EP0041244B1 - Vorrichtungen zur energiesparenden Gewinnung von Nutzwärme aus der Umgebung oder aus Abfallwärme - Google Patents

Vorrichtungen zur energiesparenden Gewinnung von Nutzwärme aus der Umgebung oder aus Abfallwärme Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0041244B1
EP0041244B1 EP81104105A EP81104105A EP0041244B1 EP 0041244 B1 EP0041244 B1 EP 0041244B1 EP 81104105 A EP81104105 A EP 81104105A EP 81104105 A EP81104105 A EP 81104105A EP 0041244 B1 EP0041244 B1 EP 0041244B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
hydride
hydrogen
useful
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81104105A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0041244A2 (de
EP0041244A3 (en
Inventor
Alfred Dr. Ritter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Studiengesellschaft Kohle gGmbH
Original Assignee
Studiengesellschaft Kohle gGmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Studiengesellschaft Kohle gGmbH filed Critical Studiengesellschaft Kohle gGmbH
Priority to AT81104105T priority Critical patent/ATE21449T1/de
Publication of EP0041244A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041244A2/de
Publication of EP0041244A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041244A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041244B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041244B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/12—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type using desorption of hydrogen from a hydride

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for carrying out a method for the energy-saving production of useful heat from the environment or from waste heat using a reversible chemical reaction.
  • a number of heat pumps are already known which operate according to the compression or absorption principle. Easily vaporizable liquids with low vapor pressure, such as halogenated hydrocarbons or ammonia, are mechanically or thermally compressed to the point of liquefaction, with the heat of condensation of the respective working substances being obtained as heating energy or useful heat.
  • the useful heat consists of the enthalpy of vaporization, which is denied by environmental energy, and the heat of compression, which comes from the mechanical or thermal drive. Thus, only changes in the state of matter take place, chemical changes are deliberately avoided.
  • the performance figures i.e. the ratio of useful heat given off to the auxiliary energy used is between 2 and 4 in the case of electrically operated compression heat pumps. In the case of absorption heat pumps, which are basically operated with fossil energy, this number is approx. 1.3. In comparison, an oil or gas boiler has a coefficient of performance of approximately 0.8.
  • the alkaline earth metal chloride hydrates no longer dissociate and evaporate sufficiently at temperatures below freezing. They can therefore only be operated with the aid of heat from the ground, from running water or groundwater, which considerably limits the area of application. In any case, the ambient air available to everyone cannot be used as an energy source below freezing.
  • the thermal conductivity of the previously proposed working materials is low, so that there are considerable problems in the heat exchange processes. At least one needs very large heat exchange surfaces with the previously proposed working materials, which leads to undesirably large-volume aggregates.
  • a system for transferring thermal energy using metal hydrides is known from US Pat. No. 4,044,819, in which solar collectors, heat tanks, heat exchangers and energy sources are combined with one another by burning fossil raw materials.
  • the use of two different metal hydrides that decompose at different temperatures is also described here.
  • the use of heat pipes is not mentioned here.
  • the object of the invention is to provide devices for carrying out a method for the energy-saving production of useful heat from the environment or from waste heat using a reversible chemical reaction, namely the formation and decay of metal hydrides, in first and second containers connected to one another by lines develop, these containers are about half filled with a metal hydride and the other half with the hydride-forming metal or the hydride-forming alloy.
  • the containers are alternately loaded and unloaded with hydrogen by changing the pressure change, and the released energy of compression and hydride is dissipated as heat through heat exchange, and the heat used for relaxation and hydrogen release from the hydride is replaced by heat exchange with the environment or with waste heat.
