EP0035757A1 - Turbine à vapeur - Google Patents

Turbine à vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035757A1
EP0035757A1 EP81101580A EP81101580A EP0035757A1 EP 0035757 A1 EP0035757 A1 EP 0035757A1 EP 81101580 A EP81101580 A EP 81101580A EP 81101580 A EP81101580 A EP 81101580A EP 0035757 A1 EP0035757 A1 EP 0035757A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
impeller
steam turbine
impellers
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81101580A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0035757B1 (fr
Inventor
Paul Dipl.-Ing. Morcov
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81101580T priority Critical patent/ATE17774T1/de
Publication of EP0035757A1 publication Critical patent/EP0035757A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0035757B1 publication Critical patent/EP0035757B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/32—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with pressure velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor, e.g. Heron turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam turbine with a closed circuit with at least one impeller arranged in a closed turbine housing.
  • the steam turbine has been the most important engine in thermal power plants for about a century; it has gained considerable importance as a marine propulsion system, for driving pumps, compressors, power generators, etc. While the steam turbine developed rapidly in the first 50 years of this period, the technical literature shows that in the past 50 years the development of the steam turbine has ceased is characterized by drastic developments.
  • the steam turbine according to the invention can be classified as a counter-pressure reaction turbine, but differs in essential features from the conventional turbines in this group.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a steam turbine of the type mentioned, in which these losses are largely avoided or at least greatly reduced.
  • the impeller has at its periphery several, approximately tangentially arranged, designed for supercritical gradient nozzles, which are connected to cavities in the impeller for steam supply, and that the closed turbine housing has a steam outlet leading into the further steam circuit .
  • the steam turbine according to the invention is also suitable for driving ships, locomotives and other vehicles.
  • Laval nozzles designed for supercritical gradients
  • the steam turbine has several stages in a manner known per se. a plurality of impellers mounted on a common rotor shaft, and that in each case the steam outlet of one stage is connected to the cavities in the impeller of the following stage.
  • this multi-stage design which is necessary to utilize the entire available heat gradient, can be implemented in a structurally very simple manner, namely without guide wheels.
  • the cavities in the impeller expediently consist of a central cavity in the shaft area and a plurality of tubes leading from there to a nozzle. This allows the steam to be fed to each individual impeller in a simple manner, even in the case of a multi-stage design.
  • the successive nozzles on the circumference of the impeller are alternately angled axially to both sides from the impeller level. It is thereby achieved that the steam jet emerging from a nozzle does not impinge on the subsequent nozzle, but rather flows freely past it. Despite this axial angling of the individual nozzles, there is no resulting axial force which would make axial force compensation necessary because the axial forces generated by the alternately angled nozzles on the impeller cancel each other out.
  • At least two nozzles are connected in series in the impeller, so that the turbine stages are arranged in such a way that the gradual reduction of the heat gradient does not take place "horizontally" in the adjacent impellers, but in each individual impeller radially one after the other, with all the impellers be supplied with steam on the high pressure side and reduce the same heat gradient in two or more stages.
  • At least two impellers are arranged opposite to each other in the outlet directions of the nozzles, and that the two impellers can optionally be connected to the cavity for supplying steam.
  • the wheels are located centrally in the wheels or one Geten rotor shaft, an axially movable slide is arranged, which optionally blocks one of the two impellers from the cavity for the supply of steam.
  • the steam leaving the steam outlet of the 'possibly last stage is conducted in a closed circuit via a pressure regenerator and back to the impeller of the possibly first stage.
  • a pressure regenerator as is known for example from DE-OS 26 13 418, a particularly high efficiency is achieved because the steam in the closed circuit does not condense and the water would have to be evaporated again. Instead, the steam remains in the vapor phase; by applying heat, its pressure is increased to the value desired at the turbine inlet.
  • a rotor shaft 2 is rotatably supported at its ends in bearings 3, which are preferably designed as roller bearings.
  • a bushing 4 is fastened on the shaft 2 and axially adjacent to one another encloses a plurality of divided cavities 5 which are designed as annular spaces.
  • a plurality of disk-shaped impellers 6 are mounted on the bushing 4, each of which has a plurality of radial tubes 7, which are connected to the annular spaces 5 via bores 8 and angled at their outer end in the circumferential direction and there in each case with a nozzle 9 (FIG. 2 ) are connected, which are designed as so-called Laval nozzles with a cross-section that decreases from the nozzle inlet to a narrowest cross-section and expands again towards the nozzle outlet.
