall element in a lost formwork consisting of foam, from which at least the floor at the construction site must be removed. Such small format wall elements are only suitable for special cases, e.g. B. for ventilated basement or garage windows.

The invention is based on the method initially known as known (FR-A-1394241). In this method, the glass blocks are supported with their outer edges on the legs of a Y-shaped rail profile, the ends of which have outer diverging and inner converging surfaces, which are used for guiding and non-positively connecting the ends of the rail webs. However, since the glass blocks have relatively large manufacturing tolerances, the joints cannot be adequately sealed with these rail profiles. Furthermore, one rail is provided in the formwork of the vertical joints between the glass blocks of a horizontal position provided for the known method, the end faces of which are attached to the mentioned profile legs of the associated rails of the horizontal joint formwork. This creates considerable difficulties on the construction site and demands considerable manual skills from the publisher to compensate for the tolerances of the glass blocks. In an alternative embodiment of the previously known method, the horizontal rails are plugged together with the vertical rails at the point of penetration of the joint formwork. However, this means that the distances between the rails are fixed, so that the tolerances of the glass blocks cannot be compensated for.

In a further known method (US-A-2176 213), glass blocks with a frame are used which keep two glass panes apart. In this case, the joints are either not switched off because the blocks are made of cork spacers or the like Material supported on each other and only grouted on the outside. Or you use metal profiles screwed together like frames, which hold the rails together, but must also be grouted later to seal the walls.

The invention has for its object to enable the proper laying of the glass blocks, including bringing about the watertightness of the masonry, despite the normal tolerances, even by unskilled or untrained persons, in the known process, the devices to be provided at the construction site being considerably large be reduced or avoided entirely.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with the characterizing features of the claims.

In the method according to the invention, the glass blocks are precisely positioned by their support on the flat support surfaces of the consoles, with which the tolerances of the glass blocks are compensated. It is therefore possible to use a low-viscosity mortar, with which you fill in the horizontal joint and the vertical joints below, after you have previously inserted any necessary reinforcing bars. In this way it is possible to build glass brick masonry layer by layer without prior knowledge.

If one wants to produce several layers at the same time, one expediently uses the method according to subclaim 2.

The process according to the invention has the advantage that only the usual, i.e. H. does not need to use absolutely waterproof joint mortar, because in the method according to the invention it is possible to seal the joints with the joint formwork. The formwork made of thermoplastic, as is well known, can be colored or coated with metal, but on the other hand does not exclude the use of grout, which in turn has the required water resistance, including grout that previously could not be used in conventional processes.

• Figur 1 eine schematische Wiedergabe einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens,
• Figur 2 in vergrößerter Darstellung ein winkelförmiges Fugenelement gemäß der Erfindung,
• Figur 3 in der Fig. 2 entsprechender Darstellung eine abgeänderte Ausführungsform eines winkelförmigen Fugenelementes gemäß der Erfindung,
• Figur 4 Elemente zur Umrahmung von Glasbausteinen,
• Figur 5 perspektivisch die Verbindung außenliegender Schienen gleisförmiger Fugenelemente unter Fortlassung einzelner Teile der Fugenelemente,
• Figur 6 . in einer ebenfalls perspektivischen Ansicht eine der in Fig. 5 wiedergegebenen Verbindungen in vergrößertem Maßstab,
• Figur 7 in abgebrochener Draufsicht ein Fugenelement und eine Verbindungsstelle im Schnitt,
• Figur 8 . schematisch die Wiedergabe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei Verwendung winkelförmiger Fugenelemente,
• Figur 9 die Verbindung benachbarter Fugenelemente in perspektivischer und abgebrochener Darstellung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung,
• Figur 10 mehrere Ausführungsformen von Fugen einer nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erreichteten Glasbausteinwand im Querschnitt durch die jeweilige Fuge,
• Figur 11 mehrere Ausführungsformen zusammengesetzter Fugenelemente gemäß der Erfindung in perspektivischer Darstellung,
• Figur 12 in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Glasbausteinwand gemäß der Erfindung und deren Wandelemente,
• Figur 13 eine gekrümmte Glasbausteinwand gemäß der Erfindung und in perspektivischer Darstellung und in Draufsicht,
• Figur 14 ein Fugenelement gemäß der Erfindung in perspektivischer Darstellung gemäß einer weiter abgeänderten Ausführungsform und
• Figur 15 in perspektivischer Darstellung zusammengesetzte Fugenelemente gemäß der Erfindung und nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform.

