EP0035206B1 - Method of visualizing the distributions of residual moisture in trajectory-flow wet photographic film layers - Google Patents
Method of visualizing the distributions of residual moisture in trajectory-flow wet photographic film layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0035206B1 EP0035206B1 EP81101297A EP81101297A EP0035206B1 EP 0035206 B1 EP0035206 B1 EP 0035206B1 EP 81101297 A EP81101297 A EP 81101297A EP 81101297 A EP81101297 A EP 81101297A EP 0035206 B1 EP0035206 B1 EP 0035206B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- film
- residual moisture
- solution
- water
- alkali
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/04—Photo-taking processes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for visualizing residual moisture distributions in flowed photographic wet film layers by photochemical means by applying a swollen photographic film to the flowed area, passing a gas and then developing a residual moisture photogram with photographic developers.
- residual moisture distributions in the flowed photographic wet film layers can be made visible by photochemical means.
- the wet film diffusion process is based on the conversion of residual moisture profiles in flow-exposed films into moisture-analogous halftone blackening profiles.
- the development can be done by sulfide germination or by post-exposure.
- the photographic developer embedded in the film creates silver halftone images that are moisture-analogous in places of the residual moisture profile. Dry areas on the film remain bright (DE-PS 2 133 834).
- the post-exposure process and the sulfide seeding process are disturbed by exposure to daylight and must therefore be carried out under darkroom conditions.
- the object of the invention is a simplified development of residual moisture halftone photograms. after the wet film diffusion process.
- a film which is diffusely pre-exposed in daylight is placed in an aqueous swelling agent solution which contains (a) a reducing agent or (b) an alkali until the saturation of its gelatin layer and that the film after exposure in the gas stream (a) immersed in an alcoholic alkali solution or (b) in an alcoholic solution of a reducing agent. Since the reducing agent or alkali is added to the swelling bath from the outset, there is no special treatment step.
- Water glycol mixtures with a content of 10 to 50 vol.% Glycol are preferably suitable as swelling agent solutions.
- the water-soluble developers can be used as reducing agents in the swelling agent solution.
- alkali in the swelling agent solution are all water-soluble alkalis such as. B. K 2 CO a , Na z C0 3 , trisodium phosphate, sodium metasilicate (Metso), triethanolamine, sodium metaborate, sodium pyrophosphate neutral, barium carbonate, borax and sodium sulfite, in particular NaOH and KOH.
- concentrations are between 1 and 10% by weight.
- the pH of the solutions is between pH 9 and 13.
- Particularly suitable photographic developer solutions are alcohol / water mixtures with a content of up to 4% by volume of water.
- Suitable reducing agents in the developer solution are all alcohol-soluble developers, such as. B. pyrocatechol and p-phenylenediamine, especially hydroquinone.
- concentrations of the solutions are between 1 and 5% by weight, the working temperatures between 15 and 30 ° C.
- Suitable alkali in the developer solution are the alcohol-soluble alkalis such as. B. Na Z C0 3 and triethanolamine and in particular NaOH and KOH and the lower alcoholates of potassium and sodium, such as sodium and potassium methylate and ethylate.
- concentrations of the solutions are between 1 and 5% by weight at working temperatures between 15 and 30 ° C.
- the immersion times of the exposed films in the developer solutions are between 10 and 300 seconds.
- a film which is diffusely pre-exposed in daylight is saturated to approx. 3 to max. Swollen in an aqueous swelling agent solution containing a reducing agent or an alkali for 20 minutes.
- the swelling agent residues still present on the film surface when the film is removed from the solution are removed by stripping or squeezing using a calender.
- the film provided with the invisible residual moisture profile is immersed in the one-bath developer solution which, depending on the swelling agent composition, contains an alkali or a reducing agent.
- a visible black and white silver halftone is created.
- the film is removed by squeezing off developer liquid residues in order to avoid stains on the film during the subsequent fixing. After fixing, the film is washed and dried as usual.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for determining stationary, local boundary layer thickness distributions, wall shear stresses, mass transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficients.
- a photographic sheet film (Agfa N33 p) is swollen in daylight in a swelling agent solution at a temperature of 20 ° C for 5 minutes.