  • the impellers 6 are each freely rotatable in a housing chamber 10 of the turbine housing 1.
  • Each housing chamber 10 has a steam outlet 11, which is connected to one of the annular cavities 5 via an intermediate chamber 12, a plurality of radial housing bores 13 and a plurality of radial bores 14 of the sleeve 4.
  • These openings through which the steam flows can also be designed in the manner of Laval nozzles, as shown in the drawing, in order to keep the flow losses low.
  • FIG. 1 shows a multi-stage steam turbine.
  • the steam passes through a steam supply line 15 through a housing bore 16 and a radial bore 17 of the sleeve 4 into the annular space 5 of the first stage. After this Flow through the nozzles 9 of the impeller 6 of the first stage, the steam passes through the steam outlet 11 into the annular space 5 of the second stage, etc., until the steam through the steam outlet 11 of the last stage via a line 18 to one in FIG. 1 only schematically indicated pressure regenerator 19 and from there via a line 20 and a regulator 21 in the closed circuit again in the steam supply line 15.
  • nozzles 9 are each arranged at a flat angle to the impeller plane, so that the steam jets emerging from the nozzles 9 do not strike the respectively neighboring nozzle 9.
  • the nozzles 9 are screwed to web plates 22 or welded to them.
  • the tubes 7 are also welded to these web plates 22, so that the individual impellers 6 each form a disk-shaped component.
  • the individual turbine stages are sealed off from one another and from the atmosphere by means of stuffing boxes 23 or similar seals which are only schematically indicated in FIG. 1.
  • a rotor shaft 2 ' is mounted in bearings 3' in a two-part turbine housing 1 ', which are designed, for example, as plain bearings made of white metal.
  • two disc-shaped impellers 6 'and 6 are arranged side by side, each carrying a plurality of tangentially directed nozzles 9' and 9" on their circumference, which, like the nozzles 9 of the previously described exemplary embodiment, are designed as so-called Laval nozzles with a cross section that decreases from the nozzle inlet to a narrowest cross section and widens again towards the nozzle outlet.
  • the exit direction of the nozzles 9 'of one impeller 6' and the nozzles 9 "of the other impeller 6" are tangentially opposite.
  • the impellers 6 'and 6 are freely rotatable in a housing chamber 10' of the turbine housing 1 ', which likewise has a steam outlet 11'.
  • a cover 24 is attached, through which a steam supply line 15' leads centrally into a central cavity 5 'of the rotor shaft 2'. From there, the steam passes through tangentially arranged nozzles 25, which are also designed as Laval nozzles for supercritical gradients, into curved tubes 7 'which run outwards to the nozzles 9' or 9 ".
  • the heat gradient of the steam is reduced in a first stage in the nozzles 25 on the inside of the impeller.
  • the external nozzles 9 'and 9 "form the second stage. From the steam outlet 11', the steam flows - as described in connection with FIG. 1 - to a pressure regenerator (not shown in FIG. 4) and from there back into the closed circuit the steam supply line 15 '.
  • three or more nozzles can also be connected in series depending on the size of the heat gradient.
  • a slide 26 is arranged axially displaceably in the cavity 5 'of the rotor shaft 2' and has a bushing 27 at its end facing the steam supply line 15 ', which is connected to a piston-shaped slide part 29 via webs 28.
  • the steam enters the interior of each of the impellers 6 ′ or 6 ′′ between the webs 28.
  • the slide 26 is connected to a piston 31 via a piston rod 30.
  • a ring 32 surrounds the piston rod 30 in a sealing manner and can be on both of them Hydraulic pressure is alternately applied to the sides via hydraulic lines 33.
  • the slide 26 is optionally moved into one of its two axial end positions, so that either the impeller 6 'or the impeller 6 "is pressurized with steam.
  • the direction of rotation of the rotor shaft reverses accordingly 2 'around.
  • the rotor shaft 2 ' consists of two hollow shafts 34 and 35, which between them Take up impellers 6 'and 6 ", a shaft intermediate piece 36 being arranged between these two impellers.
  • One hollow shaft 35 is connected to a shaft journal 37.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 The embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is particularly suitable for heavy vehicles, such as locomotives, ships, etc.
  • the machine does not require a controller.
  • the steam turbine with nozzles 25 and 6 'connected in series according to FIGS. 4 and 5 can also be designed without a device for reversing the direction of rotation, for example with a plurality of adjacent impellers 6' which are connected to the common cavity 5 '.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP81101580A 1980-03-08 1981-03-05 Turbine à vapeur Expired EP0035757B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81101580T ATE17774T1 (de) 1980-03-08 1981-03-05 Dampfturbine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3008973 1980-03-08
DE19803008973 DE3008973A1 (de) 1980-03-08 1980-03-08 Dampfturbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0035757A1 true EP0035757A1 (fr) 1981-09-16
EP0035757B1 EP0035757B1 (fr) 1986-01-29