The details of the invention result from the following description of embodiments of the device provided according to the invention for carrying out the described method or of the glass brick walls produced with such devices with reference to the figures in the drawing; show it

• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 is an enlarged representation of an angular joint element according to the invention,
• 3 in a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of an angular joint element according to the invention,
• FIG. 4 elements for framing glass blocks,
• 5 shows in perspective the connection of outer rails of track-shaped joint elements, leaving out individual parts of the joint elements,
• Figure 6. 5 is a perspective view of one of the connections shown in FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale,
• FIG. 7, in broken top view, a joint element and a connection point in section,
• Figure 8. schematically the representation of the method according to the invention when using angular joint elements,
• FIG. 9 shows the connection of adjacent joint elements in a perspective and broken view according to an embodiment of the invention,
• FIG. 10 shows several embodiments of joints of a glass brick wall achieved by the method according to the invention in cross section through the respective joint,
• FIG. 11 shows several embodiments of assembled joint elements according to the invention in a perspective view,
• FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of a glass brick wall according to the invention and its wall elements,
• FIG. 13 shows a curved glass brick wall according to the invention and in perspective and in top view,
• Figure 14 shows a joint element according to the invention in a perspective view according to a further modified embodiment and
• Figure 15 in perspective representation assembled joint elements according to the invention and according to a further embodiment.

Before the details of the method according to the invention are described, the details of the prefabricated joint elements will be explained on the basis of the illustration in FIG. 15:

In this embodiment, joint elements 20 are used for the horizontal joints of a glass block wall, of which only a hollow glass block 21 is indicated in FIG. 15, and joint elements 22 for the vertical joints of a glass block wall which are aligned with one another. The joint element for the horizontal joints can also be seen in the illustration in FIG. 5, but different joint elements are used for the vertical joints according to the embodiment shown there.

The joint element for the horizontal joint consists, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 15, of a track 1, which in turn consists of two parallel rails 23, 24 of the same profile and the webs 3 forming the sleepers. The rail profile can be seen more precisely from the illustration in FIGS. 7 and 15. It has a profile leg 25 oriented outwards in the track, the outer surface 26 of which serves as a visible surface for the future joint in the masonry. The profile leg 25 has a broken end edges 27, 28. At the same distance from the so-called ends of the profile leg 25 there are essentially rectangular webs 29, 30 in the profile. However, these webs are undercut with grooves on their mutually facing surfaces, as shown at 31 and 32, respectively. Otherwise, the planes of the webs 29 and 30 run parallel to one another.

This profile initially enables a longitudinal guidance of the webs 3 connecting the two rails 23 and 24 to one another. Such a web has a band-shaped central part 33, which forms a structural unit with end blocks 34, 35. The respective inner part of each end block forms a bracket 36 on which or on which a glass block can be supported. Each console has a flat support surface on which the tolerances of the glass block width are balanced. The consoles shown are slotted from the outside inwards, the slit having an outer section 37 running parallel to the plane of the web 33 and an adjoining inner section 38 which encloses an angle with the plane of the web 33. A fork is formed through the slot 37, 38, the tines of which are designated 39 and 40. Each tine has a groove 41 on its outside, the outer web boundary 42 of which can engage behind the undercuts formed by the grooves 31, 32. As a result, the webs 3 can hold the rails 23, 24 together, but are individually displaceable along the track.

The rails 23, 24 are cut vertically at their end faces 42 ', so that they can be lined up seamlessly. This is not a problem because the rails are intended for horizontal joints and can therefore be joined together.

In contrast, the tracks 2 of the joint elements for the vertical joints 22 which cooperate with the track 1 have a length which corresponds to the vertical joint length between adjacent glass blocks. The profile of this track 2 corresponds essentially to the profile of the rails 23, 24. It differs from the rails of track 2, which are designated 43 and 44 in FIG. 15, from the rail profile according to FIG. 7 in that a central web 45 is used instead of the two profile webs 29, 30. This is formed in one piece with the hollow end blocks 46, 47 of the webs 48, which otherwise correspond to the parts 34, 35 of the webs 3. Also different are the connecting means provided at the ends 49, 50 of the tracks 2, which are missing from the tracks 1.

