EP0384209A2 - Procédé pour l'opération d'un détecteur de fumée à ionisation et détecteur de fumée à ionisation - Google Patents

Procédé pour l'opération d'un détecteur de fumée à ionisation et détecteur de fumée à ionisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0384209A2
EP0384209A2 EP90102292A EP90102292A EP0384209A2 EP 0384209 A2 EP0384209 A2 EP 0384209A2 EP 90102292 A EP90102292 A EP 90102292A EP 90102292 A EP90102292 A EP 90102292A EP 0384209 A2 EP0384209 A2 EP 0384209A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
potential
field strength
measuring
smoke
electrode
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Granted
Application number
EP90102292A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0384209A3 (fr
EP0384209B1 (fr
Inventor
Hartwig Dipl.-Ing. Beyersdorf
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/002—Generating a prealarm to the central station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an ionization smoke detector according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a fire alarm system normally consists of a large number of fire alarms that are connected in groups to a fire alarm control panel via power supply and signal lines.
  • the evaluation of the analog signals requires an assigned unique identification signal for each detector and its respective measured value.
  • a very high-quality detector identification word each consisting of a signal sequence and an identification data word containing the associated analog value, are imperative, as is a high-quality cable network for secure transmission to the control center, which is often far away from the detectors (EP 0 121 048 or EP 0 070 449) .
  • a relatively high level of complexity is required for the data processing of the many signal sequences (EP 0 067 339).
  • the radioactive element is predominantly contaminated, for example due to dust deposits, there is a reduction in the measuring chamber current due to a reduction in the kinetic energy or the ionization ability of the radioactive radiation; the Ionization smoke detectors become more sensitive to smoke. If the radioactive element continues to become soiled unnoticed, a false alarm will occur if appropriate measures are not taken.
  • DE-OS 21 21 382 also suggests evaluating only changes in the measuring chamber current that extend over longer periods of time in order to distinguish whether smoke or, for example, dirt is the cause of a change in the chamber current. Extremely slow changes in the current affect dirt The latter also suggests the installation of a radiation detector with which the radioactivity is measured directly in order to be able to immediately detect changes in the ionization power. The installation of auxiliary electrodes is also described in the same document in order to be able to more clearly identify or compensate for an increase in the insulation leakage current.
  • Fire detectors that suppress an alarm in the event of a relatively slow change in the measuring chamber current harbor the risk that they will slowly detect smoldering fires very late or not at all.
  • a very strong short-term contamination or, for example, condensation on the radioactive emitters cannot be distinguished with the aid of these methods from a current change in the measuring chamber caused by a rapid rise in smoke.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating an ionization smoke detector with which it can be reliably detected whether the change in the measuring chamber current is caused on the one hand by the entry of smoke aerosols or on the other hand by pollution or other impairment of the radioactive source.
  • the measuring chamber current assumes different values when the field strength changes, depending on whether a current reduction is due, for example, to contamination and thus partial coverage of the radioactive element or the entry of smoke aerosols. Regardless of the degree of contamination, there will be a measuring chamber behave differently when the voltage drop changes due to the increase or decrease in the applied supply voltage than if there are smoke aerosols floating in the measuring chamber.
  • the attachment law by Schweitler (DE-AS 12 53 277), the relative change in the ion concentration depends on the residence time of the ions in a volume element under consideration. However, the ion residence time depends on the electric field strength.
  • the relative change in the measuring chamber current is always smaller with the same smoke density.
  • lower field strengths for example of a few V / cm
  • the cause is the ability of the form to attach to aerosols, which decreases with increasing field strength.
  • a defined change in the field strength is carried out when a predetermined change in the measuring chamber current is achieved. If smoke aerosols are the cause of the triggering of the change in field strength, the new (changed) chamber flow corresponding to the Accumulation Act will set in. If, for example, the field strength has been increased significantly, it is no longer optimal for the ion attachment, and a correspondingly lower value for the chamber current will result.
  • the method according to the invention also allows a change in the field strength at certain time intervals in order to be able to detect even a small amount of contamination and, if necessary, to initiate a corresponding correction of the sensitivity to smoke.
  • the method can be used both in analog ionization smoke detectors and in those that operate as threshold detectors. In this way, the field strength switchover and the evaluation can only be triggered after one or more changes of the chamber current of different strengths have been reached. Depending on the severity of the detected contamination, either a correction of the alarm threshold in the case of low contamination or a maintenance request from a certain degree of contamination can then be triggered or the failure of the fire detector can also be signaled in the case of heavy contamination.
