EP0037212A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Unterdrückung von fehlerhaften Abtastsignalen in digitalen Videosignalen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Unterdrückung von fehlerhaften Abtastsignalen in digitalen Videosignalen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0037212A2
EP0037212A2 EP81301156A EP81301156A EP0037212A2 EP 0037212 A2 EP0037212 A2 EP 0037212A2 EP 81301156 A EP81301156 A EP 81301156A EP 81301156 A EP81301156 A EP 81301156A EP 0037212 A2 EP0037212 A2 EP 0037212A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sample
sample signal
error
algorithm
signal
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81301156A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0037212A3 (en
EP0037212B1 (de
Inventor
James Hedley Wilkinson
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Sony Corp filed Critical Sony Corp
Priority to AT81301156T priority Critical patent/ATE7640T1/de
Publication of EP0037212A2 publication Critical patent/EP0037212A2/de
Publication of EP0037212A3 publication Critical patent/EP0037212A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0037212B1 publication Critical patent/EP0037212B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/93—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/87—Regeneration of colour television signals
    • H04N9/88—Signal drop-out compensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/87—Regeneration of colour television signals
    • H04N9/88—Signal drop-out compensation
    • H04N9/888—Signal drop-out compensation for signals recorded by pulse code modulation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods and apparatuses for concealing errors in digital television signals.
  • Such techniques are, for example, used in some video tape recording arrangements where an incoming television signal to be recorded is sampled, the samples are coded into digital form, the digital data signals are recorded and subsequently reproduced by a video tape recorder (VTR), the reproduced digital data signals are decoded, and the decoded signals are used to form an analog signal corresponding to the original television signal.
  • VTR video tape recorder
  • the digital signals are corrupted and then the reformed television signal does not correspond exactly to the original television signal, and a resulting television picture is degraded.
  • correction which involved the production and use of additional data signals purely for the purposes of error detection and correction, these additional data signals otherwise being redundant. While correction provides good results, it cannot generally be used as the sole means of dealing with errors, because a comprehensive correction capability would require an excessive amount of additional data which might overload the data handling paths or raise the data rate to an unacceptable level.
  • concealment This comprises the replacement of corrupted data signals by data signals generated using available uncorrupted data signals. This method relies largely for accuracy on the strong correlation that exists in a television signal.
  • the current recommendation for the sampling frequency for digital television systems is for a component system using 12 MHz for the luminance signal and 4 MHz for each of the colour difference signals, the lower frequency being acceptable for the colour difference signals because the eye is less sensitive to differences in colour than to differences in luminance.
  • the luminance Nyquist frequency is therefore 6 MHz. If a Nyquist fraction of 0.85 is chosen, then the highest frequency which can satisfactory be concealed is 5.1 MHz.
  • a method of concealing errors in a digital television signal which television signal comprises a plurality of sample signals corresponding respectively to sample positions along a horizontal scan line of a television picture made up of a plurality of such lines, the method comprising, in respect of each said sample signal which is in error:
  • Said method may comprise:
  • apparatus for concealing errors in a digital television signal which television signal comprises a plurality of sample signals corresponding respectively to sample positions along a horizontal scan line of a television picture made up of a plurality of such lines, the apparatus comprising:
  • Said apparatus may comprise:
  • said different directions and/or different dimensions of said television picture comprise four different directions, these directions being the horizontal, vertical, positive diagonal and negative diagonal directions of the television picture.
  • the different dimensions may include not only the horizontal and vertical dimensions but also the time dimension, meaning preceding and succeeding frames or fields.
  • this shows part of a television raster, and in particular part of three consecutive horizontal scan lines labelled line n-1, line n and line n+1.
  • the luminance sample positions are disposed at regular intervals along each of the lines, the intervals corresponding to a luminance sampling frequency of 12 MHz, and the sample positions being aligned in the vertical direction. Reading from the left, consecutive sample positions in each line are labelled S-3, S-2, S-1, S0, Sl, S2 and S3.
  • any sample position in the matrix can be designated by the line and the sample number, and for purposes of this discussion it is assumed that the sample position at which there is an error sample signal requiring concealment is in line n at position S0, this being designated n, S0.
  • the average could be taken of the two samples in line n adjacent to and on each side of the sample position n, S0.