15, on the one hand on the adjacent end faces 51, 52 of the rails 43, 44 are tongues 53, 54 projecting inwards and forwards, which are arranged in pairs. At the opposite end, however, the adjacent end faces of the rails 43, 44 each carry only one tongue 55. The tongues 55 are oriented relative to the tongues 53 and 54 in such a way that they are aligned with the space 56 between the tongues 53 and 54. This ensures that the webs 25 of the rails 43, 44 in one plane and accordingly the joints can be aligned.

The tongues each have a rectangular cross section of grooves 57 on the outside, which are aligned with one another in adjacent tongues 53 and 54. The width of the grooves corresponds to the width of the webs 29, 30 so that the tongues can be snapped into the webs and the tongues 53, 54 at one end engage around the tongue 55 of the other end of the following rail.

In this way, as shown in FIG. 15, a horizontal joint element 20 can be connected to vertical joint elements 22 at regular intervals given by the stone format. The displaceability of the webs 3 makes it possible to move the webs out of the area of the vertical masonry joints if continuous reinforcement is to be inserted and / or if the joint must be free for the mortar to be poured in. In contrast, the webs 48 of the elements 22 do not need to be moved. They are therefore made in one piece with the rails (Fig. 15).

The bands 33, which form the central part of the webs, are identical in the joint elements. They carry a V-shaped middle part 59 (FIG. 5) and thereby enable the glass blocks to be put on and the reinforcement to be laid over the partial lengths between the middle pieces 59 and the end blocks 34, 35.

As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 1, the horizontal joint elements 20 are placed on an existing, flat surface - for example the reveal of masonry - and with their end faces to one another, so that a continuous joint covering 60 is produced. If necessary, the reinforcement bars mentioned in connection with the V-shaped middle parts 59 are laid between the rails 23 and 24 of this joint covering. Then you bring in the grout, which is poured appropriately until the space between the rails 23 and 24 is filled.

Joint elements 22 for the vertical joints are individually placed thereon by placing a glass block 9 on each. Such a glass block consists in principle of two halves 62, 63. Each of these halves has an essentially flat plate 64, which forms a structural unit with the inwardly projecting peripheral edge 65 which extends essentially at right angles to the plane of the plate. The end faces of the edges are welded together at 66, which generally results in a rib projecting outwards.

If you put the stone on, the profile web 25 covers the joint up to the edge of the board and thus completely to the outside. On the other hand, the glass block with the edge of the plate rests on the surfaces of the blocks 34, 35 provided for this purpose. As a result, the stone cannot move and the web forms one towards the outside dense formwork for the grout.

One usually proceeds by putting on a glass block, then plugging in an element 22, putting on the next block, etc. and continuing until a layer of glass blocks is set up.

Then you lay the corresponding joint element for the following horizontal joint with elements 20 on the top of the layer. Then you can run the joint mortar into the vertical joints until the mold space formed by joint elements 22 and the adjacent glass blocks is completely filled. Immediately afterwards, the upper joint can be prepared for the next layer of stone, i.e. H. Pour the grout between the rails 23, 24 of the upper joint element 20.

2 and 3 illustrate angular joint elements, which in turn can be plugged together as shown in Fig.9. In this case, too, the plug connection consists of tongues, as have been described in connection with FIG. 15.

Fig. 4 shows strips 5, 6 for framing the glass blocks.

5, 6 and 7 relate to the embodiment of FIG. 1 and the embodiment of FIG. 15.

Fig. 10 shows a glass block wall in section, while Fig.11 shows different embodiments of joint elements according to the invention. 13 and 14 show the possibility of building arched walls. Fig. 12 shows embodiments of the method according to the invention, with which wall elements made of different glass blocks, i. H. be built with glass blocks of different layouts.

If, according to the illustration in FIG. 4, there are outer strips 5, which are also inserted into one another several times, the load-bearing capacity of the wall can be increased. Then angle elements 5 'are expedient in order to obtain a perfect perpendicularity of the two walls at the ends.

