EP0033888A2 - Avertisseur d'incendie à chambre d'ionisation avec signalisation de mauvais fonctionnement - Google Patents

Avertisseur d'incendie à chambre d'ionisation avec signalisation de mauvais fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0033888A2
EP0033888A2 EP81100552A EP81100552A EP0033888A2 EP 0033888 A2 EP0033888 A2 EP 0033888A2 EP 81100552 A EP81100552 A EP 81100552A EP 81100552 A EP81100552 A EP 81100552A EP 0033888 A2 EP0033888 A2 EP 0033888A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
supply voltage
effect transistor
measuring chamber
circuit
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Application number
EP81100552A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0033888B2 (fr
EP0033888B1 (fr
EP0033888A3 (en
Inventor
Hartwig Beyersdorf
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81100552T priority Critical patent/ATE11346T1/de
Publication of EP0033888A2 publication Critical patent/EP0033888A2/fr
Publication of EP0033888A3 publication Critical patent/EP0033888A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0033888B1 publication Critical patent/EP0033888B1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire alarm device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a fire alarm device is known (DE-OS 20 29 794).
  • the fault alarm circuit and the smoke alarm circuit each have a field effect transistor connected with its control electrode to the connection point of the chambers on the input side, and the source electrodes of these field effect transistors are connected to a voltage divider common to them or to a voltage divider in such a way that the potential of this source electrode in the undisturbed idle state is approximately the same equals the potential of the connection point of the chambers.
  • the field effect transistors are of the non-conductive type, so that both are non-conductive in the undisturbed idle state.
  • the field effect transistors are of the opposite conductivity type, so that when the voltage across the measuring chamber increases as a result of smoke entering the field effect transistor of the smoke alarm circuit and when the voltage across the measuring chamber decreases as a result of lack of insulation, the field effect transistor of the fault alarm circuit becomes conductive when the control voltage, namely the Potential difference between the connection point of the chambers and the respective tap of the voltage divider, the threshold voltage ( P inch-off voltage) of the respective field effect transistor exceeds.
  • the invention is based, to monitor the functionality of the ionization fire detectors even more extensively in a fire detection device of the type mentioned.
  • a fire alarm device of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the fault alarm circuit and / or the smoke alarm circuit respond not only to a deterioration in the insulation of the measuring chamber or the entry of smoke into the measuring chamber, but also to such potential changes in the connection point of the chambers that result from other causes of the fault, for example to an impermissible reduction in the DC supply voltage or to one Increase in the internal resistance of the measuring chamber, which is due to contamination of the radioactive radiator ionizing the chamber.
  • This enables even more extensive monitoring of the parameters influencing the functional reliability of the ionization fire detectors.
  • a drop in the DC supply voltage feeding the ionization fire detector can be due, for example, to the fact that the detector is relatively far from a control center supplying the line with constant line voltage is arranged and that the line voltage drops along the line to the fire detector concerned, or that when the battery is fed by means of a battery provided as a DC voltage source or by means of a buffer battery that is effective in the event of a power failure, the battery voltage drops as a result of exhaustion, or that a to keep the fire constant
  • the DC supply voltage provided controller fails.
  • the fire alarm device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a center Z and a line L connected to it with line conductors 10, 12.
  • the line L is fed by a mains-powered, possibly battery-buffered DC voltage source 14 with a line voltage, the nominal value of which in the exemplary embodiment Is 20 V.
  • a controller 16 is provided which, depending on a setpoint / actual value comparison, effects a gate control of the thyristors provided in the DC voltage source 14.
  • the nominal value corresponding to the nominal value of the line voltage can be set on a potentiometer 18 and is transmitted to the controller 16 via a Test switch 20 supplied.
  • the controller 16 can be given a further setpoint that can be set on a potentiometer 22 instead of the specified setpoint and corresponds to a higher DC voltage of 24 V in the exemplary embodiment than the nominal value of the line voltage.