  • the average could be taken of the two sample values in line n-1 and line n+1 adjacent to and vertically above and below the sample position n, S0.
  • the average could be taken of the two sample values in line n-1 and line n+1 and on either side of the sample position n, SO along the positive diagonal direction.
  • the average could be taken of the two sample values in line n-1 and line n+1 adjacent to and on either side of the sample position n, SO and along the negative diagonal direction.
  • each of these possibilities may be thought of as an algorithm for calculating a corrected value, and it will be appreciated that it is likely that one of these algorithms will give a better result than any of the others.
  • the preferred algorithm to be used is therefore selected by testing each algorithm using known sample values to see which gives the best result.
  • the first possibility mentioned above can be tested by using the sample values at the sample positions (n-1), S-1 and (n-1), S1 to calculate the value at the sample position (n-1), S0.
  • the value at this latter position is known, this provides a check on the accuracy of that algorithm when used for that particular television signal at that particular position.
  • a similar check can be carried out using the same algorithm in respect of the line n+1.
  • similar checks can be carried out using the other three algorithms, and the algorithm giving the best result is selected.
  • the results derived from the respective algorithms can be weighted.
  • a value can be placed on the likely accuracy of the results obtained. This is necessary because the distance between adjacent sample positions is less in the horizontal direction than in the vertical direction, the difference amounting to a factor of approximately 1.625. For this reason, the algorithm using the horizontal direction is in fact most likely to give the nearest result, with the algorithm for the vertical direction being next best, and the two algorithms for the diagonal directions being the next best.
  • the decision of concealment direction is made by investigating the adjacent sample values and obtaining the concealment accuracy for each direction. If the concealment accuracy is H for the horizontal direction, V for the vertical direction, D + for the positive diagonal direction and D for the negative diagonal direction, then these concealment accuracies can be defined as follows: . that is to say, the concealment accuracy H equal the average of the horizontal concealment accuracy from the horizontal line immediately above and the horizontal line immediately below the horizontal line containing the error sample.
  • These four values H, V, D+and D represent the accuracy of concealment for the sample values most closely connected with the error sample.
  • these values are each assigned a weighting coefficient to take account of the unequal spacings of the horizontal, vertical and diagonal samples. The smallest value is then used to select the direction of concealment.
  • the method can be extended into the third dimension, that is to say the time dimension.
  • the calculated values may be determined making use of corresponding sample positions in one or more preceding and one or more succeeding fields or even frames of the television signal. This increases the number of algorithms available for use, but the actual algorithms selected for use and the number of algorithms (from two upwards) used will depend on the particular situation in which the invention is to be applied.
  • the first shows the relationship between concealment and frequency in the horizontal direction.
  • the abbreviation cph means cycles per picture height.
  • the second shows the amplitude of the concealment error in the horizontal direction as a section on the line Xl-X2 of Figure 3A.
  • Figures 4A and 4B are similar except that they are for the vertical direction, and Figure 4B is a section on the line Yl-Y2 of Figure 4A.
  • Figures 5A and 5B are similar except that they are for the positive diagonal direction, and Figure 5B is a section on the line Zl-Z2 of Figure 5A.
  • Figures 6A and 6B are similar except that they are for the negative diagonal direction, and Figure 6B is a section on the line Al-A2 of Figure 6A.
  • each of the responses shown in Figures 3 to 6 shows zero error where the greatest density of sample frequencies exist, that is to say around zero frequency. Moreover, the responses cover most of the frequencies existing within the Nyquist limits in each direction.
  • Figures 7A to 7C show the total potential coverage of the four concealment algorithms, the shaded area showing the frequencies not concealed to the required accuracy, the required accuracy being 1 dB in Figure 7A, 3 dB in Figure 7B and 6 dB in Figure 7C.
  • the scaling of the vertical and horizontal axes take account of the relative spatial positions of the adjacent sample positions in the vertical and horizontal directions, this ratio being approximately 1:1.625, as mentioned above.
  • each colour difference channel can be provided with a separate concealment selection arrangement independent of the arrangement for the luminance channel.
  • the first solution referred to above increases the amount of hardware required by approximately three
  • an alternative method which economizes on the amount of hardware required makes use of the fact that the chrominance information is related to the luminance information. That is, where a chrominance edge exists, so usually does a luminance edge. Based on this assumption it is possible to select the direction of colour difference concealment to be the same as that selected for luminance concealment.