Alternatively, the invention can be implemented with angle elements 6 'and 6 "which are connected to the webs 3 already mentioned. In this embodiment of the invention, the angle ends 6' and 6" are equipped with grooved tongues 7 which snap into counterparts provided for this purpose , which are located on the angular edges 8 of the same angles 6 'and 6 ", which can be seen essentially from the illustration in FIG. 9.

This arrangement results in joint designs as shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c. In the case of the glass blocks 9 described in connection with FIG. 1, which represent the normal case, the section according to FIG. 10a is obtained. On the other hand, if other embodiments of glass blocks are used, which are shown at 9 'and which are provided with a recess in the corners, a joint formation is obtained which corresponds to the representation there.

The profiles of the rails can be extruded if they are provided with movable webs. The webs and the joint elements are expediently injection molded, provided that they form a structural unit.

If you want to produce curved walls, the shape according to FIG. 11 is recommended, the profile legs 25 of adjacent rails being of different widths corresponding to the joint formation according to FIG. 10c.

The various embodiments of joint elements shown in FIG. 11 are used for special shapes of glass blocks.

According to the invention, the term “glass building blocks” also includes components which in any case partially consist of wood, plastic, ceramic or the like.

Claims (7)

1. Method for erecting walls made of glass bricks, in which the mortar of the joints (20, 22), which are reinforced if necessary, is introduced behind a concealed outer frame, which consist of bars (23, 24; 43, 44) whose profiles form external visual surfaces and crosspieces (3) connected to the bars, which are movably fixed by their ends in the bars (23, 24) for the horizontal joint spaces, whereby firstly the guide for the horizontal joint spaces provided by the pair of bars (23, 24) and the crosspieces (3), is laid out and after the positioning of the glass bricks (9) the bars (43, 44) forming the guides for the joint spaces (22) between the components of a horizontal run of glass bricks are aligned with the joint spaces (22) of the bricks (9) already in the wall, characterised in that, to equalise their spacing the glass bricks are positioned on bracket end blocks (34, 35) of the cross pieces (3), and the bars (43, 44) for the joint spaces (22) between the bricks are brought to a horizontal position with the aid of pins (53-55) arranged at their ends (49, 50) and passing through each other for engagement with the bars (23, 24) for the horizontal joints (20), whereupon the liquid mortar is brought into the joint spaces (22) between the glass bricks ready for pouring in, beforehand the horizontal joint is prepared for the following brick by the pouring in of the mortar between the bars (23, 24).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the joint spaces, one horizontal and one vertical, are introduced together each from a part- joint bordered by a brick.

3. Apparatus for the carrying out of the method according to either of claims 1 or 2 with the aid of bars (23, 24 ; 43, 44) whose profiles show profile crosspieces which are undercut and arranged in parallel to each other, movable crosspieces (3) engage in the end blocks (34, 35) of strip-shaped mid-portions and form external visual surfaces, characterised in that the profile sidepiece (25), which forms with its external face (26) the visual surfaces, of the bar profile of the joint has broken longitudinal edges (27, 28) which form the ends of this profile sidepiece, opposite which the undercut profile crosspieces (30, 31) which run parallel to each other are arranged displaced by the same distances towards the interior, and that the end blocks (34, 35) which enclose the strip-shaped mid-section of the movable crosspieces (3) have level bearing areas and slots pointing from the outside to the inside, whose respective external section (37) form an angle with the inner section (38) whereby the fork sidepiece (39, 40) formed through each slot carry outside the grooves (41) used for guiding and the external crosspiece borders (42).

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that the pins of the bars (43, 44) for the vertical spacing to the interior and forwards exhibit projecting double-tongues (53, 54) on the bar ends (51, 52) and single-tongues on the opposite front-side, which can be introduced in the space (56) between the double-tongues (53, 54).

5. Apparatus according to either of claims 3 or 4, characterised in that the bars (43, 44) which serve for the raising of the vertical joints (22) between the glass bricks of a horizontal position have profile side-pieces (45) which form, with the crosspieces (48) an individual unit.

6. Apparatus according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterised by angular joint elements for horizontal and vertical joints (20, 22) which form an individual unit and are provided with pins (53, 54) at their ends.

7. Apparatus according to any of claims 3 to 6, characterised by bars with variably wide crosspieces (25).

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