- the swelling agent solution consists of a water / glycol mixture in a ratio of 1: 1 and an addition of 2% by weight of hydroquinone. After swelling, excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing using a calender. The swollen film is then applied to the surface to be sprayed and exposed in the air stream. After an exposure time of several minutes, the film provided with the invisible residual moisture profile is removed from the surface of the article under flow and immersed in the one-bath developer solution.
- the developer solution consists of an alcohol / water mixture with a content of 4 vol.% Water and an addition of 2 wt.% NaOH.
- the development time is 3 minutes at a temperature of 20 ° C. According to the residual moisture content in the film, a visible, black and white silver halftone is created. To avoid staining, excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing using a calender. The film is then fixed, watered and dried.
- a photographic sheet film (Agfa N33p) is swollen in daylight in a swelling agent solution at a temperature of 20 ° C for 5 minutes.
- the swelling agent solution consists of a water / glycol mixture in a ratio of 1: 1 and an addition of 5% by weight of KOH. After swelling, excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing. The swollen film is then applied to the surface to be streamed and exposed in the air stream. After an exposure time of several minutes, the film provided with the invisible residual moisture profile is removed from the surface of the article under flow and immersed in the one-bath developer solution.
- the developer solution consists of anhydrous alcohol with the addition of 2% by weight of hydroquinone.
- the development time is 5 minutes at a temperature of 20 ° C.
- a visible, black and white silver halftone is created.
- excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing using a calender. The film is then fixed, watered and dried.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Sichtbarmachen von Restfeuchteverteilungen in angeströmten, photographischen Nassfitmschichten auf photochemischem Wege durch Aufbringen eines gequollenen photographischen Filmes auf die angeströmte Fläche, Überleiten eines Gases und anschliessende Entwicklung eines Restfeuchtephotogrammes mit photographischen Entwicklern.The invention relates to a method for visualizing residual moisture distributions in flowed photographic wet film layers by photochemical means by applying a swollen photographic film to the flowed area, passing a gas and then developing a residual moisture photogram with photographic developers.
Nach bekannten Verfahren können Restfeuchteverteilungen in angeströmten, photographischen Nassfilmschichten auf photochemischem Wege sichtbar gemacht werden. Das Nassfilmdiffusionsverfahren beruht auf der Umwandlung von Restfeuchteprofilen in strömungsexponierten Filmen in feuchtigkeitsanaloge Halbton-Schwärzungsprofile. Die Entwicklung kann durch Sulfidbekeimung oder durch Nachbelichtung erfolgen. Bei der Nachbelichtung erzeugt der im Film eingelagerte photographische Entwickler an Stellen des Restfeuchteprofils feuchtigkeitsanaloge Silberhalbtonbilder. Trockene Stellen auf dem Film bleiben hell (DE-PS 2 133 834). Das Nachbelichtungsverfahren und das Sulfidbekeimungsverfahren werden durch Tageslichteinwirkung gestört und müssen deshalb unter Dunkelkammerbedingungen durchgeführt werden. Um bei Tageslicht arbeiten zu können, musste das Restfeuchteprofil des exponierten Nassfilms nach dem sogenannten Schwefelwasserstoffverfahren («Sulfidbekeimungsverfahren») in einem Schwefelwasserstoffluftgemisch in ein braunes Silbersulfidbild umgewandelt werden. Es sind nicht nur grössere Mengen an Schwefelwasserstoffgas erforderlich, sondern man benötigt zur quantitativen densitometrischen Auswertung der Silbersulfid-Halbtonphotogramme auch sehr genau definierte Gasgemische, die schwierig herzustellen sind.According to known methods, residual moisture distributions in the flowed photographic wet film layers can be made visible by photochemical means. The wet film diffusion process is based on the conversion of residual moisture profiles in flow-exposed films into moisture-analogous halftone blackening profiles. The development can be done by sulfide germination or by post-exposure. During the post-exposure, the photographic developer embedded in the film creates silver halftone images that are moisture-analogous in places of the residual moisture profile. Dry areas on the film remain bright (DE-PS 2 133 834). The post-exposure process and the sulfide seeding process are disturbed by exposure to daylight and must therefore be carried out under darkroom conditions. In order to be able to work in daylight, the residual moisture profile of the exposed wet film had to be converted to a brown silver sulfide image using the so-called hydrogen sulfide process ("sulfide germination process") in a mixture of hydrogen sulfide and air. Not only are large amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas required, but also very precisely defined gas mixtures which are difficult to produce are required for the quantitative densitometric evaluation of the silver sulfide halftone photograms.