Family

ID=6096637

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81101580A Expired EP0035757B1 (fr) 1980-03-08 1981-03-05 Turbine à vapeur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0035757B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE17774T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3008973A1 (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2240817A (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-08-14 Vni I Kt I Kompressornogo Mash Reaction-jet turbine
WO1996012872A1 (fr) * 1994-10-24 1996-05-02 Charles Ward Turbine hydraulique
WO2001062589A1 (fr) * 2000-02-24 2001-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mecanisme d"entrainement de turbine a gaz et a vapeur pour un navire
KR100905963B1 (ko) 2007-03-27 2009-07-06 김기태 반작용식 스팀 터빈
US7786192B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2010-08-31 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Nanomodified concrete additive and high performance cement past and concrete therefrom
KR101052253B1 (ko) * 2007-10-11 2011-07-27 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
KR101092783B1 (ko) 2011-03-02 2011-12-09 김기태 가스터빈
JP2012520970A (ja) * 2009-03-18 2012-09-10 エイチケー タービン カンパニー，リミテッド 反作用式タービン
US20130156546A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2013-06-20 Hk Turbine Co., Ltd. Reaction-type turbine
ES2424171A1 (es) * 2010-12-22 2013-09-27 Francisco BARBA TRIGUEROS Dispositivo (turbina) para la conversión de la energía térmica de un fluido, en energía cinética (mecánica) mediante un proceso de expansión, sin la utilización de álabes, ni rotóricos ni estatóricos
KR20130125960A (ko) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-20 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
KR101368408B1 (ko) * 2012-05-08 2014-03-03 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
KR101388216B1 (ko) * 2011-03-28 2014-04-23 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
ITRN20130006A1 (it) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-05 Giancarlo Fabbri Turbina idraulica a immissione centrale e flusso centrifugo
ES2479166R1 (es) * 2013-01-23 2014-08-06 Cristobal Lozano Fernandez Turbina de toberas a doble reacción
US20140248124A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2014-09-04 Hk Turbine Co., Ltd. Reactive turbine apparatus
CN104141512B (zh) * 2009-03-18 2016-11-30 Hk轮机有限公司 反作用式涡轮
WO2016192601A1 (fr) * 2015-06-01 2016-12-08 王瀚诚 Moteur rotatif du type à injection
EP3054087A4 (fr) * 2013-09-30 2017-05-17 Posco Energy Co. Ltd. Corps de rotation de tuyère pour turbine à vapeur de type à réaction
DE102017005615A1 (de) 2017-06-14 2018-12-20 Erol Kisikli Turbine
CN109339867A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-02-15 翁志远 反动喷嘴式叶轮、转子、汽轮机、汽轮设备及原动机

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3827450A1 (de) * 1988-08-12 1990-02-15 Weh Herbert Schwingungsarme ausfuehrung von transversalflussmaschinen
DE10045379A1 (de) * 2000-09-12 2002-03-28 Juergen Balck Turbine, für die Energieumwandlung von physikalischer Energie in mechanischer Energie für den Antrieb technischer Geräte
KR101392496B1 (ko) * 2011-09-30 2014-05-12 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈장치
KR101229575B1 (ko) 2011-10-05 2013-02-05 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈장치 및 이의 제조방법

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2613418A1 (de) * 1976-03-30 1977-10-20 Morcov Dipl Ing Paune Drehverdampfer