  • the tanks are roughly the same size and are either filled with the same metal hydride or hydride-forming alloys and permanently connected to one another by a piping system with a switchable suction / pressure pump, or they are filled with two different metal hydrides or hydride-forming metals, which are distinguished by different hydrogen absorption or differentiate the desorption energy (and thus absorb or release hydrogen at different temperatures), the metal hydride with the lower hydrogen desorption energy being present in the first container (1) and the metal hydride with the higher hydrogen desorption energy being present in the second container (2) and the containers ( 1) and (2) through a pipe (3). are permanently connected.
  • the heat exchangers are four heat pipes (5, 6, 7, 8), of which a first and a second (7, 8 ) are permanently connected to the supply for waste heat and a third and fourth (5, 6) are permanently connected to the removal of the useful heat, and the first and third (5, 7) are permanently connected to the first container (1) and the second and that fourth (6, 8) are permanently connected to the second container (2).
  • the heat exchangers are four heat pipes (5, 6, 7, 8), of which a first (7) permanently with the supply for waste heat and with the first container (1), a second (5) permanently with the Removal of the useful heat and connected to the first container (1), a third (6) can be switched off with the removal of the useful heat and the second container (2), and a fourth (8) can be switched off with the supply for heat from the combustion of fossil fuels and the second container (2) is connected.
  • the metal hydrides are divided into the low-temperature hydrides and high-temperature hydrides based on their property of decomposing at low or higher temperatures. Especially when it comes to heating houses with the warmth of the surroundings, only the low-temperature hydrides can be used. If, on the other hand, waste heat from power plants or industrial plants is to be used, the high-temperature hydrides are ideal. Iron titanium hydride is particularly suitable for heating residential buildings. This hydride can be rapidly formed in the range from -20 to + 70 ° C. and split again, the pressure range from 0.1 to 12 bar being completely sufficient to control formation and cleavage.
  • the high speed of the reaction, the high metallic thermal conductivity of the metal hydrides and the long metal / metal hydride cycle life, the high energy density enable the use of this metal hydride, provided the system can be hermetically sealed and in particular prevents the entry of oxygen.
  • This problem is significantly alleviated if the heat pump process is carried out according to the absorption principle and there is no need for a leak-sensitive suction / pressure pump.
  • the price of this alloy has already dropped to DM 10 / kg when large quantities are purchased, so that the investment costs for household heating based on this metal hydride can be significantly lower compared to conventional heat pumps.
  • metal hydrides have proven to be extremely safe and non-toxic, so that no complex safety measures have to be taken.
  • a house heating system for example, it should be entirely sufficient to connect the system to a safety valve and a line leading to the outside, so that, for example, in the event of a fire and the associated overheating of the system, the hydrogen can be safely vented to the outside, where it can be low specific density immediately distributed upwards in the atmosphere and no longer represents a further source of danger.
  • the device according to the invention for carrying out the method uses so-called heat pipes for heat exchange (heat pipes; see P. Dunn and D.A. Reay, Heat Pipes, Pergamon Press, 1976).
  • heat pipes for heat exchange
  • These are hermetically sealed metal pipes, some of which are filled with an easily evaporable liquid.
  • the heat transfer takes place by evaporating the liquid at the lower end and giving off the heat of vaporization by recondensing the liquid at the upper end of the tube.
  • These heat pipes act as diodes because heat can only be transferred in one direction, namely from bottom to top. If the amount of heat at the lower end is no longer sufficient to evaporate the liquid, steam can no longer rise and condense at the top. As soon as the upper end is warmer than the lower end, heat is no longer transported.
  • These heat pipes also have the advantage that the thermal conductivity is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of copper.
  • the pressure change is brought about thermally.
  • the two metal hydrides must differ by different hydrogen absorption or desorption energy and thus absorb or release the hydrogen at different temperatures.
  • the metal hydride with the lower hydrogen desorption energy is able to utilize heat from the environment or waste heat, while the second metal hydride with higher hydrogen desorption energy has to be fed with heat, as can be obtained, for example, from the combustion of fossil fuels.