Zur Verbesserung dieser Verfahren ist es bekannt (DE-OS 2 741 405), den im Gasstrom exponierten Film zunächst in alkoholische Natronlauge zu tauchen (Bad 1 - Alkalisierung der im Film verbliebenen Restfeuchte). Nach Entfernen von Flüssigkeitsresten auf der Filmoberfläche mittels eines Kalanders wird der Film anschliessend in eine neutrale wässrige Lösung mit einem als photographischer Entwickler geeigneten Reduktionsmittel (z. B. Hydrochinon) getaucht (Bad 2). Dabei findet nur an den alkalihaltigen Stellen des Filmes eine Silberentwicklung statt. Das Verfahren arbeitet bei Tageslicht. Die Arbeitstemperaturen der Bäder sind konstant zu halten.To improve these processes, it is known (DE-OS 2 741 405) to first immerse the film exposed in the gas stream in alcoholic sodium hydroxide solution (bath 1 - alkalization of the residual moisture remaining in the film). After removing liquid residues on the film surface by means of a calender, the film is subsequently immersed in a neutral aqueous solution with a reducing agent (for example hydroquinone) suitable as a photographic developer (bath 2). Silver development occurs only at the alkali-containing parts of the film. The process works in daylight. The working temperatures of the baths must be kept constant.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist eine vereinfachte Entwicklung von Restfeuchte-Halbtonphotogrammen . nach dem Nassfilmdiffusionsverfahren.The object of the invention is a simplified development of residual moisture halftone photograms. after the wet film diffusion process.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass ein bei Tageslicht diffus vorbelichteter Film bis zur Sättigung seiner Gelatineschicht in eine wässrige Quellmittellösung gegeben wird, die (a) ein Reduktionsmittel oder (b) ein Alkali enthält und dass der Film nach der Exposition im Gasstrom (a) in eine alkoholische Alkalilösung oder (b) in eine alkoholische Lösung eines Reduktionsmittels getaucht wird. Da das Reduktionsmittel bzw. Alkali von vornherein dem Quellbad zugesetzt wird, entfällt ein spezieller Behandlungsschritt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that a film which is diffusely pre-exposed in daylight is placed in an aqueous swelling agent solution which contains (a) a reducing agent or (b) an alkali until the saturation of its gelatin layer and that the film after exposure in the gas stream (a) immersed in an alcoholic alkali solution or (b) in an alcoholic solution of a reducing agent. Since the reducing agent or alkali is added to the swelling bath from the outset, there is no special treatment step.
Als Quellmittellösungen sind vorzugsweise Wasserglykolmischungen mit einem Gehalt von 10 bis 50 Vol.% Glykol geeignet.Water glycol mixtures with a content of 10 to 50 vol.% Glycol are preferably suitable as swelling agent solutions.
Als Reduktionsmittel in der Quellmittellösung verwendbar sind die wasserlöslichen Entwickler wie z. B. Amidol(2,4-Diaminophenol, salzsauer), Brenzkatechin, Edinol, Eikonogen, Glyzin, Hydramin, Hydrochinon, Chlorhydrochinon (Adurol), Bromhydrochinon (Adurol), Metol, Neol, Phenidon, o-Phenylendiamin, p-Aminophenol (salzsauer), p-Phenylendiamin, Pyrogallol und Sulfinol in Konzentrationen von 1 bis 10 Gew.% bezogen auf den Wasseranteil.The water-soluble developers, such as, for example, can be used as reducing agents in the swelling agent solution. B. amidol (2,4-diaminophenol, hydrochloric acid), pyrocatechol, edinol, eikonogen, glycine, hydramine, hydroquinone, chlorohydroquinone (adurol), bromohydroquinone (adurol), metol, neol, phenidone, o-phenylenediamine, p-aminophenol (salt acid ), p-phenylenediamine, pyrogallol and sulfinol in concentrations of 1 to 10% by weight based on the water content.