  • smoke densities of different strengths can also be detected in order to trigger corresponding pre-warning and alarm messages. However, the detection of smoke densities of different strengths is also known in the prior art.
  • the characteristic curve in the measuring chamber (chamber current in relation to the chamber voltage) is (at least point) known.
  • reference can be made, for example, to a potential value that the measuring chamber has when new.
  • the reference values can be derived directly, for example, by measuring the new ionization chamber or from its data.
  • the measurement of the potential with only a second field strength may be sufficient to make a statement as to whether the measured potential change is due to the presence of smoke aerosols or due to dirt deposits on the radio active radiator.
  • the potentials are preferably measured on the measuring electrode for at least one field strength above and at least one field strength below the first field strength (operating field strength) in order to be able to carry out a reliable evaluation.
  • the test of an ionization smoke detector for contamination can be initiated, for example, when a decrease in chamber current and thus an increase in potential has taken place.
  • the test can be carried out according to a fixed time program, which is particularly advantageous if, as in analog systems, the data is not evaluated in the individual smoke detectors, but in a control center.
  • one possibility of carrying out a measurement at a different field strength is to assign a switching device to the test circuit which changes the field strength in the measuring chamber by applying different supply voltages.
  • a switching device to assign a switching device to the test circuit which changes the field strength in the measuring chamber by applying different supply voltages.
  • at least two different field strength ranges are continuously formed in the measuring chamber due to a specific structure.
  • the measuring chamber contains at least two pairs of electrodes which are connected to the bottom different voltages are connected and the measuring electrodes of both pairs of electrodes are connected to the test circuits.
  • the measuring chamber can have at least two separate measuring electrodes connected to the test circuit and a common counter electrode.
  • the counter electrode has two electrode sections assigned to the measuring electrodes, the distances between which are different from the assigned measuring electrodes.
  • a voltage difference corresponding to the field strength can also be determined in the area working with the higher voltage when exposed to smoke aerosols. If, on the other hand, a deposit of dirt on the radioactive element is the cause of the change in potential in one chamber area, a change in voltage will accordingly clearly occur in the other area. Any deviations in the latter construction depend primarily on the design of the transition areas of the measuring chamber, in particular the field strength acting there.
  • FIG. 1 shows characteristic curves of a chamber arrangement of an ionization smoke detector in which an ionization measuring chamber which is freely accessible to the ambient air and a closed ionization reference chamber, which each have a radioactive element, are connected in series.
  • the chamber voltage UK is plotted on the abscissa and the chamber current IK is plotted on the ordinate.
  • the characteristic lines with a solid line represent the characteristic curve of the measuring chamber when new MK (new) and in the presence of smoke MK (smoke) of a predetermined constant density.
  • the dash-dotted characteristic curves RK show the characteristic curve of the reference chamber.
  • the dashed characteristic curve MK (dirty) represents a characteristic curve if the radioactive element in the measuring chamber is significantly contaminated.
  • a voltage potential corresponding to intersection point C is established at the common measuring electrode. If a potential shift is detected on the measuring electrode during operation, for example around the span voltage difference X, an intersection point D is reached.
  • the chamber voltage is now changed to build up a different field strength, for example by switching down to the voltage value U P1 .
  • the working point A would be set at the measuring electrode.
  • the reduced characteristic MK smoke was the cause of the potential change X
  • the reduced characteristic MK smoke was the cause of the potential change X
  • the reduced characteristic MK smoke was the cause of the potential change X
  • the reduced characteristic MK smoke was the cause of the potential change X
  • the reduced characteristic MK smoke was the cause of the potential change X
  • the reduced characteristic MK smoke was the cause of the potential change X
  • the reduced characteristic MK smoke was the cause of the potential change X
  • the measuring chamber characteristic MK dirt on the radioactive element was the cause of the potential change X
  • the measuring chamber characteristic MK dirt on the radioactive element comes into play,
  • the chamber voltage when the chamber voltage is reduced to smaller evaluable potential differences compared to the nominal voltage, it can already be discriminated whether smoke or dirt was the cause of the lowering of the potential at the nominal voltage.
  • the chamber voltage When the chamber voltage is increased, there are not only higher potential differences under the characteristic curves and intersection curves selected here, but also significant differences with regard to the cause of the chamber current decrease or potential change. It can also be seen that at low chamber voltage the ratio of the potential differences a 1 to b 1 is greater than 1. In contrast, at a test voltage higher than the normal voltage, the ratio of the potential differences a2 to b2 is less than 1. If an average normal chamber voltage is assumed, dirt deposits with a lower test voltage have less of an effect than smoke.