  • a typical combination of two different metal hydrides is a titanium-iron-manganese hydride and a titanium-zirconium-chromium-manganese hydride.
  • the chemical composition of these hydrides is TiFe o , 8 Mn O , 2 H 2 and Tio, gZro "CrMnH3.
  • This device also consists of two containers (1), (2), each filled with about half of metal hydride and the hydride-forming metal of the two different metal hydrides, a connecting pipe (3), mutually switchable heat exchangers (5), (6) , for the dissipation of the useful heat and mutually switchable heat exchangers (7), (8) for the supply of heat to the environment or waste heat or the fossil heat as well as line (13), (14) and switchable shut-off valves (11), (12) .
  • heat pipes are also used for this. While the heat pipe (7) is still fed with heat from the surroundings or waste heat, the heat pipe (8) is fed intermittently with heat which has arisen from the combustion of fossil fuels.
  • the additional line (13), (14) and switchable shut-off valves (11), (12) are necessary to prevent direct transmission of the fossil-generated heat to the useful heat flow. This would be prevented by putting the heat exchanger of the heat pipe (6) out of operation by bypassing the useful heat flow during the period of hydrogen desorption. This is done by operating the shut-off valve (11) accordingly.
  • the dimensioning of the device according to the invention and the length of the respective phases depend to a considerable extent on the amounts of useful heat required, the amount of environmental heat or waste heat and the investment costs. If the ambient air were used, it would certainly make sense to run only one cycle per day, since the warmer day air would then be used. Here, however, the investment costs of the plant and the amount of metal hydride required would be considerably higher. According to the invention, it is possible and extremely advantageous to make the cycles significantly shorter, for example in 30 minutes to 3 hours, and thereby to significantly reduce the size and total investment of the system. In theory, it is quite possible to shorten the cycles even more, e.g. B. to 10 minutes, however, this would reduce the investment costs proportionally no longer as much. In addition, the kinetics of hydride formation would be disruptive in the case of even shorter cycles.
  • a reaction container should contain at least 3000 kg of metal or metal hydride. If the individual phases are shortened to one hour, the hydride requirement drops to 125 kg per container. At the already mentioned price of around 10 DM per kg, the investment sum falls below that of conventional heat pumps, whereby the higher efficiency and the more problem-free use of environmental heat enable almost universal use, at least in the latitudes where the outside temperatures rarely fall below -10 ° C decrease.
  • the device according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously where larger amounts of waste heat are available at a relatively low temperature level, for example cooling water or condensates from power plants, steelworks, coking plants, chemical plants etc. These amounts of heat can be transported relatively easily and with little loss over longer distances and can be converted according to the invention into useful heat of higher temperature at the respective consumer points. Only in this way is it conceivable, for example, to operate district heating lines at relatively low temperatures and to only extract heat from the desired higher temperature in households or at the consumer points.
  • the device according to the invention is thus used like a heat transformer. In contrast to electrical energy, which can only be transported over long distances with low losses when the voltage is high, heat can be transported in a line system with low losses if the temperature differences from the surroundings are low.
  • the heat pump variants according to the invention can also be used for cooling.
  • the absorption heat pump in particular would be suitable for solar cooling, since the upper temperature level for the process control when appropriate metal hydrides are selected is already in the range of the conductivity of non-concentrating solar collectors.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP81104105A 1980-05-30 1981-05-28 Vorrichtungen zur energiesparenden Gewinnung von Nutzwärme aus der Umgebung oder aus Abfallwärme Expired EP0041244B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81104105T ATE21449T1 (de) 1980-05-30 1981-05-28 Vorrichtungen zur energiesparenden gewinnung von nutzwaerme aus der umgebung oder aus abfallwaerme.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3020565 1980-05-30
DE19803020565 DE3020565A1 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur energiesparenden gewinnung von nutzwaerme aus der umgebung oder aus abfallwaerme

