EP0041059A2 - Two-sheet brickwork - Google Patents

Two-sheet brickwork Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041059A2
EP0041059A2 EP81890065A EP81890065A EP0041059A2 EP 0041059 A2 EP0041059 A2 EP 0041059A2 EP 81890065 A EP81890065 A EP 81890065A EP 81890065 A EP81890065 A EP 81890065A EP 0041059 A2 EP0041059 A2 EP 0041059A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
masonry
outer shell
width
ribs
average
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81890065A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0041059B1 (en
EP0041059A3 (en
Inventor
Hedwig Anzinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rieseneder U Co KG GmbH
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Rieseneder U Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Rieseneder U Co KG GmbH filed Critical Rieseneder U Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP0041059A2 publication Critical patent/EP0041059A2/en
Publication of EP0041059A3 publication Critical patent/EP0041059A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041059B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041059B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double-layer masonry with an inner insulating layer of mineral wool or the like. And a space between the insulating layer and the outer shell for masonry rear ventilation.
  • Double-layer masonry with a central insulation layer is characterized by its good heat storage capacity and, above all, by its excellent insulation properties, whereby mineral wool or steam-permeable polystyrene or other insulation materials with a lower vapor diffusion resistance factor than the load-bearing masonry part, i.e. the inner shell, have proven themselves as insulation materials Allow materials to breathe in the masonry.
  • the insulating effect of mineral wool or the like deteriorates significantly with increasing moisture, care must also be taken to ensure that sufficient ventilation of the masonry does not allow water vapor to diffuse through the inner shell or driving rain to penetrate the outer shell to a permissible extent can.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to eliminate these deficiencies and to provide masonry of the type described which can be constructed in a simple, rational manner and always ensures the desired rear ventilation.
  • the outer shell consists of building blocks which have inwardly projecting, perpendicular ribs, the average width of which is smaller than the average width of the gaps remaining between them, forming the free space.
  • These ribs always keep the insulation layer at an appropriate distance by themselves, so that the formation of the space necessary for the rear ventilation is ensured simply by customary bricking up the masonry without the need for additional battens or the like.
  • the width ratios of the ribs and the gaps between them create continuous air channels from bottom to top regardless of the type or size of the staggering rows of stones, which have a chimney-like effect and provide the desired ventilation.
  • the ribs can be formed directly from the building block or from strips connected to the building block by gluing, foaming or the like, and the ribs also do not need to run continuously over the entire stone height; their presence in sections is sufficient. Their cross-sectional shape is also variable, and all possible components, such as individual ones, can be used as building blocks themselves. Bricks or prefabricated wall parts are used.
  • the contact area between the ribs and the insulation layer must be kept as small as possible.
  • the ribs must also be correspondingly high in order to reliably prevent the gaps from being closed by the soft insulation material, the height of the ribs being decisive for the width of the gaps, so that there is a certain relationship between shape and shape with regard to the existing strength properties Size of the ribs and their mutual distance results. Quite favorable conditions occur when the average rib width is approximately half the maximum rib height and the average gap width corresponds to approximately two to five times the maximum rib height.
  • the average width or maximum height of the ribs should be at least 1 or 2 cm and the average gap width 5 cm.
  • the rectilinear ribs are not limited to a specific embodiment, they can have any desired cross-section, for example rectangular, trapezoidal or round, these dimensions then representing mean values.
  • a double-layer masonry 1 consists of the load-bearing inner shell 2, the outer shell 3 erected at a distance therefrom and a central insulating layer 4 made of mineral wool or the like consequently, ventilation of the masonry 1 would have to be ensured, which requires a free space between the outer shell 3 and the insulation layer 4 for the air flow.
  • the outer shell 3 is built up from building blocks 5 with inwardly projecting, perpendicular ribs 6, which are narrower than the gaps 7 present between two adjacent ribs 6.
  • the gaps 7 of the individual building blocks 5 form in the finished outer shell 3 through channels from bottom to top, through which air flows (arrows 8) and bring about the desired rear ventilation of the masonry 1.
  • the ribs 6 of the building blocks 5 keep the insulating layer 4 at a distance and prevent the relatively soft insulating material of this insulating layer from penetrating into the gaps 7.
  • the individual building blocks 5 of the outer shell 3 can be staggered in the usual manner, without thereby affecting the channeling for the air flow 8, since no rib of one stone can close any gap of the neighboring stones.