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE181146C (fr) *
FR345573A (fr) * 1904-08-13 1904-12-05 Louis Dubois Turbine à vapeur à admission centrale
DE446413C (de) * 1924-11-18 1927-06-30 Rudolf Wagner Dr Laeufer fuer Rueckdruck-Dampf- oder -Gasturbinen
DE504502C (de) * 1925-06-18 1930-08-05 Rudolf Wagner Dr Laeufer fuer Rueckdruckdampf- oder Gasturbinen
FR633236A (fr) * 1927-04-23 1928-01-25 Turbine
CH161928A (de) * 1931-09-14 1933-05-31 Oerlikon Maschf Gasturbine.
DE1109452B (de) * 1955-05-17 1961-06-22 Henri Moulin Rueckdruck-Brennkraftturbine
US3032988A (en) * 1959-06-10 1962-05-08 Loyal W Kleckner Jet reaction turbine
US4124993A (en) * 1975-07-14 1978-11-14 Michael Eskeli Refrigeration machine
DE2607600A1 (de) * 1976-02-25 1977-09-01 Georg Sontheimer Antriebsrad fuer stroemungsmaschinen, insbesondere fuer gas- und dampfturbinen
DE2739055A1 (de) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-08 Siemens Ag Fluidmotor nach dem reaktionsprinzip
US4178125A (en) * 1977-10-19 1979-12-11 Dauvergne Hector A Bucket-less turbine wheel

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2613418A1 (de) * 1976-03-30 1977-10-20 Morcov Dipl Ing Paune Drehverdampfer

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2240817A (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-08-14 Vni I Kt I Kompressornogo Mash Reaction-jet turbine
WO1996012872A1 (fr) * 1994-10-24 1996-05-02 Charles Ward Turbine hydraulique
WO2001062589A1 (fr) * 2000-02-24 2001-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mecanisme d"entrainement de turbine a gaz et a vapeur pour un navire
US7786192B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2010-08-31 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Nanomodified concrete additive and high performance cement past and concrete therefrom
KR100905963B1 (ko) 2007-03-27 2009-07-06 김기태 반작용식 스팀 터빈
KR101052253B1 (ko) * 2007-10-11 2011-07-27 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
CN102356214B (zh) * 2009-03-18 2016-05-04 Hk轮机有限公司 反作用式涡轮
JP2012520970A (ja) * 2009-03-18 2012-09-10 エイチケー タービン カンパニー，リミテッド 反作用式タービン
CN104141512B (zh) * 2009-03-18 2016-11-30 Hk轮机有限公司 反作用式涡轮
EP2612986A4 (fr) * 2010-08-31 2018-03-07 HK Turbine Co., Ltd Turbine à réaction
US20130156546A1 (en) * 2010-08-31 2013-06-20 Hk Turbine Co., Ltd. Reaction-type turbine
ES2424171A1 (es) * 2010-12-22 2013-09-27 Francisco BARBA TRIGUEROS Dispositivo (turbina) para la conversión de la energía térmica de un fluido, en energía cinética (mecánica) mediante un proceso de expansión, sin la utilización de álabes, ni rotóricos ni estatóricos
WO2012118288A1 (fr) * 2011-03-02 2012-09-07 Kim Ki Tae Turbine à gaz
KR101092783B1 (ko) 2011-03-02 2011-12-09 김기태 가스터빈
EP2682585A4 (fr) * 2011-03-02 2014-08-20 Ki Tae Kim Turbine à gaz
EP2682585A1 (fr) * 2011-03-02 2014-01-08 Ki Tae Kim Turbine à gaz
KR101388216B1 (ko) * 2011-03-28 2014-04-23 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
US10006289B2 (en) * 2011-09-30 2018-06-26 Hk Turbine Co., Ltd. Reactive turbine apparatus
US20140248124A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2014-09-04 Hk Turbine Co., Ltd. Reactive turbine apparatus
KR101368408B1 (ko) * 2012-05-08 2014-03-03 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
US20150139781A1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2015-05-21 Hk Turbine Co., Ltd. Reaction turbine
KR20130125960A (ko) * 2012-05-10 2013-11-20 주식회사 에이치케이터빈 반작용식 터빈
ES2479166R1 (es) * 2013-01-23 2014-08-06 Cristobal Lozano Fernandez Turbina de toberas a doble reacción
ITRN20130006A1 (it) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-05 Giancarlo Fabbri Turbina idraulica a immissione centrale e flusso centrifugo
EP3054087A4 (fr) * 2013-09-30 2017-05-17 Posco Energy Co. Ltd. Corps de rotation de tuyère pour turbine à vapeur de type à réaction
WO2016192601A1 (fr) * 2015-06-01 2016-12-08 王瀚诚 Moteur rotatif du type à injection
DE102017005615A1 (de) 2017-06-14 2018-12-20 Erol Kisikli Turbine
CN109339867A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2019-02-15 翁志远 反动喷嘴式叶轮、转子、汽轮机、汽轮设备及原动机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0035757B1 (fr) 1986-01-29
DE3008973A1 (de) 1981-09-24
ATE17774T1 (de) 1986-02-15
DE3173593D1 (en) 1986-03-13

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