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041244A2 EP0041244A2 (de) 1981-12-09
EP0041244A3 EP0041244A3 (en) 1982-01-20
EP0041244B1 true EP0041244B1 (de) 1986-08-13

Family

ID=6103592

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81104105A Expired EP0041244B1 (de) 1980-05-30 1981-05-28 Vorrichtungen zur energiesparenden Gewinnung von Nutzwärme aus der Umgebung oder aus Abfallwärme

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4413670A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0041244B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5721789A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE21449T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1158935A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DD (1) DD160199A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3020565A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK154734C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IE (1) IE52196B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA813581B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3047632A1 (de) * 1980-12-17 1982-07-22 Studiengesellschaft Kohle mbH, 4330 Mülheim Verfahren und vorrichtung zur optimierten waermeuebertragung von traegern reversibler, heterogener verdampfungsvorgaenge
US4422500A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-12-27 Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Metal hydride heat pump
JPS58198691A (ja) * 1982-05-12 1983-11-18 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 排熱回収装置
GB8509170D0 (en) * 1985-04-10 1985-05-15 Dutton N Heat store system
JP2740326B2 (ja) * 1989-03-01 1998-04-15 三洋電機株式会社 接触吸熱、放熱装置
FR2653541B1 (fr) * 1989-10-24 1995-02-10 Elf Aquitaine Dispositifs pour produire du froid et/ou de la chaleur par reaction solide-gaz geres par caloducs gravitationnels.
GB9115140D0 (en) * 1991-07-13 1991-08-28 Boc Group Plc Improvements in refrigerators
US5249436A (en) * 1992-04-09 1993-10-05 Indugas, Inc. Simplified, low cost absorption heat pump
SE9201768L (sv) * 1992-06-09 1993-12-10 Electrolux Ab Kylskåp med intermittent arbetande sorptionskylapparat
US5497630A (en) * 1992-09-30 1996-03-12 Thermal Electric Devices, Inc. Method and apparatus for hydride heat pumps
US5758717A (en) * 1995-09-25 1998-06-02 Crossman; William System and method for the recovery of waste heat from pipelines
US5862855A (en) * 1996-01-04 1999-01-26 Balk; Sheldon Hydride bed and heat pump
WO2002066974A2 (en) * 2001-02-19 2002-08-29 Rosemount Analytical Inc. Improved generator monitoring, control and efficiency
AU2003233699A1 (en) * 2002-05-28 2003-12-12 Gordon Latos Radiant heat pump device and method
WO2005119145A1 (en) * 2004-05-17 2005-12-15 Hera Usa Inc. Metal hydride air conditioner
DE102006000553B3 (de) * 2006-11-17 2008-03-27 Fachhochschule Lausitz Außenbauwerksteil für die Außenverkleidung von Bauwerken und baulichen Anlagen
US20130175006A1 (en) * 2012-01-06 2013-07-11 Southwest Research Institute Hydrogen transfer heating/cooling systems and methods of use thereof
CN104870923B (zh) * 2012-12-28 2017-05-24 克莱米特威尔上市有限公司 热晶体管
CN107782012A (zh) * 2016-08-30 2018-03-09 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 电化学制冷系统及其控制方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR691648A (fr) * 1929-05-31 1930-10-23 Platen Munters Refrig Syst Ab Procédé et dispositifs pour l'élimination de chaleur hors d'une capacité à refroidir

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE18665E (en) 1932-11-22 Carl georo hunters
US2044951A (en) * 1933-02-28 1936-06-23 Servel Inc Refrigeration
JPS5147A (ja) * 1974-06-20 1976-01-05 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Reidanbosochi
JPS5819956B2 (ja) * 1975-01-18 1983-04-20 松下電器産業株式会社 金属水素化合物を用いた冷房装置
US4161211A (en) * 1975-06-30 1979-07-17 International Harvester Company Methods of and apparatus for energy storage and utilization
US4044819A (en) * 1976-02-12 1977-08-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Hydride heat pump
US4039023A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-08-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and apparatus for heat transfer, using metal hydrides
SE403401B (sv) * 1976-12-29 1978-08-14 Brunberg Ernst Ake Sett och anleggning for lagring och uttag av lagtempererad vermeenergi
US4200144A (en) * 1977-06-02 1980-04-29 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Hydride heat pump
DE2808876A1 (de) * 1978-03-02 1979-09-13 Heidenheimer Waermevertriebs G Waerme/kaeltewandler-kombination auf der basis von wasserstoffhydrid
DE2810360A1 (de) * 1978-03-10 1979-10-04 Dieter Brodalla Chemische waermespeicherpumpe
US4178987A (en) * 1978-07-12 1979-12-18 Standard Oil Company, A Corporation Of Indiana Moving bed hydride/dehydride systems
JPS55150466A (en) * 1979-05-14 1980-11-22 Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd Heat pump