Abstract

Bei einem zweischaligen Mauerwerk (1) ist zwischen Innenschale (2) und Aussenschale (3) eine Dämmschicht (4) vorgesehen, wobei zwischen Dämmschicht (4) und Außenschale (3) ein Freiraum (7) zur Mauerwerkshinterlüftung verbleibt. Um auf einfache, sichere Weise gleich beim Aufbau des Mauerwerks (1) für die Hinterlüftung zu sorgen, besteht die Außenschale (3) aus Bausteinen (5), die nach innen vorragende, lotrecht verlaufende Rippen (6) aufweisen, deren mittlere Breite kleiner als die mittlere Weite der zwischen ihnen verbleibenden, den Freiraum bildenden Lücken (7) ist.In the case of double-layer masonry (1), an insulation layer (4) is provided between the inner shell (2) and the outer shell (3), with a space (7) remaining for the rear masonry ventilation between the insulation layer (4) and the outer shell (3). In order to provide for rear ventilation in a simple, safe manner when building the masonry (1), the outer shell (3) consists of building blocks (5) which have inwardly projecting, perpendicular ribs (6) whose average width is less than is the mean width of the gaps (7) remaining between them, forming the free space.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein zweischaliges Mauerwerk mit einer inneren Dämmschicht aus Mineralwolle od. dgl. und einem Freiraum zwischen Dämmschicht und Außenschale zur Mauerwerkshinterlüftung.The invention relates to a double-layer masonry with an inner insulating layer of mineral wool or the like. And a space between the insulating layer and the outer shell for masonry rear ventilation.

Zweischalige Mauerwerke mit einer mittigen Isolierschicht zeichnen sich durch ihre gute Wärmespeicherfähigkeit und vor allem durch ihre hervorragenden Dämmeigenschaften aus, wobei sich als Isoliermaterial besonders Mineralwolle oder dampfdurchlässiges Polystrol oder andere Dämmstoffe mit gegenüber dem tragenden Mauerwerksteil, also der Innenschale, geringerem Dampfdiffusionswiderstandsfaktor bewährt haben, da diese Materialien ein Atmen des Mauerwerkes zulassen. Da sich aber die DämmWirkung der Mineralwolle od. dgl. mit zunehmender Feuchtigkeit wesentlich verschlechtert, muß zusätzlich dafür gesorgt sein, daß durch eine ausreichende Hinterlüftung des Mauerwerkes weder durch die Innenschale eindiffundierender Wasserdampf noch durch die Außenschale eindringender Schlagregen die Dämmschicht über ein zulässiges Maß hinaus durchnässen können. Aus diesem Grund gibt es zwischen Dämmschicht und Außenschale einen im Bodenbereich mit der Außenluft in Verbindung stehenden und nach oben hin offenen Freiraum, der so eine Hinterlüftung und damit eine entsprechende Feuchtigkeitsabfuhr erlaubt. Um aber einen solchen Freiraum zu erreichen ist es bisher notwendig, die Dämmschicht mittels eigener Haltevorrichtungen, wie einer Lattung, einer Schienenkonstruktion oder einer Vielzahl von speziellen großköpfigen Distanznägeln u. dgl., in ihrer Stärke auf das gewünschte Maß zu begrenzen, was einen enormen Arbeits- und Materialaufwand mit sich bringt und bei einem etwas sorgloseren Verlegen der Dämmschicht sofort unangenehmste und irreparable Folgen nach sich zieht.Double-layer masonry with a central insulation layer is characterized by its good heat storage capacity and, above all, by its excellent insulation properties, whereby mineral wool or steam-permeable polystyrene or other insulation materials with a lower vapor diffusion resistance factor than the load-bearing masonry part, i.e. the inner shell, have proven themselves as insulation materials Allow materials to breathe in the masonry. However, since the insulating effect of mineral wool or the like deteriorates significantly with increasing moisture, care must also be taken to ensure that sufficient ventilation of the masonry does not allow water vapor to diffuse through the inner shell or driving rain to penetrate the outer shell to a permissible extent can. For this reason, between the insulation layer and the outer shell there is a free space in the floor area that is connected to the outside air and is open at the top, which allows ventilation and thus a corresponding moisture removal. However, in order to achieve such a free space, it has so far been necessary to use separate holding devices, such as one, for the insulating layer Battens, a rail construction or a variety of special large-headed spacer nails u. The like. To limit their strength to the desired level, which involves an enormous amount of work and materials and, if the insulation layer is laid more carelessly, immediately has the most unpleasant and irreparable consequences.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Mängel zu beseitigen und ein Mauerwerk der eingangs geschilderten Art zu schaffen, das auf einfache, rationelle Weise aufgebaut werden kann und stets die gewünschte Hinterlüftung gewährleistet.The invention is therefore based on the object to eliminate these deficiencies and to provide masonry of the type described which can be constructed in a simple, rational manner and always ensures the desired rear ventilation.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß die Außenschale aus Bausteinen besteht, die nach innen vorragende, lotrecht verlaufende Rippen aufweisen, deren mittlere Breite kleiner als die mittlere Weite der zwischen ihnen verbleibenden, den Freiraum bildenen Lücken ist. Diese Rippen halten die Dämmschicht von selbst stets auf entsprechende Distanz, so daß alleine durch übliches Aufmauern des Mauerwerkes ohne die Notwendigkeit einer zusätzlichen Lattung od. dgl. die Ausbildung des für die Hinterlüftung notwendigen Freiraumes sichergestellt ist. Durch die Breitenverhältnisse von Rippen und dazwischenliegenden Lücken entstehen beim Aufbau der Außenschale unabhängig von der Art bzw. Größe der Versetzung übereinanderliegender Steinreihen von unten nach oben durchgehende Luftkanäle, die kaminartig wirken und eine gewünschte Hinterlüftung mit sich bringen. Dabei können die Rippen direkt vom Baustein oder von mit dem Baustein durch Kleben, Schäumen od. dgl. verbundenen Leisten ausgebildet sein und die Rippen brauchen außerdem nicht über die gesamte Steinhöhe durchgehend zu verlaufen, es genügt ihr abschnittsweises Vorhandensein. Auch ihre Querschnittsform ist variabel, und als Bausteine selbst können alle möglichen Bauelemente, wie einzelne. Ziegel oder vorgefertigte Wandteile dienen.The invention solves this problem in that the outer shell consists of building blocks which have inwardly projecting, perpendicular ribs, the average width of which is smaller than the average width of the gaps remaining between them, forming the free space. These ribs always keep the insulation layer at an appropriate distance by themselves, so that the formation of the space necessary for the rear ventilation is ensured simply by customary bricking up the masonry without the need for additional battens or the like. The width ratios of the ribs and the gaps between them create continuous air channels from bottom to top regardless of the type or size of the staggering rows of stones, which have a chimney-like effect and provide the desired ventilation. The ribs can be formed directly from the building block or from strips connected to the building block by gluing, foaming or the like, and the ribs also do not need to run continuously over the entire stone height; their presence in sections is sufficient. Their cross-sectional shape is also variable, and all possible components, such as individual ones, can be used as building blocks themselves. Bricks or prefabricated wall parts are used.

Um zu verhindern, daß es durch die zeitweise unterkühlte Außenschale zu einer Kondensation der in die Dämmschicht eindiffundierenden Feuchtigkeit kommt, ist die Berührungsfläche zwischen den Rippen und der Dämmschicht möglichst klein zu halten. Die Rippen müssen darüber hinaus aber auch entsprechend hoch sein, um ein Verschließen der Lücken durch das weiche Dämmmaterial sicher zu verhindern, wobei die Rippenhöhe für die Weite der Lükken maßgebend ist, so daß sich im Hinblick auf die vorhandenen Festigkeitseigenschaften ein bestimmter Zusammenhang zwischen Form und Größe der Rippen und ihres gegenseitigen Abstandes ergibt. Durchaus günstige Verhältnisse treten auf, wenn die mittlere Rippenbreite etwa halb so groß wie die maximale Rippenhöhe ist und die mittlere Lückenweite etwa dem Zwei- bis Fünffachen der maximalen Rippenhöhe entspricht. Dabei sollten die mittlere Breite bzw. die maximale Höhe der Rippen mindestens 1 bzw. 2 cm und die mittlere Lückenweite 5 cm betragen. Diese Maßangaben sind selbstverständlich nur ungefähre Richtwerte, die stark vom Material des Bausteines und der Dämmschicht und auch von der Querschnittsform der Rippen beeinflußt werden. Die geradlinig verlaufenden Rippen sind ja nicht auf eine bestimmte Ausführungsform beschränkt, sie können an und für sich beliebigen, z.B. rechteckigen, trapezförmigen oder runden Querschnitt aufweisen, wobei diese Maßangaben dann Mittelwerte darstellen. Im Endeffekt kommt es ja nur darauf an, daß die zwischen den Rippen verbleibenden Lükken groß genug sind, um eine Kaminwirkung zu erzeugen, und die Rippen bei kleinster Berührungsfläche mit der Dämmschicht ein Eindringen dieser-Dämmschicht in die lichte Weite der Lücken weitgehend ausschließen.In order to prevent condensation of the moisture diffusing into the insulation layer due to the temporarily supercooled outer shell, the contact area between the ribs and the insulation layer must be kept as small as possible. The ribs must also be correspondingly high in order to reliably prevent the gaps from being closed by the soft insulation material, the height of the ribs being decisive for the width of the gaps, so that there is a certain relationship between shape and shape with regard to the existing strength properties Size of the ribs and their mutual distance results. Quite favorable conditions occur when the average rib width is approximately half the maximum rib height and the average gap width corresponds to approximately two to five times the maximum rib height. The average width or maximum height of the ribs should be at least 1 or 2 cm and the average gap width 5 cm. These dimensions are of course only approximate guide values, which are strongly influenced by the material of the building block and the insulation layer and also by the cross-sectional shape of the ribs. The rectilinear ribs are not limited to a specific embodiment, they can have any desired cross-section, for example rectangular, trapezoidal or round, these dimensions then representing mean values. In effect, there is indeed only important that the remaining between the ribs Lükken are large enough to produce a chimney effect, and the rib with the smallest area of contact with the insulating layer a penetration of these - largely exclude insulation layer in the clear width of the gaps.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand in einem Ausführungsbeispiel rein schematisch dargestellt, und zwar zeigenIn the drawing, the subject matter of the invention is shown purely schematically in one exemplary embodiment, specifically showing

Fig. 1 und 2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Mauerwerk im Horizontalschnitt und im Vertikalschnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1.1 and 2 an inventive masonry in the horizontal cut and in vertical section along the line II-II of Fig. 1st

Ein zweischaliges Mauerwerk 1 besteht aus der tragenden Innenschale 2, der mit Abstand davon aufgerichteten Außenschale 3 und einer mittigen Dämmschicht 4 aus Mineralwolle od. dgl. Um ein Durchnässen der Dämmschicht 4 zu verhindern, was ein starkes Absinken der Isoliereigenschaften und eine wesentliche Verschlechterung des Wohnklimas zur Folge hätte muß für eine Hinterlüftung des Mauerwerkes 1 gesorgt sein, die einen Freiraum zwischen Außenschale 3 und Dämmschicht 4 für die Luftführung erfordert. Um auf einfache Weise diesen Freiraum gleichzeitig mit dem üblichen Aufmauern des Mauerwerkes entstehen zu lassen, wird die Außenschale 3 aus Bausteinen 5 mit nach innen vorragenden, lotrecht verlaufenden Rippen 6, die schmäler sind als die zwischen zwei benachbarten Rippen 6 vorhandenen Lücken 7, aufgebaut. Die Lücken 7 der einzelnen Bausteine 5 bilden in der fertigen Außenschale 3 von unten nach oben durchgehende Kanäle, die von Luft durchströmt werden (Pfeile 8) und die gewünschte Hinterlüftung des Mauerwerkes 1 mit sich bringen. Die Rippen 6 der Bausteine 5 halten dabei die Dämmschicht 4 auf Distanz und verhindern das Eindringen des relativ weichen Isoliermaterials dieser Dämmschicht in die Lücken 7. Wie in Fig. 2 angedeutet, können die einzelnen Bausteine 5 der Außenschale 3 in gewohnter Weise versetzt aufgemauert sein, ohne daß dadurch die Kanalbildung für die Luftströmung 8 beeinträchtigt würde, da keine Rippe des einen Steines irgendeine Lücke der benachbarten Steine verschließen kann.A double-layer masonry 1 consists of the load-bearing inner shell 2, the outer shell 3 erected at a distance therefrom and a central insulating layer 4 made of mineral wool or the like consequently, ventilation of the masonry 1 would have to be ensured, which requires a free space between the outer shell 3 and the insulation layer 4 for the air flow. In order to allow this free space to be created in a simple manner at the same time as the usual masonry masonry, the outer shell 3 is built up from building blocks 5 with inwardly projecting, perpendicular ribs 6, which are narrower than the gaps 7 present between two adjacent ribs 6. The gaps 7 of the individual building blocks 5 form in the finished outer shell 3 through channels from bottom to top, through which air flows (arrows 8) and bring about the desired rear ventilation of the masonry 1. The ribs 6 of the building blocks 5 keep the insulating layer 4 at a distance and prevent the relatively soft insulating material of this insulating layer from penetrating into the gaps 7. As indicated in FIG. 2, the individual building blocks 5 of the outer shell 3 can be staggered in the usual manner, without thereby affecting the channeling for the air flow 8, since no rib of one stone can close any gap of the neighboring stones.

Claims (1)

1. Zweischaliges Mauerwerk mit einer inneren Dämmschicht aus Mineralwolle od. dgl. und einem Freiraum zwischen Dämmschicht und Außenschale zur Mauerwerkshinterlüftung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Außenschale (3) aus Bausteinen (5) besteht, die nach innen vorragende, lotrecht verlaufende Rippen (6) aufweisen, deren mittlere Breite kleiner als die mittlere Weite der zwischen ihnen verbleibenden, den Freiraum bildenden Lücken (7) ist. 2. Mauerwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mittlere Rippenbreite etwa halb so groß wie die maximale Rippenhöhe ist und die mittlere Lückenweite etwa dem Zwei- bis Fünffachen der maximalen Rippenhöhe entspricht.1. Double-layer masonry with an inner insulating layer of mineral wool or the like and a space between the insulating layer and outer shell for masonry rear ventilation, characterized in that the outer shell (3) consists of building blocks (5), the inwardly projecting, perpendicular ribs (6 ), the average width of which is smaller than the average width of the gaps (7) remaining between them and forming the free space. 2. Masonry according to claim 1, characterized in that the average rib width is about half the size of the maximum rib height and the average gap width corresponds to approximately two to five times the maximum rib height.
EP81890065A 1980-04-25 1981-04-14 Two-sheet brickwork Expired EP0041059B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0222880A AT363655B (en) 1980-04-25 1980-04-25 DOUBLE-WALLED MASONRY
AT2228/80 1980-04-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0041059A2 true EP0041059A2 (en) 1981-12-02
EP0041059A3 EP0041059A3 (en) 1982-01-06
EP0041059B1 EP0041059B1 (en) 1983-11-30

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81890065A Expired EP0041059B1 (en) 1980-04-25 1981-04-14 Two-sheet brickwork

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US (1) US4422271A (en)
EP (1) EP0041059B1 (en)
AT (1) AT363655B (en)
CA (1) CA1153862A (en)
DE (1) DE3161533D1 (en)
DK (1) DK149929C (en)

Cited By (1)

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FR2578280A1 (en) * 1985-01-11 1986-09-05 Turrillot Manuel Block for building using formwork for constructions such as industrial buildings, detached houses and the like

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GR1000174B (en) * 1989-10-20 1991-12-10 Minas Iosifidis Surfaces for the stucco application
AT403599B (en) * 1991-11-07 1998-03-25 Lehner Wolfgang FINISHED ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION ON SITE
FR2691191A1 (en) * 1992-05-14 1993-11-19 Arnaud Guy Drained and insulated double wall - has superposed fibrous cloths fastening insulation core to adjoining walls of building block
US5598673A (en) * 1994-01-18 1997-02-04 Atkins; Mark R. Masonry cavity wall air space and weeps obstruction prevention system
US5702627A (en) * 1995-03-27 1997-12-30 Brasken; Walter Uninsulated and insulated concrete building structure production in situ
US5826388A (en) * 1996-05-07 1998-10-27 K2, Inc. Composite insulating drainage wall system
US7730685B1 (en) 2003-12-11 2010-06-08 Keene Building Products Co., Inc. Mortar and debris collection system for masonry cavity walls
US7181888B1 (en) * 2006-01-12 2007-02-27 George Facaros Interconnected double hull construction for basements

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FR2247588A1 (en) * 1973-10-11 1975-05-09 Deloupy Guy Thermal acoustic insulating building construction - has hollow blocks spaced from hollow blocks with insulating layer
DE2417138A1 (en) * 1974-04-09 1975-10-16 Hans H Dipl Ing Dipl K Winkler Rear-ventilated double-skinned wall insulating layer - as solid insulating panel with spaced covering panel adjoining outer skin
EP0032519A2 (en) * 1980-01-21 1981-07-29 Mladen Kezele Building structures made from glued brick lamellae

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FR2247588A1 (en) * 1973-10-11 1975-05-09 Deloupy Guy Thermal acoustic insulating building construction - has hollow blocks spaced from hollow blocks with insulating layer
DE2417138A1 (en) * 1974-04-09 1975-10-16 Hans H Dipl Ing Dipl K Winkler Rear-ventilated double-skinned wall insulating layer - as solid insulating panel with spaced covering panel adjoining outer skin
EP0032519A2 (en) * 1980-01-21 1981-07-29 Mladen Kezele Building structures made from glued brick lamellae

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2578280A1 (en) * 1985-01-11 1986-09-05 Turrillot Manuel Block for building using formwork for constructions such as industrial buildings, detached houses and the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK149929C (en) 1987-12-07
ATA222880A (en) 1981-01-15
DK149929B (en) 1986-10-27
EP0041059B1 (en) 1983-11-30
AT363655B (en) 1981-08-25
DK183381A (en) 1981-10-26
US4422271A (en) 1983-12-27
DE3161533D1 (en) 1984-01-05
EP0041059A3 (en) 1982-01-06
CA1153862A (en) 1983-09-20

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