  • the chrominance samples occur at only one third the frequency of the luminance samples along each horizontal line, a different set of weighting coefficients has to be used, these being optimized to the chrominance bandwidths.
  • the apparatus comprises a luminance sample storage means 1 to which luminance input samples are supplied by way of an input terminal 2.
  • the luminance sample storage means 1 supplies outputs to a luminance sample matrix storage means 3 which stores a moving matrix of sample values corresponding to the sample positions (n+1),S2; (n+l),Sl; (n+1),S0; (n+1),S-1; (n+1),S-2; n,Sl; n,SO; n,S-1; (n-1),52; (n-1),S1; (n-1),S0; (n-1),S-1; and (n-1),S-2.
  • Each of the concealment accuracy detectors 4 to 7 is continuously supplied with the appropriate part of the sample matrix from the luminance sample matrix storage means 3.
  • the horizontal concealment accuracy detector 4 receives or selects the sample values necessary to calculate the concealment accuracy H using algorithm (1) above, and supplies a signal representing the concealment accuracy H by way of a weighting multiplier 8 to a luminance direction processor 12.
  • the concealment accuracy detectors 5 to 7 supply a respective signal representing the vertical concealment accuracy V, the positive diagonal concealment accuracy D + and the negative diagonal concealment accuracy D - by way of weighting multipliers 9, 10 and 11 respectively to the luminance direction processor 12.
  • the weighting multipliers 8 to 11 effect the weighting referred to above to compensate for the different distances between adjacent sample positions in the various directions.
  • the weighting may be done simply on the basis of distance between adjacent sample positions, in which case each weighting multiplier multiplies by the reciprocal of the distance between adjacent sample positions in the relevant direction. Other weightings can, however, be used.
  • the luminance direction processor 12 supplies an output signal representing the selected direction of concealment to a sample value calculator 13 which operates to select the appropriate samples from the luminance sample matrix storage means 3 and calculate therefrom the required concealment value to be used to conceal the error sample.
  • the sample value calculator 13 uses the sample values for the sample positions n,S-1 and n,S+l to calculate the value to be used to conceal the error sample at the sample position n, S0.
  • the concealment value is supplied to a selector 14 to which a switching signal is supplied by way of a terminal 15.
  • the selector 14 is also supplied with the sample value from the sample position n,SO by way of a terminal 16.
  • the apparatus as so far described operates continuously, that is to say concealment values are determined as described for every sample position and supplied to the selector 14. Only, however, when it has been determined that there is an error at a given sample position n,SO, is a signal supplied to the selector 14 by way of the terminal 15, whereupon the concealment value supplied from the calculator 13 is supplied to a luminance output terminal 17 in place of the sample value supplied by way of the terminal 16. At all other times, the sample value supplied by way of the terminal 16 is supplied to the luminance output terminal 17.
  • the fact that there is an error at a given sample position n,So can be determined in any suitable manner. For example, it may be determined that the data word representing the sample value is not valid. As a more specific example, suppose that each sample value is coded into a word in the sub-set of 10-bit words which consist of 5 "0" and 5 "1"; this being convenient for magnetic recording and reproduction because of the large number of transients and the ease of clock recovery. In this case any reproduced data word not having 5 "0” and 5 "1" is not a valid member of the sub-set and so is clearly an error. Thereupon a switching signal is supplied to the terminal 15.
  • the apparatus may also include arrangements for calculating concealment values for the colour difference channels U and V. For simplicity, only that part of the apparatus necessary to calculate concealment values for the difference channel U is shown and will be described.
  • the apparatus comprises a chrominance sample storage means 21 to which chrominance input samples are supplied by way of an input terminal 22.
  • the chrominance sample storage means 21 supplies outputs to a chrominance signal matrix storage means 23 which stores a moving matrix of sample values corresponding to those listed above in connection with the luminance sample matrix storage means 3, but adjusted to take account of the different spacing between adjacent chrominance samples.
  • the concealment accuracy detectors 4 to 7 derive signals representing the horizontal, vertical, positive diagonal and negative diagonal concealment accuracies H, V, V t and V for the chrominance difference channel U and supply the signals by way of respective chrominance weighting multipliers 24, 25, 26 and 27 to a chrominance direction processor 28 which supplies an output signal representing the selected direction of concealment to a sample value calculator 29 which operates to select the appropriate samples from the chrominance sample matrix storage means 23 and calculate therefrom the required concealment value to be used to conceal the error sample.