  • a current measuring resistor 24 is slotted into the central line in the line conductor 12, at which a voltage proportional to the line current drops, with which an evaluation circuit 26 is applied. If the line current deviates from the idle state, depending on the amount of the deviation, it generates a signal S which indicates the presence of a fault alarm signal or a signal R which indicates the presence of a smoke alarm signal.
  • the evaluation circuit 26 takes into account the respective setpoint value of the controller 16 in such a way that when the higher desired value set on the potentiometer 22 is specified, the input voltage generated by the measuring resistor 24 is correspondingly reduced in order to compensate for such current increases which result solely from the switchover from the nominal value of the line voltage to the increased direct voltage.
  • An ionization fire detector M is connected to the line conductors 10, 12 with its connections 28, 30. Further fire detectors of the same design are connected in parallel to the line conductors 10, 12 and are not shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the basic circuit structure of the ionization fire detector M is shown in FIG. 1, circuit details are shown in FIG. 2.
  • the ionization fire detector M comprises a measuring chamber MK with an outer electrode 32 permeable to the ambient air and a central electrode 34 as well as one Reference chamber RK with an electrode 36, which is electrically connected to the central electrode 34 at the connection point 38, and an electrode 40 located at the connection 28.
  • the series connection of the chambers MK, RK is therefore due to the DC supply voltage of the ionization fire detector M formed by the line voltage.
  • the reference chamber RK is much more sealed than the measuring chamber MK against the ambient air. Both chambers MK, RK are ionized by radioactive emitters 42 and 44 (FIG. 2).
  • connection point 38 an ionization current flows through both chambers MK, RK in the undisturbed quiescent state, and a quiescent potential of 10 V is established at connection point 38. If smoke enters the measuring chamber MK, its internal resistance increases, and the potential of the connection point 38 shifts towards the potential of the connection 28, as a result of which a smoke alarm signal can be generated in a known manner. Contamination of the insulation distances between the A ußenelektrode 32 and the center electrode 34 of the measuring chamber MK other hand, leads to a decrease of their internal resistance, whereby the potential of the connection point 38 to that of the terminal 30 approaches, which can be used in known manner for generating a fault alarm signal.
  • a malfunction alarm circuit which consists of a threshold amplifier 46 and an alarm transmitter 50 connected downstream thereof via an OR gate 48.
  • the threshold switch 46 not only generates a reduction in the insulation resistance of the measuring chamber MK, but also when the DC supply voltage of the ionization fire detector M drops from the nominal value of this DC supply voltage and one falls below the predetermined threshold, since the threshold amplifier 46 is designed to be approximately independent of the voltage with respect to the threshold voltage required for its response, measured between the input at the connection point 38 and a connection 28 or 30 of the DC supply voltage, compared to the DC supply voltage.
  • the output signal possibly output by the threshold amplifier 46 causes the alarm signal generator 50 located between the connections 28, 30 to switch a current path reduced, predetermined resistance value between the connections 28, 30, whereby a line current increase which can be detected by the evaluation circuit 26 is generated and which is used to output the Signal S in the center Z leads.
  • the smoke alarm circuit comprises a further threshold amplifier 62, which is connected on the input side to the connection point 38, an AND gate 64 connected downstream of the threshold amplifier 62 with an input, and an alarm signal transmitter 66 connected downstream thereof -Threshold voltage of the threshold amplifier 62, it outputs an output signal, and since in this case the inverting input of the AND gate 64 is supplied with an L-level signal, its AND condition is fulfilled, so that it is the alarm signal generator 66 emits a starting signal.
  • the latter acts in a similar way to the alarm signal generator 50, but produces a different line current increase compared to it, so that the signal R can be generated by means of the monitoring circuit 26.
  • the ionization fire detector M becomes a in the manner already explained compared to the nominal value of the DC supply voltage, a higher DC voltage of approximately 24 V is supplied; in the case of detectors installed on the line L far from the control center Z, the increased DC voltage can be somewhat reduced to the same extent as the line voltage due to voltage drops along the line L compared to the value mentioned.
  • the threshold amplifier 62 is largely insensitive to the supply voltage and therefore detects a shift in the potential at the connection point 38 as a result of the increase in voltage to the increased DC voltage, the increased DC voltage and the threshold voltage of the threshold amplifier 62 are selected such that the voltage increase does not increase a response of the threshold amplifier 62 leads.
  • this output signal is not intended to generate a smoke alarm signal in the central station Z. speaking signal R lead.
  • the forwarding of the smoke alarm signal possibly generated by the smoke alarm circuit to the evaluation circuit 26 is suppressed, depending on the switchover to the higher DC voltage, and instead the smoke alarm signal is transmitted to the evaluation circuit 26 as a fault alarm signal .
  • the ionization fire detector M has a voltage level detector 68, for example a zener diode, which emits an output signal when the voltage supplying it between the connections 28, 30 has a nominal value (20 V) of the DC supply voltage by a predetermined value Dimension exceeds, for example if the voltage between the terminals 28, 30 exceeds 21 V.
  • the output signal of the H level which is then output by the voltage level detector 68 is fed to the inverting input of the AND gate 64, as a result of which the transmission of the output signal of the threshold value amplifier 62 to the alarm signal generator 66 is blocked.
  • the inputs of a further AND gate 70 are connected to the outputs of the threshold value amplifier 62 and the voltage level detector 68, the AND condition of which is fulfilled in the case under consideration and which thus generates an output signal. This is fed to the alarm signal generator 50 via a further input of the OR gate 48, so that the latter transmits a fault alarm signal to the control center Z, on the basis of which the signal S can be generated.
  • the cheaper solution essentially depends on the number of ionization fire detectors that are connected to the control center Z in the fire detection device.
  • the solution described on the basis of the exemplary embodiment has the advantage that the fire detectors connected to line L can be equipped with mutually different alarm signal transmitters, whose different fault and smoke alarm signals can be distinguished in the control center Z, for example on the basis of different frequencies.
  • the threshold amplifier 46 of the fault alarm circuit 46, 48, 50 (FIG. 1) has on the input side a self-blocking p-channel field-effect transistor 72 connected with its control electrode to the connection point 38, the drain electrode of which via a load resistor 74 to that connection 28 of the ionization fire detector M is connected to which the reference chamber RK is located.
  • the source electrode of the field effect transistor 72 is connected to a voltage divider 76, 78 connected to the DC supply voltage.
  • the partial resistor 78 of the voltage divider 76, 78 which forms a series circuit lying parallel to the measuring chamber MK with the control path (control electrode-source electrode path) of the field effect transistor 72 has a resistance value which is several times lower than the rest of the partial resistance 76 of the voltage divider 76, 78, so that when the DC supply voltage has its nominal value and the ionization fire detector M is in the undisturbed idle state is located, the voltage drop across the partial resistor 78 is smaller in magnitude than the voltage drop across the measuring chamber MK, or in other words, the potential of the source electrode of the field effect transistor 72 is shifted from the potential of the connection point 38 to the potential of the terminal 30 at which the measuring chamber MK lies.
  • This potential shift, ie the control voltage of the field effect transistor 72, is greater than its threshold voltage.
  • the field effect transistor 72 therefore conducts in the undisturbed idle state.
  • To the drain electrode of the field effect transistor 72 is connected the base of a bipolar transistor 80 which is also conductive in this state and which is connected in series with a load resistor 82 between the terminals 28, 30, and to the collector of the transistor 80 is the base of a further bipolar transistor 84 connected, which is also in series with its load resistor 86 between the connections 28, 30, but which is non-conductive in the undisturbed idle state.
  • connection point between the transistor 84 and its load resistor 86 forms the output 88 of the threshold amplifier 46, so that the signal level generated in the u n - disturbed idle state and accordingly in the non-addressed state of the threshold amplifier 46 as the output signal has the potential of the terminal 30, while the im Signal state generated signal level approximately corresponds to the potential of the terminal 28.
  • the potential of the connection point 38 approaches that of the connection 30 and thus also that of the source electrode of the field effect transistor 72, until the control voltage of the field effect transistor 72 is below when the insulation resistance falls below a predetermined threshold value its threshold voltage (Pinch-off voltage) drops, as a result of which the field effect transistor 72 and the transistor 80 become non-conductive, the transistor 84 becomes conductive and a signal which indicates the addressed state of the threshold value amplifier 46 appears at the output.
  • the voltage at the measuring chamber MK also drops approximately proportionally, i.e. the voltage of 10 V in the exemplary embodiment in the idle state is now only approximately 8 V. It should be further assumed that in the undisturbed state of rest due to the dimensioning of the voltage divider 76, 78 and the load resistor 74, the voltage drop across the partial resistor 78 had an amount of 3 V, while the threshold voltage of the field effect transistor 72 is 6 V, so that the control voltage of the field effect transistor 72 by 1 V was above the threshold voltage.
  • the voltage drop across the partial resistor 78 Due to the voltage drop of 20%, the voltage drop across the partial resistor 78 is also reduced, but because of the low resistance value of the partial resistor 78 by only a small absolute amount. Therefore, the sum of the voltage drop across the partial resistor 78 and the threshold voltage of the field effect transistor 72, ie the input threshold voltage of the threshold amplifier 46, remains approximately constant even when the DC supply voltage is reduced. The result is that the voltage at the measuring chamber MK (originally 10 V, now 8 V) falls below the input threshold voltage (originally 9 V, now more than 8 V), that the field effect transistor 72 becomes non-conductive and that the threshold amplifier 46 in generates an output signal in the same way as occurs when the insulation resistance of the measuring chamber MK decreases.
  • the load resistor 74 must have a resistance value that is several times higher than the partial resistor 78. Since the input threshold voltage is composed of the sum of the voltage dropping across the partial resistor 78 and the threshold voltage of the field effect transistor 72 and the former is variable as a function of the supply voltage, while the latter is constant, the aim should be to give the field effect transistor 72 a relatively high threshold voltage. In practice, this can be between 15% and 50% of the DC supply voltage.
  • the use of a field effect transistor 72 has proven to be particularly expedient, the threshold voltage of which is approximately 30% of the DC supply voltage.
  • the threshold amplifier 62 of the smoke alarm circuit 62, 64, 66 (FIG. 1) in turn has, on the input side, a self-blocking p-channel field effect transistor 90 connected with its control electrode to the connection point 38 of the chambers MK, RK.
  • Whose drain electrode is connected via a load resistor formed by partial resistors 92, 94 to that terminal 28 at which the reference chamber is located, while its source electrode is connected to a voltage divider formed by partial resistors 96, 98.
  • the resistance values of the partial resistors 96, 98 are of the same order of magnitude, so that in the undisturbed idle state the source electrode of the field effect transistor 90 is at an approximately the same potential as the potential of the connection point 38, but is expediently shifted somewhat from the potential of the connection point 38 to the potential of the connection 30 Potential, and the Field effect transistor 90 is non-conductive.
  • the potential of the source electrode of the field effect transistor 90 is therefore closer to that of the connection 28 than the potential of the source electrode of the field effect transistor 72 in the undisturbed idle state.
  • the output 106 of the threshold amplifier 62 is connected between the collector of the transistor 102 and its load resistor 104, so that the output signal, like that of the threshold amplifier 46, has the potential of the terminal 30 in the undisturbed idle state.
  • this threshold voltage must meet the additional condition that it is chosen so large that it is due to the switchover to the higher DC voltage on the control path
  • the voltage of the field effect transistor 90 only exceeds the threshold voltage if the measuring chamber has an increased internal resistance compared to the undisturbed idle state due to the contamination of the radiator 42 ionizing it.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
EP81100552A 1980-02-08 1981-01-26 Avertisseur d'incendie à chambre d'ionisation avec signalisation de mauvais fonctionnement Expired - Lifetime EP0033888B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81100552T ATE11346T1 (de) 1980-02-08 1981-01-26 Ionisations-brandmeldevorrichtung mit stoerungssignalisierung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3004753 1980-02-08
DE3004753A DE3004753C2 (de) 1980-02-08 1980-02-08 Brandmeldeeinrichtung

