EP0040748A1 - Kesselkonstruktion mit hohem Wirkungsgrad - Google Patents

Kesselkonstruktion mit hohem Wirkungsgrad Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0040748A1
EP0040748A1 EP81103592A EP81103592A EP0040748A1 EP 0040748 A1 EP0040748 A1 EP 0040748A1 EP 81103592 A EP81103592 A EP 81103592A EP 81103592 A EP81103592 A EP 81103592A EP 0040748 A1 EP0040748 A1 EP 0040748A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
primary
manifold
boiler structure
turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81103592A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Scalfi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0040748A1 publication Critical patent/EP0040748A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/02—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the fluid remaining in the liquid phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D2015/0291—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes comprising internal rotor means, e.g. turbine driven by the working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0024—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for combustion apparatus, e.g. for boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a high or optimized efficiency boiler structure.
  • the task of this invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of prior boilers by providing a boiler structure of optimized performance, which can favor, through simple and readily implemented means, a maximal delivery of heat by the flue gases to the thermal exchange fluid, and also enable the recovery of valuable power from the thermal exchange fluid.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a boiler of small overall size and with low installation space requirements, thus enabling its utilization for standard domestic applications to interior space heating and the heating of water for sanitary use.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide an optimized performance boiler structure which can be easily implemented from elements and materials readily available on the market, and is highly competitive from an economical standpoint.
  • an optimized performance boiler structure characterized in that it comprises, located above the combustion zone, a tube nest wherethrough a high expansion primary thermal fluid is circulated, said tube nest extending between a lower manifold and upper manifold, said upper manifold being connected to the primary fluid inlet end of a counter-current heat exchanger the outlet whereof is connected to said lower manifold, said heat exchanger being provided at the bottom with an inlet fitting and at the top with an outlet fitting for a secondary thermal exchange fluid, in the circuit of said primary thermal fluid there intervening a turbine driven by the natural flow of said primary thermal fluid.
  • the optimized performance boiler comprises a body 1, preferably but not necessarily arranged to extend vertically, which has at its bottom portion a combustion zone which may be especially designed for either solid fuels, liquid fuels, gaseous fuels, or to provide a so-called combination boiler.
  • the cited body 1 is equipped, at the upper or top portion thereof, with a conventional flue 2 for discharging smoke and combustion products.
  • a tube nest including a plurality of tubes 3 which extend preferably parallel to one another in a substantially vertical direction.
  • the cited tubes 3 extend from a lower manifold 4 to an upper manifold 5, which is accommodated, similarly to the manifold 4, within the body 1.
  • both the lower manifold 4 and upper manifold 5 have a substantially spherical configuration, and the tubes 3 are connected to the upper hemisphere of the lower manifold 4 and to the lower hemisphere of the upper manifold 5.
  • a high expansion primary thermal fluid which may be, as a non-limitative example, water.
  • the upper manifold 5 is put into communication with a counter-current heat exchanger, indicated at 6. More in detail, the upper manifold 5 is connected to the inlet of a primary conduit 7, whereas the lower manifold 4 is connected to the the outlet of the cited primary conduit 7.
  • the primary conduit 7 has on its outer surface fins 8 or other suitable elements for increasing the surface area of thermal exchange.
  • the primary conduit 7 is located inside a container 9 for the passage of the secondary thermal exchange fluid. More specifically, the thermal exchange container 9 is provided, at the bottom portion thereof, with an inlet fitting 10 for the secondary thermal exchange fluid, and at the top, with an outlet fitting 11 for the secondary thermal exchange fluid; thus, a counter-current thermal exchange relationship is established between the primary fluid circulated through the conduit 7 and secondary fluid circulated through the container 9.
  • the provision of the fins 8 or other suitable elements for increasing the useful surface area of the conduit 7 greatly facilitates the exchange of heat, and may induce turbulent flow to further improve the delivery of heat from the primary fluid to the secondary fluid, which can be utilized for a standard home heating system or sanitary system.
  • the direction of flow of the primary thermal fluid is dictated, first of all, by the arrangement of the manifolds within the.body 1, in that the lower manifold is obviously swept by hotter gases and thus generates a more powerful heating of the primary thermal fluid, which will tend to migrate toward the upper manifold; this direction of circulation is further enhanced by that the heat exchanger operates 'in counter-current, thereby upon cooling, the primary fluid will tend to flow down toward the outlet portion of the primary conduit 7, thus increasing the natural circulation velocity of the primary thermal fluid in the primary circuit.
  • the primary thermal fluid circulation circuit includes a turbine, indicated at 20, which is driven by the aforesaid natural circulation.
  • the turbine 20 is accommodated inside a plenum chamber 21 whereinto an inert gas is introduced from above which is at a higher or possibly equal pressure than the primary thermal fluid, thereby the turbine is swept by the flow of primary thermal fluid only at the bottom portion thereof, i.e. at the portion located below its axis of rotation, to thus ensure that the turbine can only rotate in one direction.
  • the turbine 20 may be connected to a generating unit of conventional design, thus enabling the recovery of valuable energy, such as electric energy, from the thermal exchange fluid.
  • a vent 22 Downstream of the plenum chamber 21, which advantageously intervenes between the upper manifold 5 and the inlet to the heat exchanger 6, there is located a vent 22, which constitutes a protection measure against any potential risk in the operation of the boiler.
  • this same natural circulation which is determined and enhanced by the primary fluid being a high expansion fluid, is also utilized to drive the turbine 20, which is thus enabled to generate high amounts of valuable power.
  • the invention achieves its objects, ,and in particular the fact is stressed herein that by providing a turbine in the circuit of natural circulation of the primary thermal fluid, the efficiency or useful- output of the boiler according to the invention is substantially improved, through the exploitation, in practice, of the kinetic energy of the thermal exchange fluid, which energy, in conventional design boiler structures, is virtually wasted.
  • the materials used are compatible with the specific application, and the dimensions and contingent shapes may be any ones, depending on individual requirements.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP81103592A 1980-05-21 1981-05-11 Kesselkonstruktion mit hohem Wirkungsgrad Withdrawn EP0040748A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2223180 1980-05-21
IT22231/80A IT1130639B (it) 1980-05-21 1980-05-21 Struttura di caldaia a rendimento ottimizzato