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR691648A (fr) * 1929-05-31 1930-10-23 Platen Munters Refrig Syst Ab Procédé et dispositifs pour l'élimination de chaleur hors d'une capacité à refroidir

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0041244A2 (de) 1981-12-09
DK154734C (da) 1989-05-08
ATE21449T1 (de) 1986-08-15
IE811200L (en) 1981-11-30
DK154734B (da) 1988-12-12
JPS5721789A (en) 1982-02-04
DE3175104D1 (en) 1986-09-18
DD160199A5 (de) 1983-05-11
CA1158935A (en) 1983-12-20
ZA813581B (en) 1982-06-30
DE3020565A1 (de) 1981-12-10
US4413670A (en) 1983-11-08
DK229581A (da) 1981-12-01
EP0041244A3 (en) 1982-01-20
IE52196B1 (en) 1987-08-05
JPH0355751B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1991-08-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0041244B1 (de) Vorrichtungen zur energiesparenden Gewinnung von Nutzwärme aus der Umgebung oder aus Abfallwärme
Bhatnagar et al. Molten salts: Potential candidates for thermal energy storage applications
EP0026257B1 (de) Absorptions-Wärmepumpeanlage
US4161211A (en) Methods of and apparatus for energy storage and utilization
US4040410A (en) Thermal energy storage systems employing metal hydrides
DE2807075C2 (de) Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizkraftwerkes und geeignetes Heizkraftwerk
DE10343544B4 (de) Kraftwerksanlage zur Nutzung der Wärme eines geothermischen Reservoirs
US20220404103A1 (en) Method and apparatus for heat storage
CH647590A5 (en) Process and equipment for producing useful energy from low-grade heat sources
DE102009034772A1 (de) Latentwärmespeicher für stationäre und mobile Anwendungen mit dualem Latentwärmespeichermaterial
DE102011007650A1 (de) Solarthermische Kraftwerkanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solarthermischen Kraftwerksanlage
Findik et al. Thermal energy storage
CN107120628A (zh) 一种基于水合盐化学蓄热的热电两用系统及其使用方法
Ermiş et al. Thermal energy storage
Shukla et al. Latent heat-based thermal energy storage systems: Materials, applications, and the energy market
DE2746864A1 (de) Waermeuebertragungsanlage mit ein salz als waermetraeger enthaltendem speicher
EP2396187A1 (de) Anordnung und verfahren zur energieversorgung motorisierter fahrzeuge
DE69009771T2 (de) Wärmespeichermedium.
EP2115283A2 (de) Hausenergieversorgungsanlage
DE2808464A1 (de) Verfahren und anordnung zur periodischen speicherung und freigabe von waerme
DE2800903A1 (de) Verfahren zur energiespeicherung in form von waerme
CH705028B1 (de) Anlage zur Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung mit kombinierten Wärmespeichern.
DE102009038367A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur regenerativen Speicherung von Energie in Energieversorgungssystemen
Lane Introduction and history
DE102023133738B4 (de) Wärmepumpenvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wärmepumpenvorrichtung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19820716

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 21449

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19860815

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3175104

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19860918

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19920427

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19930413

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19930413

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19930413

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19930415

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19930415

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19930420

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19930422

Year of fee payment: 13

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19930529

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19930531

Year of fee payment: 13

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19940528

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19940528

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19940528

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19940531

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19940531

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19940531

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: STUDIENGESELLSCHAT KOHLE M.B.H.

Effective date: 19940531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19941201

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19940528

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 81104105.2

Effective date: 19931210

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19950131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19950201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST