EP0037072A1 - Câble longitudinalement étanche à l'eau, notamment câble de communication - Google Patents

Câble longitudinalement étanche à l'eau, notamment câble de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0037072A1
EP0037072A1 EP81102246A EP81102246A EP0037072A1 EP 0037072 A1 EP0037072 A1 EP 0037072A1 EP 81102246 A EP81102246 A EP 81102246A EP 81102246 A EP81102246 A EP 81102246A EP 0037072 A1 EP0037072 A1 EP 0037072A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable according
water
substance
gas bubbles
cable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP81102246A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Zeidler
Ernst Dr. Phil. Chem. Ney
Gerhard Dipl.-Chem. Lange
Helmut Saller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0037072A1 publication Critical patent/EP0037072A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2935—Discontinuous or tubular or cellular core
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
    • Y10T428/2947—Synthetic resin or polymer in plural coatings, each of different type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
    • Y10T428/2949—Glass, ceramic or metal oxide in coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2958—Metal or metal compound in coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2975—Tubular or cellular

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a longitudinally watertight cable, in particular communication cable, in the interior of which a filling compound containing a water-repellent substance is provided, in which gas bubbles are embedded.
  • a longitudinally sealed cable of this type is known from DE-OS 27 16 524.
  • gas bubbles When gas bubbles are stored, their position in the filling compound is not readily stable and there is therefore a risk that larger gas bubbles may form at certain points due to migration of the gas bubbles, which adversely affect the electrical properties of the cable. It is therefore provided in the known arrangement that the air inclusions are stabilized in their position by supporting components in fiber form.
  • the present invention which be on a longitudinally waterproof cable of the type mentioned pulls, the task is to create a cable structure that is easy to manufacture on the one hand and in which on the other hand the filling compound and the enclosed gas bubbles are distributed as evenly as possible, homogeneous in themselves and sufficiently secured against segregation or displacement of the gas bubbles.
  • this is achieved in that the filling compound is thickened with a network-forming thixotropic substance, the network of which is torn apart by mechanical action and builds up again in the idle state with a substantial increase in viscosity, and in that the size of the gas bubbles with regard to the tensile strength of the Network structure is chosen so that the buoyancy of the gas bubbles in the rest state of the filling material is significantly below the tensile strength and thereby the position of the gas bubbles in the rest state are secured in a time-stable manner.
  • a cable constructed in this way initially has the advantage that the filling compound can be kept very homogeneous because the net-forming thixotropic substance and the water-repellent substance can be mixed very well together with the enclosed gas bubbles and separation does not occur. This applies especially to the gas bubbles, because they are held in the network structure of the thixotropic substance in such a way that migration is not possible in the idle state due to buoyancy forces. It is particularly advantageous that this state of stable storage of the gas bubbles in the filling compound can be ensured solely by the size of the gas bubbles, because only their size determines the buoyancy.
  • All those substances can be used for the net-forming thixotropic substance that form spatial networks (frameworks) due to relatively weak, ie non-chemical bonds through agglomeration.
  • substances in which dipole interactions or van der Waals forces are effective can also be used for the net-forming connection of the individual basic building blocks. These forces are sufficient to ensure a sufficiently firm cohesion for gas bubbles up to a certain size for the resulting network structures.
  • substances which can be used in this context are: finely divided carbon (graphite) and non-annealed A 1 2 0 3 .
  • a solution which is particularly advantageous with regard to both the electrical properties of the cable and the processing technology consists in the fact that in the case of the thixotropic substance, the formation of noise is caused by so-called hydrogen bonds.
  • a preferred example of this is finely divided amorphous silica, which can be obtained in highly pure form, for example by hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in an oxyhydrogen gas flame, and is obtained in spherical particles.
  • These spherical particles of the order of a few ⁇ m around have bonds on their surfaces, as shown in FIG. 1 and referred to as silanol groups, that is to say silicon atoms which carry OH groups 1.
  • the binding forces between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms shown in dashed lines form the individual basic elements to form a three-dimensional network which, at a sufficiently high concentration, merges into a closed gel structure.
  • the schematically indicated buoyancy A of such a gas bubble must remain significantly smaller than the force which exists due to the network structure between the individual basic components (here as a result of the OH bond) if the gas bubbles GB migrate in a time-stable manner should be prevented.
  • An excessive amount of admixtures with strongly polar molecules also interferes with the formation of the structure causing the thixotropy in the filling compound. It is therefore recommended to use mainly saturated aliphatic oils without polar side or end groups (ester groups, acid groups, etc.) as the water-repellent substance.
  • the filling compound be as free as possible from hydrocarbon halogen or hydrocarbon nitrogen compounds.
  • the size of the buoyancy depends on the diameter of the gas bubbles. It is thus particularly easy to set the buoyancy A by the choice of the size of the bubbles so that the net structure cannot be torn by the buoyancy A.
  • the still permissible bubble size for a given substance can be determined simply by preparing samples with gas bubbles of different sizes and by observing which diameter value no longer occurs.
  • the gas bubbles are sufficiently held in their position by the braking effect of the water-repellent substance. That's why the water-repellent substance should not be chosen too thin.
  • a sufficiently high viscosity is achieved in an advantageous manner above all by wax and high molecular weight oil components which are used for the filling compound. Additions of tackifying components (atactic polypropylene, polyisobutylene) can also sufficiently stabilize the foam-like filling compound in the inevitable phases of movement of the cable.
  • a correspondingly high viscosity is also e.g. achieved by incorporating particles that are crystalline (low-molecular PE components) or cross-linked (rubber-elastic components).
  • the thixotropic agent i.e. in particular the finely divided thixotropic silica can advantageously be added to a water-repellent substance as an additive of up to 20%, preferably between 2 and 6% (percent by weight).
  • This water-repellent substance preferably consists of a mixture of saturated liquid and solid hydrocarbons, e.g. made of paraffin wax.
  • the water-repellent substance must be selected so that its presence does not prevent the formation of the spatial network structures or that existing spatial network structures are destroyed.
  • the presence of water for the formation / spatial network structures in connection with amorphous silica is particularly undesirable because the silanol groups already mentioned are hydrophilic and therefore lose the ability to agglomerate due to excessive water accumulation.
  • the substances used for fillers in the cables are water-repellent as much as possible in order to prevent the ingress of water if the sheath is damaged, this measure also ensures that the spatial network structures cannot be destroyed to a large extent by water .
  • the water-repellent substance WA therefore has a double function in this context, because it both protects the cable as such from water ingress and at the same time maintains the ability of the thixotropic agent to form network structures.
  • the gas bubbles which preferably consist of nitrogen or freon, are distributed as evenly as possible and are present below the permitted size, so that the filling composition as a whole has an approximately foam-like consistency.
  • the gas is injected under pressure from the outside via nozzles or the like, and then ensured by an appropriate mixing process that the Distribution of the very small, compressed gas bubbles over the filling compound takes place as evenly as possible.
  • the filling material obtained in this way is then inserted into the cable core by means of appropriate filling trumpets or the like and is closed off from the outside by the jacket. The gas bubbles can then expand to their final size due to the decreasing pressure.
  • Another possibility is that an additional substance is added to the filling mass, which releases a gas when heated.
  • the filling compound only needs to be subsequently heated, for example briefly during the cable manufacturing process, and a sufficient number of gas bubbles, which are usually very small, are released in a sufficient manner.
  • the size of the gas bubbles formed is influenced by the pore size of the added material which releases the gas and by the temperature increase and the pressure control.
  • the formation of bubbles in the production of the foam-like filling compound is advantageously increased by adding small amounts of nucleating agents (dispersed PE, fluoropolymer or mineral particles).
  • the substances is important to ensure that they have a sufficiently high resistivity, for example, at 20 ° C in excess of 10 13 ohm-cm and at 100 ° C or above. 3 10 10 Qcm.
  • the filling compound Since water can penetrate if the cable sheath is damaged, which, depending on the nature of the soil, can be slightly acidic or slightly alkaline, special measures must be taken to prevent a harmful influence. This is achieved in that the filling compound, without the thixotropic component, has a certain minimum viscosity in the temperature range from 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. (advantageously above 1000 cP). Furthermore, the filling compound should have no or almost no water-soluble or hydrophilic stock contain or water-friendly molecular groups (OH, COOH, NH 2 groups) and must have the lowest possible wettability against water.
  • FIG. 2 shows the shear rate v as a function of the shear stress T in a diagram for the thixotropic substance.
  • a deflection remains stable over time, i.e. the spatial network structure does not tear.
  • the spatial network structure has been destroyed, so that in the idle state the thixotropic agent together with the enclosed gas bubbles must be sufficiently far below the point X.
  • mineral silica derivatives can also be used as thixotropic agents, e.g. Montmorillonite, kaolin and asbestos.
  • silica there are other substances that also have the property of agglomeration through hydrogen bonding, in particular the water-mixed oxides B 2 O 3 , P 2 O 5 , Ge 0 2 .
  • the hydrogen bonds are not only limited to OH compounds, but can also form between NH-, SH- and halogen H-containing substances. However, these bonds are weaker than those linked via oxygen.