  • FIG. 2 The diagram of FIG. 2 is largely the same as that of FIG. 1, but it shows a more detailed evaluation option using the method according to the invention.
  • the solid lines MK (new) and MK (smoke) as well as the dashed line MK (dirty) correspond to those in FIG. 1.
  • An additional characteristic characterizes the measuring chamber at MK (little smoke) with a given, identical smoke density during the measurement.
  • An additional characteristic curve MK little dirt characterizes the measuring chamber with less dirt deposition on the radioactive element.
  • the course of the reference chamber characteristics is identical to that of FIG. 1.
  • the potential difference y results at the measuring electrode. This can be a reason to switch to the higher test voltage U P2 . Is smoke the cause of the potential change? y has been, the measuring electrode voltage will shift from the intersection point L to the intersection point P, which causes a change in potential d at the measuring electrode. If, on the other hand, the accumulation of dirt was the cause, the measuring chamber characteristic curve follows the described course MK (little dirt). Starting from the point of intersection at U N reached after the occurrence of the potential difference y, the potential shifts from the measuring electrode at the test voltage U P2 to the point of intersection R. The potential difference from the points L to R now reaches the larger value f instead of the difference d when exposed to smoke due to dirt. The potential difference d can serve as a prewarning for low smoke, and if the potential difference f occurs, this can be interpreted as an indication that the ionization detector needs to be cleaned.
  • the chamber voltage can be switched back to its nominal value U N.
  • the potential difference at the measuring electrode becomes larger during operation and reaches the value x, for example, then a switchover to the higher test voltage U P2 takes place again.
  • the potential difference a2 for an alarm evaluation or the potential difference b2 for dirt accumulation put. b2 indicates heavy soiling of the detector and, if the degree of soiling is very high, can be used as an indication of a smoke detector that is no longer fully functional.
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 is based on a chamber arrangement in which the ionization reference chamber is replaced by an ohmic resistor.
  • the straight line of resistance passing through point U N intersects the new measuring chamber line at point U. If a potential difference z is reached by changing the chamber current, a switchover to the low chamber voltage U P1 takes place . In the event of smoke, the intersection point P with the characteristic curve MK (smoke) results. The potential difference m 1 is reached. In the event of contamination, the measuring chamber characteristic curve takes the dashed MK (dirty) curve.
  • the straight line at U P1 intersects the dashed curve of the measuring chamber at point Q. The potential difference now assumes the value r 1.
  • a targeted characteristic curve can also be set with the aid of a combination of resistors and, if applicable, a reference chamber, in order to obtain potential differences with which either smoke or dirt is preferably evaluated.
  • the evaluation of whether there is smoke in the detector or whether it is contaminated can be carried out in the Detectors themselves or at a central location. If the evaluation is carried out at a central point, it can be advantageous to also change the chamber voltage for a change in the electric field strength from a central point, for example by changing the supply voltage line by line. However, if you choose a version in which the ionization chambers and the circuit design are housed in a common housing, it is expedient to carry out the test procedure with each detector depending on its respective measuring chamber state.
  • the electronic switching circuit of the detector contains the necessary switching options and the necessary evaluation and signal modules.
  • the method described above has the advantage that it can be carried out with conventionally designed ionization chambers. On the other hand, it depends in a lot For example, to report a rapidly developing fire in a short time is to be preferred to the arrangement described below.
  • FIG. 4 shows an ionization chamber arrangement 10 which consists of a measuring chamber 11 and a reference chamber 12.
  • the reference chamber 12 has a reference chamber electrode 13, and the measuring chamber 11 has an outer measuring chamber electrode 14.
  • Both chambers 11, 12 have an outer measuring electrode 15 in common and an inner measuring electrode 16, which are separated from one another by suitable insulation 17.
  • Radioactive emitters are arranged on both sides of the inner measuring electrode, the arrows in the chambers 11 and 12 indicating the range of the radioactive rays.
  • the electrodes 13, 15 and 16 are flat.
  • the outer electrode 14, on the other hand, has a stepped cup-shaped design with a central section 18 and a section 19 running around it in an annular manner, which sections are connected to one another by a substantially axial annular wall section 20.
  • the central measuring electrode 16 acts largely with the central section 18 of the outer electrode 14 together and the outer measuring electrode 15 substantially with the outer annular portion 19 of the outer electrode 14.
  • the transition field strength regions not being included.
  • a supply voltage of 12 volts is applied to the outer electrode 14 and the reference chamber electrode 13.
  • the field strength in the central region is lower than in the outer region, since the outer electrode 14 or the section 19 is at a smaller distance from the outer measuring electrode 15 than the middle section 18 from the inner measuring electrode 16.
  • Such a chamber arrangement has the advantage that time delays after switching to one or more different field strengths due to the respective transient processes can be avoided.
  • the chamber arrangement 15 shown in FIG. 5 is essentially the same as that of FIG. 4.
  • a measuring chamber 26 and a reference chamber 27 are kept radially at a distance by an outer measuring electrode 28 and an inner measuring electrode 29, which are separated from one another by insulation 30 .
  • the inner measuring electrode 29 has a radioactive emitter on both sides, the arrows shown reflecting the range of the radiation.
  • the reference chamber 27 has a reference chamber electrode 31, and the measuring chamber 26 has an outer electrode which is formed by an inner partial electrode 32 and an outer partial electrode 33, which are insulated from one another by an annular insulation 34.
  • the inner partial electrode 32 is also the same as the measuring electrode electrodes 28, 29 and the reference chamber electrode 31.
  • a part of the outer partial electrode 33 is also flat, followed by a cylindrical section which closes the chamber 26.
  • a different voltage is now applied to the central partial electrode 32 than to the outer partial electrode 33, which results in two areas of different field strength in the measuring chamber 26 - again the transition areas are not included.
  • the middle measuring electrode 29 is essentially assigned to the middle partial electrode 32, while the annular outer measuring electrode 28 is assigned to the annular partial electrode 33.
  • the supply voltage can be U N and the other U P2 .
  • a voltage difference corresponding to the field strength can also be determined in the area working with the higher voltage U P1 when exposed to smoke aerosols. If, on the other hand, a deposit of dirt on the radioactive element is the cause of the change in potential in one chamber area, a change in voltage will accordingly clearly occur in the other area.
  • the inner and outer measuring electrodes are at the same electrical potential when they are new at the normal operating voltage. This can be achieved by appropriate geometric dimensioning of the measuring chamber areas operated with different field strengths, e.g. through the choice of coordinated measuring electrode surfaces, chamber volumes and also through the number of ion pairs formed in each case by the radioactive radiation in the two measuring chamber subareas. If different potentials occur at the two measuring electrodes during operation due to the effects of smoke or dirt, the electrical field image changes accordingly. In particular in the area around the electrical insulation between partial measuring electrodes, the flow of equalizing currents is promoted. These compensating currents lead to a reduction in the potential differences and must be taken into account when determining the measuring thresholds.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a conventional ionization chamber arrangement 40, consisting of a measuring chamber 41 and a reference chamber 42 connected in series therewith, the common inner electrode or measuring electrode 43 being a radioactive radiator on both sides wearing.
  • the chamber arrangement 40 is normally connected to the normal operating voltage U N (block 45) or a test voltage U P (block 46a) via a switch 44.
  • a comparator 47 is connected to the measuring electrode 43 via an electronic circuit 46, which preferably contains a field effect transistor.
  • Four threshold levels are provided in the comparator 47, namely alarm threshold value 48, dirt threshold value 49, prewarning threshold value 50 and test threshold value 51.
  • a control and evaluation logic 52 is connected to the output of the comparator 47, from which an output to a prewarning signal stage 53 for smoke, one to one Pollution signal level 54 and one goes to an alarm signal level 55.
  • the circuit shown works as follows. During the normal operating voltage U N , only low field strengths of a few volts / cm are effective for the ion transport in the chambers 41 and 42.
  • the potential arising at the measuring electrode 43 is fed to the comparator 47. If the potential reaches the test threshold 51, for example potential O in FIG. 2, the control and evaluation logic is actuated accordingly.
  • the switch 44 is actuated via this switch and switches to a higher test voltage U P2 (46a). This occurs during the test time at the higher voltage or the higher electrical field strengthen a potential R, the comparator responds with its dirt threshold value, and a pollution signal is triggered in stage 54 via the control and evaluation logic.
  • the prewarning threshold 50 is reached via comparator 47 and, with the aid of the control and evaluation logic 52, a prewarning signal is emitted via stage 53, which indicates that the smoke density is low.
  • the control and evaluation logic of the detector 40 is left in this state in order to immediately trigger an alarm in the event of a further increase in smoke after the alarm threshold 48 has been reached (alarm signal level 54). If, however, the alarm threshold is not reached within a predetermined time or the potential P is undershot again (in the direction of normal value L), the detector is switched back to its normal monitoring state with the supply voltage U N. However, if the test threshold potential O is reached again, a new test cycle is triggered.
  • the functional sequence of the control and evaluation logic 52 is shown in more detail in FIG. 7.
  • a memory 60 is set and a control signal is sent to the switch for switching the voltage (line 61).