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0040748A1 true EP0040748A1 (de) 1981-12-02

Family

ID=11193394

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81103592A Withdrawn EP0040748A1 (de) 1980-05-21 1981-05-11 Kesselkonstruktion mit hohem Wirkungsgrad

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0040748A1 (de)
IT (1) IT1130639B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4655042A (en) * 1986-10-08 1987-04-07 Kries Gary W Method and apparatus for improving the operation of a hot water heater
DE3609314A1 (de) * 1986-03-20 1987-09-24 Helmut Nopper Fuer den dezentralen einsatz geeignete waermekraftanlage zur erzeugung von mechanischer energie und/oder prozesswaerme und/oder vortriebsarbeit
WO2014094079A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Rutten New Energy System Sa Centrale électrique thermique classique ou solaire thermodynamique à concentration
EP2333447A3 (de) * 2009-12-05 2015-12-02 Robert Bosch GmbH Warmwasseranlage und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von Warmwasser
EP4215864A1 (de) * 2022-01-21 2023-07-26 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Wärmetauschersammelrohrstrukturen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB155005A (en) * 1919-09-06 1920-12-06 John Fox Jennens Malone Improved method of and apparatus for obtaining power
GB1056463A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-01-25 Gustavsbergs Fabriker Ab Improvements in or relating to boilers
DE2020837A1 (de) * 1969-04-28 1970-11-12 Barrault Rene Louis Einrichtung zum Erwaermen einer Fluessigkeit
DE2022733A1 (de) * 1969-05-14 1970-11-19 Radiation Ltd Gas- oder oelbefeuerter Wassererhitzer
FR2248406A1 (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-05-16 Achon Herve Closed circuit thermal machine - has pump powered by fall of condensed vapour and oil layer on heating liquid
US4041710A (en) * 1976-09-09 1977-08-16 Robert August Kraus Hydraulic prime mover device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB155005A (en) * 1919-09-06 1920-12-06 John Fox Jennens Malone Improved method of and apparatus for obtaining power
GB1056463A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-01-25 Gustavsbergs Fabriker Ab Improvements in or relating to boilers
DE2020837A1 (de) * 1969-04-28 1970-11-12 Barrault Rene Louis Einrichtung zum Erwaermen einer Fluessigkeit
DE2022733A1 (de) * 1969-05-14 1970-11-19 Radiation Ltd Gas- oder oelbefeuerter Wassererhitzer
FR2248406A1 (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-05-16 Achon Herve Closed circuit thermal machine - has pump powered by fall of condensed vapour and oil layer on heating liquid
US4041710A (en) * 1976-09-09 1977-08-16 Robert August Kraus Hydraulic prime mover device

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3609314A1 (de) * 1986-03-20 1987-09-24 Helmut Nopper Fuer den dezentralen einsatz geeignete waermekraftanlage zur erzeugung von mechanischer energie und/oder prozesswaerme und/oder vortriebsarbeit
US4655042A (en) * 1986-10-08 1987-04-07 Kries Gary W Method and apparatus for improving the operation of a hot water heater
EP2333447A3 (de) * 2009-12-05 2015-12-02 Robert Bosch GmbH Warmwasseranlage und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen von Warmwasser
WO2014094079A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Rutten New Energy System Sa Centrale électrique thermique classique ou solaire thermodynamique à concentration
BE1021499B1 (fr) * 2012-12-21 2015-12-03 Rutten - New Energy System S.A. Centrale electrique thermique classique ou solaire thermodynamique a concentration
US9540943B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-01-10 Rutten New Energy System Sa Concentrating conventional thermal or thermodynamic solar power plant
EP4215864A1 (de) * 2022-01-21 2023-07-26 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Wärmetauschersammelrohrstrukturen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8022231A0 (it) 1980-05-21
IT1130639B (it) 1986-06-18

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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Effective date: 19821030