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0033888A2 true EP0033888A2 (fr) 1981-08-19
EP0033888A3 EP0033888A3 (en) 1982-11-03
EP0033888B1 EP0033888B1 (fr) 1985-01-16
EP0033888B2 EP0033888B2 (fr) 1991-02-06

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ID=6094144

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EP81100552A Expired - Lifetime EP0033888B2 (fr) 1980-02-08 1981-01-26 Avertisseur d'incendie à chambre d'ionisation avec signalisation de mauvais fonctionnement

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EP (1) EP0033888B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE11346T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3004753C2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2475768A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3904979A1 (de) * 1989-02-18 1990-08-23 Beyersdorf Hartwig Verfahren zum betrieb eines ionisationsrauchmelders und ionisationsrauchmelder
US5189399A (en) * 1989-02-18 1993-02-23 Hartwig Beyersdorf Method of operating an ionization smoke alarm and ionization smoke alarm
CN106741986A (zh) * 2016-12-21 2017-05-31 太原航空仪表有限公司 具有驱动功能的振杆器

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114325383B (zh) * 2021-12-20 2024-07-02 中国人民解放军总参谋部第六十研究所 一种无人直升机用无刷电机绕组故障检测系统及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3795904A (en) * 1970-05-16 1974-03-05 Preussag Ag Feuerschutz Fire alarm with ionization chamber
DE2604673A1 (de) * 1974-01-07 1976-08-26 Pittway Corp Feuerdetektor
US4138664A (en) * 1976-12-14 1979-02-06 Pittway Corporation Warning device
GB2013383A (en) * 1978-01-26 1979-08-08 Pittway Corp Warning devices

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH497755A (de) * 1969-06-24 1970-10-15 Cerberus Ag Ionisationsfeuermelder
CH586941A5 (fr) * 1975-07-25 1977-04-15 Cerberus Ag

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3795904A (en) * 1970-05-16 1974-03-05 Preussag Ag Feuerschutz Fire alarm with ionization chamber
DE2604673A1 (de) * 1974-01-07 1976-08-26 Pittway Corp Feuerdetektor
US4138664A (en) * 1976-12-14 1979-02-06 Pittway Corporation Warning device
GB2013383A (en) * 1978-01-26 1979-08-08 Pittway Corp Warning devices

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELECTRONIQUE & APPLICATIONS INDUSTRIELLES, Nr. 255, 15. Juni 1978, Seiten 67-68, Paris, FR. *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3904979A1 (de) * 1989-02-18 1990-08-23 Beyersdorf Hartwig Verfahren zum betrieb eines ionisationsrauchmelders und ionisationsrauchmelder
DE3904979C2 (fr) * 1989-02-18 1992-01-09 Hartwig Dipl.-Ing. 2400 Luebeck De Beyersdorf
US5189399A (en) * 1989-02-18 1993-02-23 Hartwig Beyersdorf Method of operating an ionization smoke alarm and ionization smoke alarm
CN106741986A (zh) * 2016-12-21 2017-05-31 太原航空仪表有限公司 具有驱动功能的振杆器
CN106741986B (zh) * 2016-12-21 2023-08-29 太原航空仪表有限公司 具有驱动功能的振杆器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2475768A1 (fr) 1981-08-14
ATE11346T1 (de) 1985-02-15
EP0033888B2 (fr) 1991-02-06
DE3004753A1 (de) 1981-08-27
EP0033888B1 (fr) 1985-01-16
EP0033888A3 (en) 1982-11-03
DE3004753C2 (de) 1983-12-22
DE3168215D1 (en) 1985-02-28
FR2475768B1 (fr) 1983-09-23

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