Als Alkali in der Quellmittellösung verwendbar sind alle wasserlöslichen Alkalien wie z. B. K2COa, NazC03, Trinatriumphosphat, Natriummetasilikat (Metso), Triäthanolamin, Natriummetaborat, Natriumpyrophosphat neutral, Bariumkarbonat, Borax und Natriumsulfit, insbesondere NaOH und KOH. Die Konzentrationen liegen zwischen 1 bis 10 Gew.%. Der pH-Wert der Lösungen liegt zwischen pH 9 bis 13.Usable as alkali in the swelling agent solution are all water-soluble alkalis such as. B. K 2 CO a , Na z C0 3 , trisodium phosphate, sodium metasilicate (Metso), triethanolamine, sodium metaborate, sodium pyrophosphate neutral, barium carbonate, borax and sodium sulfite, in particular NaOH and KOH. The concentrations are between 1 and 10% by weight. The pH of the solutions is between pH 9 and 13.
Besonders geeignete photographische Entwicklerlösungen sind Alkohol/Wassermischungen mit einem Gehalt bis 4 Vol.% Wasser.Particularly suitable photographic developer solutions are alcohol / water mixtures with a content of up to 4% by volume of water.
Als Reduktionsmittel in der Entwicklerlösung sind verwendbar alle in Alkohol leicht löslichen Entwickler, wie z. B. Brenzkatechin und p-Phenylendiamin, insbesondere Hydrochinon. Die Konzentrationen der Lösungen liegen zwischen 1 und 5 Gew.%, die Arbeitstemperaturen zwischen 15 und 30 °C.Suitable reducing agents in the developer solution are all alcohol-soluble developers, such as. B. pyrocatechol and p-phenylenediamine, especially hydroquinone. The concentrations of the solutions are between 1 and 5% by weight, the working temperatures between 15 and 30 ° C.
In der Entwicklerlösung geeignete Alkali sind die in Alkohol löslichen Alkalien wie z. B. NaZC03 und Triäthanolamin und insbesondere NaOH und KOH sowie die niederen Alkoholate des Kaliums und des Natriums, wie Natrium- und Kaliummethylat und -äthylat. Die Konzentrationen der Lösungen liegen zwischen 1 und 5 Gew.% bei Arbeitstemperaturen zwischen 15 und 30°C.Suitable alkali in the developer solution are the alcohol-soluble alkalis such as. B. Na Z C0 3 and triethanolamine and in particular NaOH and KOH and the lower alcoholates of potassium and sodium, such as sodium and potassium methylate and ethylate. The concentrations of the solutions are between 1 and 5% by weight at working temperatures between 15 and 30 ° C.
Die Tauchzeiten der exponierten Filme in den Entwicklerlösungen betragen zwischen 10 und 300 sec.The immersion times of the exposed films in the developer solutions are between 10 and 300 seconds.
Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird ein bei Tageslicht diffus vorbelichteter Film bis zur Sättigung ca. 3 bis max. 20 Minuten in einer wässrigen, ein Reduktionsmittel oder ein Alkali enthaltenden Quellmittellösung gequollen. Nach erfolgter Quellung des Filmes werden die sich bei dem Herausnehmen des Filmes aus der Lösung noch auf der Filmoberfläche befindlichen Quellmittelreste durch Abstreifen oder Abquetschen mittels eines Kalanders entfernt. Im Anschluss an die Exposition im Luftstrom wird erfindungsgemäss der mit dem unsichtbaren Restfeuchteprofil versehene Film in die Einbad-Entwicklerlösung getaucht, die je nach Quellmittelzusammensetzung ein Alkali oder ein Reduktionsmittel enthält. Entsprechend dem Restfeuchtegehalt im Film entsteht nun ein sichtbares schwarz-weisses Silberhalbtonbild. Nach erfolgter Entwicklung wird der Film durch Abquetschen von Entwickler-Flüssigkeitsresten befreit, um bei der anschliessenden Fixierung Fleckenbildung auf dem Film zu vermeiden. Nach der Fixierung wird der Film wie üblich gewässert und getrocknet.To carry out the method according to the invention, a film which is diffusely pre-exposed in daylight is saturated to approx. 3 to max. Swollen in an aqueous swelling agent solution containing a reducing agent or an alkali for 20 minutes. After the film has swelled, the swelling agent residues still present on the film surface when the film is removed from the solution are removed by stripping or squeezing using a calender. Following exposure in the air stream, the film provided with the invisible residual moisture profile is immersed in the one-bath developer solution which, depending on the swelling agent composition, contains an alkali or a reducing agent. Depending on the residual moisture content in the film, a visible black and white silver halftone is created. After success After development, the film is removed by squeezing off developer liquid residues in order to avoid stains on the film during the subsequent fixing. After fixing, the film is washed and dried as usual.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere zur Ermittlung von stationären, örtlichen Grenzschichtdickenverteilungen, Wandschubspannungen, Stoffübergangskoeffizienten und Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for determining stationary, local boundary layer thickness distributions, wall shear stresses, mass transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficients.
Die Erfindung wird durch die folgenden Beispiele näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Ein photographischer Planfilm (Agfa N33 p) wird bei Tageslicht in einer Quellmittellösung bei einer Temperatur von 20°C 5 Min. lang gequollen. Die Quellmittellösung besteht aus einem Wasser/ Glykol-Gemisch im Verhältnis 1:1 und einem Zusatz von 2 Gew.% Hydrochinon. Nach dem Quellen werden überstehende Flüssigkeitsreste auf dem Film durch Abquetschen mittels Kalander entfernt. Der gequollene Film wird nun auf die zu beströmende Oberfläche aufgebracht und im Luftstrom exponiert. Nach einer Expositionszeit von mehreren Minuten wird der mit dem unsichtbaren Restfeuchteprofil versehene Film von der Oberfläche des beströmten Gegenstandes entfernt und in die Einbad-Entwicklerlösung getaucht. Die Entwicklerlösung besteht aus einem Alkohol/Wasser-Gemisch mit einem Gehalt von 4 Vol.% Wasser und einem Zusatz von 2 Gew.% NaOH. Die Entwicklungszeit beträgt 3 Min. bei einer Temperatur von 20°C. Entsprechend dem Restfeuchtegehalt im Film entsteht nun ein sichtbares, schwarz-weisses Silberhalbtonbild. Zur Vermeidung von Fleckenbildung werden nach dem Entwickeln überstehende Flüssigkeitsreste auf dem Film durch Abquetschen mittels Kalander entfernt. Der Film wird anschliessend fixiert, gewässert und getrocknet.A photographic sheet film (Agfa N33 p) is swollen in daylight in a swelling agent solution at a temperature of 20 ° C for 5 minutes. The swelling agent solution consists of a water / glycol mixture in a ratio of 1: 1 and an addition of 2% by weight of hydroquinone. After swelling, excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing using a calender. The swollen film is then applied to the surface to be sprayed and exposed in the air stream. After an exposure time of several minutes, the film provided with the invisible residual moisture profile is removed from the surface of the article under flow and immersed in the one-bath developer solution. The developer solution consists of an alcohol / water mixture with a content of 4 vol.% Water and an addition of 2 wt.% NaOH. The development time is 3 minutes at a temperature of 20 ° C. According to the residual moisture content in the film, a visible, black and white silver halftone is created. To avoid staining, excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing using a calender. The film is then fixed, watered and dried.