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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
EP81102246A 1980-03-28 1981-03-25 Câble longitudinalement étanche à l'eau, notamment câble de communication Ceased EP0037072A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3012206 1980-03-28
DE19803012206 DE3012206A1 (de) 1980-03-28 1980-03-28 Laengswasserdichtes kabel, insbesondere nachrichtenkabel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0037072A1 true EP0037072A1 (fr) 1981-10-07

Family

ID=6098715

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81102246A Ceased EP0037072A1 (fr) 1980-03-28 1981-03-25 Câble longitudinalement étanche à l'eau, notamment câble de communication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4388485A (fr)
EP (1) EP0037072A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3012206A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101248472B1 (ko) * 2013-01-04 2013-04-03 (주)휴바이오메드 지혈 밸브장치

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS587607A (ja) * 1981-07-07 1983-01-17 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 光フアイバ複合架空線およびその製造方法
FR2552238B2 (fr) * 1983-09-16 1985-10-25 Cables De Lyon Geoffroy Delore
DE3573478D1 (en) * 1984-03-03 1989-11-09 Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd Waterproof optical fiber cable
US5461195A (en) * 1986-03-26 1995-10-24 Waterguard Industries, Inc. Filled telecommunications cable having temperature stable mutual capacitance
US5218011A (en) * 1986-03-26 1993-06-08 Waterguard Industries, Inc. Composition for protecting the contents of an enclosed space from damage by invasive water
US5256705A (en) * 1986-03-26 1993-10-26 Waterguard Industries, Inc. Composition with tackifier for protecting communication wires
CA1299412C (fr) * 1986-09-19 1992-04-28 Nobuhiro Akasaka Cable de fibres optiques muni d'un dispositif empechant l'eau de se repandre a l'interieur de la gaine
DE3801409A1 (de) * 1988-01-15 1989-07-27 Siemens Ag Lichtwellenleiter-seekabel mit regeneratorversorgung
US7288574B2 (en) * 2001-07-18 2007-10-30 Eckert C Edward Two-phase oxygenated solution and method of use
US20060030900A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2006-02-09 Eckert C E Two-phase oxygenated solution and method of use

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2019074A1 (de) * 1970-04-21 1971-11-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Fernmeldekabel mit kunststoffisolierten Adern
DE2243615A1 (de) * 1972-09-01 1974-03-07 Siemens Ag Laengsdichtes nachrichtenkabel
AT330871B (de) * 1972-09-21 1976-07-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Feuchtigkeitssperrendes fullmittel fur kabel

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1524124A (en) * 1920-07-03 1925-01-27 Standard Underground Cable Co Canada Construction of cables
DE1490621B2 (de) * 1964-07-29 1971-10-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin u 8000 München, se, Puell, Heinz, Dipl Ing , 1000 Berlin Nachrichtenkabel mit kunststoffisolierten adern
US3576388A (en) * 1968-12-05 1971-04-27 Stauffer Wacker Silicone Corp Electrical cable
DE2018863A1 (de) * 1970-04-14 1971-10-28 Ver Draht & Kabelwerke Ag Längswasserdichtes Fernmeldekabel
NL7117321A (fr) * 1971-12-17 1973-06-19
CA982804A (en) * 1972-12-29 1976-02-03 Shirley M. Beach Composition for filling cables
US4110137A (en) * 1972-12-29 1978-08-29 Phillips Cable Limited Composition for filling cables
US3875323A (en) * 1973-10-01 1975-04-01 Gen Cable Corp Waterproof telephone cables with pliable non-flowing filling compound
US3893961A (en) * 1974-01-07 1975-07-08 Basil Vivian Edwin Walton Telephone cable splice closure filling composition

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2019074A1 (de) * 1970-04-21 1971-11-11 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Fernmeldekabel mit kunststoffisolierten Adern
DE2243615A1 (de) * 1972-09-01 1974-03-07 Siemens Ag Laengsdichtes nachrichtenkabel
AT330871B (de) * 1972-09-21 1976-07-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Feuchtigkeitssperrendes fullmittel fur kabel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
O.A. NEUMULLER " Römpps Chemie Lexikon " , 7. Auflage, Band 6 FRANCKLISCHE VERLAGSHANDLUNG, Stuttgart 1977 Seiten 3888-3889 * Stichwort " Wasserstoffbrückenbindung " * *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101248472B1 (ko) * 2013-01-04 2013-04-03 (주)휴바이오메드 지혈 밸브장치

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4388485A (en) 1983-06-14
DE3012206A1 (de) 1981-10-08

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH FR GB IT LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19811030

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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18R Application refused

Effective date: 19831027

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: ZEIDLER, GUENTER, DR. DIPL.-ING.

Inventor name: LANGE, GERHARD, DIPL.-CHEM.

Inventor name: NEY, ERNST, DR. PHIL. CHEM.

Inventor name: SALLER, HELMUT