  • the concealment error is supplied to a selector 30 to which a switching signal is supplied by way of a terminal 31.
  • the selector 30 is also supplied with the sample value from the sample position n,SO by way of a terminal 32.
  • the chrominance part of the apparatus preferably operates continuously. Only, however, when it has been determined there is an error at a given sample position n,SO, is a signal supplied to the selector 30 by way of the terminal 31, whereupon the concealment value supplied from the calculator 29 is supplied to a chrominance output terminal 33 in place of the sample value supplied by way of the terminal 32.
  • the chrominance part of apparatus may be duplicated for the colour difference channel V or alternatively hardware can be saved by also using.. the algorithm selected for the colour difference channel U for the colour difference channel V.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular form of television system and it may, for example, equally well be applied to a television signal of the PAL system or the NTSC system. Moreover, the invention is not limited to concealment of errors which have arisen in the course of recording and reproducing from a VTR, but may be used in any situation where errors have arisen in processing, transmitting or handling a digital television signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Television Systems (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
  • Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)
  • Noise Elimination (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Color Television Systems (AREA)
EP81301156A 1980-04-02 1981-03-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Unterdrückung von fehlerhaften Abtastsignalen in digitalen Videosignalen Expired EP0037212B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81301156T ATE7640T1 (de) 1980-04-02 1981-03-18 Verfahren und vorrichtungen zur unterdrueckung von fehlerhaften abtastsignalen in digitalen videosignalen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8011090 1980-04-02
GB8011090A GB2073534B (en) 1980-04-02 1980-04-02 Error concealment in digital television signals

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0037212A2 true EP0037212A2 (de) 1981-10-07
EP0037212A3 EP0037212A3 (en) 1981-12-02
EP0037212B1 EP0037212B1 (de) 1984-05-23

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EP81301156A Expired EP0037212B1 (de) 1980-04-02 1981-03-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Unterdrückung von fehlerhaften Abtastsignalen in digitalen Videosignalen

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US (1) US4419693A (de)
EP (1) EP0037212B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS56162582A (de)
AT (1) ATE7640T1 (de)
AU (1) AU540385B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1181168A (de)
DE (1) DE3163722D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2073534B (de)

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EP0048569A2 (de) * 1980-09-18 1982-03-31 Sony Corporation Fehlerverbergung in digitalen Fernsehsignalen
EP0048569A3 (en) * 1980-09-18 1982-08-11 Sony Corporation Error concealment in digital television signals
FR2509547A1 (fr) * 1981-07-13 1983-01-14 Sony Corp Circuit de filtre
EP0081387A1 (de) * 1981-12-08 1983-06-15 Sony Corporation Anordnung zur selektiven Fehlerburstkompensation mit variabler Länge in aufeinanderfolgenden Datenwörtern
FR2524238A1 (fr) * 1982-03-25 1983-09-30 Rca Corp Procede et dispositif pour masquer des erreurs dans une information video echantillonnee
EP0094750A2 (de) * 1982-05-14 1983-11-23 Sony Corporation Fehlerunterdrückung in digitalen Fernsehsignalen
EP0094750A3 (en) * 1982-05-14 1985-08-21 Sony Corporation Error concealment in digital television signals
EP0095838A2 (de) * 1982-05-26 1983-12-07 Sony Corporation Verfahren und Geräte zur Fehlerverdeckung in digitalen Fernsehsignalen
EP0095838A3 (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-09-18 Sony Corporation Methods of and apparatus for error concealment in digital television signals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2073534B (en) 1984-04-04
JPS56162582A (en) 1981-12-14
ATE7640T1 (de) 1984-06-15
EP0037212A3 (en) 1981-12-02
US4419693A (en) 1983-12-06
EP0037212B1 (de) 1984-05-23
JPH0225315B2 (de) 1990-06-01
AU6878281A (en) 1981-10-08
CA1181168A (en) 1985-01-15
AU540385B2 (en) 1984-11-15
DE3163722D1 (en) 1984-06-28
GB2073534A (en) 1981-10-14

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