Ein photographischer Planfilm (Agfa N33p) wird bei Tageslicht in einer Quellmittellösung bei einer Temperatur von 20°C 5 Min. lang gequollen. Die Quellmittellösung besteht aus einem Wasser/ Glykol-Gemisch im Verhältnis 1:1 und einem Zusatz von 5 Gew.% KOH. Nach dem Quellen werden überstehende Flüssigkeitsreste auf dem Film durch Abquetschen entfernt. Der gequollene Film wird nun auf die zu beströmende Oberfläche aufgebracht und im Luftstrom exponiert. Nach einer Expositionszeit von mehreren Minuten wird der mit dem unsichtbaren Restfeuchteprofil versehene Film von der Oberfläche des beströmten Gegenstandes entfernt und in die Einbad-Entwicklerlösung getaucht. Die Entwicklerlösung besteht aus wasserfreiem Alkohol mit einem Zusatz von 2 Gew.% Hydrochinon. Die Entwicklungszeit beträgt 5 Min. bei einer Temperatur von 20°C. Entsprechend dem Restfeuchtegehalt im Film entsteht nun ein sichtbares, schwarz-weisses Silberhalbtonbild. Zur Vermeidung von Fleckenbildung werden nach dem Entwickeln überstehende Flüssigkeitsreste auf dem Film durch Abquetschen mittels Kalander entfernt. Der Film wird anschliessend fixiert, gewässert und getrocknet.A photographic sheet film (Agfa N33p) is swollen in daylight in a swelling agent solution at a temperature of 20 ° C for 5 minutes. The swelling agent solution consists of a water / glycol mixture in a ratio of 1: 1 and an addition of 5% by weight of KOH. After swelling, excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing. The swollen film is then applied to the surface to be streamed and exposed in the air stream. After an exposure time of several minutes, the film provided with the invisible residual moisture profile is removed from the surface of the article under flow and immersed in the one-bath developer solution. The developer solution consists of anhydrous alcohol with the addition of 2% by weight of hydroquinone. The development time is 5 minutes at a temperature of 20 ° C. Depending on the residual moisture content in the film, a visible, black and white silver halftone is created. To avoid staining, excess liquid residues on the film are removed by squeezing using a calender. The film is then fixed, watered and dried.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81101297T ATE10685T1 (en) | 1980-03-04 | 1981-02-23 | PROCESS FOR MAKING RESIDUAL MOISTURE DISTRIBUTIONS VISIBLE IN FLOWING, PHOTOGRAPHIC WET FILM LAYERS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803008266 DE3008266A1 (en) | 1980-03-04 | 1980-03-04 | METHOD FOR VISUALIZING REMAINING HUMIDITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN FLOWED, PHOTOGRAPHIC WET FILM LAYERS |
| DE3008266 | 1980-03-04 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0035206A2 EP0035206A2 (en) | 1981-09-09 |
| EP0035206A3 EP0035206A3 (en) | 1982-09-22 |
| EP0035206B1 true EP0035206B1 (en) | 1984-12-05 |
Family
ID=6096236
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81101297A Expired EP0035206B1 (en) | 1980-03-04 | 1981-02-23 | Method of visualizing the distributions of residual moisture in trajectory-flow wet photographic film layers |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4350757A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0035206B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS56149037A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE10685T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1168497A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3008266A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5070729A (en) * | 1990-12-03 | 1991-12-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Multi-colored layers for visualizing aerodynamic flow effects |
| US6481371B1 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-11-19 | Dec International, Inc. | Gutter and flushing system for milking parlors |
| US9481777B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2016-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method of dewatering in a continuous high internal phase emulsion foam forming process |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2740713A (en) * | 1952-04-26 | 1956-04-03 | Warren Joel | Sensitization of photographic emulsions |
| US3345174A (en) * | 1965-08-02 | 1967-10-03 | Charles R Dotson | Rapid access photographic process |
| DE2133834C3 (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1974-10-24 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Process for visualizing steady flow states of gases by photochemical means |
| DE2741405C2 (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1983-04-14 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Process for the production of residual moisture photograms |
| DE2911821C3 (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1982-03-18 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Method for making stationary heat transfer coefficient fields visible by photochemical means |
-
1980
- 1980-03-04 DE DE19803008266 patent/DE3008266A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-02-18 US US06/235,672 patent/US4350757A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-02-23 EP EP81101297A patent/EP0035206B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-23 AT AT81101297T patent/ATE10685T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-23 DE DE8181101297T patent/DE3167535D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-03 CA CA000372183A patent/CA1168497A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-04 JP JP3109081A patent/JPS56149037A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56149037A (en) | 1981-11-18 |
| ATE10685T1 (en) | 1984-12-15 |
| US4350757A (en) | 1982-09-21 |
| CA1168497A (en) | 1984-06-05 |
| EP0035206A3 (en) | 1982-09-22 |
| EP0035206A2 (en) | 1981-09-09 |
| DE3167535D1 (en) | 1985-01-17 |
| DE3008266A1 (en) | 1981-09-17 |
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