  • a delay element T v1 comes into action, which is connected to the dirt threshold 49 via the line 62. If, after the delay time has elapsed, the signal corresponding to the contamination (potential R in FIG. 2) is present, a signal from the memory 60 corresponding to the higher voltage U P2 is also present at the gate G1 as the second voltage, so that the signal indicates the contamination Output 64 driven and a contamination signal (stage 54; see also FIG.
  • a gate G2 receives a negated signal. Furthermore, a signal from memory 60 characterizing the higher operating voltage is also present at gate G2.
  • the gate G2 triggers a delay element T v2 , the time constant of which is greater than that of the delay element T v1 .
  • the observation time is started by a timer T v3 . If the alarm threshold at the higher test voltage is reached within the observation time, the conditions of a gate G3 are fulfilled. The alarm output 65 is triggered and thus the alarm signal is triggered (stage 55; see also FIG. 6).
  • each ionization fire detector it is not necessary for each ionization fire detector to be individually assigned complete control, evaluation and signal electronics as described above. At least part of said electronics can be located in the monitoring center in order to ver either in a predetermined order or after reaching predetermined chamber flow changes evaluation according to the driving method can be interconnected via lines with the respective detector to be checked.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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EP90102292A 1989-02-18 1990-02-06 Procédé pour l'opération d'un détecteur de fumée à ionisation et détecteur de fumée à ionisation Expired - Lifetime EP0384209B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3904979A DE3904979A1 (de) 1989-02-18 1989-02-18 Verfahren zum betrieb eines ionisationsrauchmelders und ionisationsrauchmelder
DE3904979 1989-02-18

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EP0384209A2 true EP0384209A2 (fr) 1990-08-29
EP0384209A3 EP0384209A3 (fr) 1991-05-08
EP0384209B1 EP0384209B1 (fr) 1993-12-15

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EP90102292A Expired - Lifetime EP0384209B1 (fr) 1989-02-18 1990-02-06 Procédé pour l'opération d'un détecteur de fumée à ionisation et détecteur de fumée à ionisation

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EP (1) EP0384209B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02251748A (fr)
AT (1) ATE98798T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2010105C (fr)
DE (2) DE3904979A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0384209T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2048332T3 (fr)

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EP0489232A1 (fr) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-10 Cerberus Ag Système de signalisation d'incendie avec surveillance
US5212470A (en) * 1989-09-15 1993-05-18 Cerberus Ltd. Supervised fire alarm system
WO2015114170A1 (fr) * 2014-02-03 2015-08-06 Finsecur Dispositif de détection d'incendie ou de fuite de gaz et système de sécurisation d'un local le comportant

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AU668573B2 (en) * 1992-11-26 1996-05-09 Secom Co., Ltd. Burglar-proofing system and theft proofing apparatus
DE59808963D1 (de) * 1997-10-21 2003-08-14 Siemens Ag Raumüberwachungssensor
JP4550320B2 (ja) * 2001-06-11 2010-09-22 理研計器株式会社 イオン化式ガス感知器
DE102015004458B4 (de) 2014-06-26 2016-05-12 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren für einen klassifizierenden, rauchkammerlosen Luftzustandssensor zur Prognostizierung eines folgenden Betriebszustands
DE102014019172B4 (de) 2014-12-17 2023-12-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem
DE102014019773B4 (de) 2014-12-17 2023-12-07 Elmos Semiconductor Se Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons

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DE2019791A1 (de) * 1969-04-25 1970-11-05 Nittan Co Ltd Ionisations-Rauchfuehler
FR2274982A1 (fr) * 1974-06-14 1976-01-09 Cerberus Ag Installation d'avertissement d'incendie
CH572644A5 (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-02-13 Cerberus Ag Ionisation chamber fire detector - with threshold cct. monitoring ionisation current connected to switch cct. for further chamber
FR2362454A1 (fr) * 1976-08-16 1978-03-17 Beyersdorf Hartwig Avertisseur d'incendie a ionisation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5212470A (en) * 1989-09-15 1993-05-18 Cerberus Ltd. Supervised fire alarm system
EP0489232A1 (fr) * 1990-12-04 1992-06-10 Cerberus Ag Système de signalisation d'incendie avec surveillance
US5243330A (en) * 1990-12-04 1993-09-07 Cerberus Ag Fire detector system and method
WO2015114170A1 (fr) * 2014-02-03 2015-08-06 Finsecur Dispositif de détection d'incendie ou de fuite de gaz et système de sécurisation d'un local le comportant

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JPH02251748A (ja) 1990-10-09
ES2048332T3 (es) 1994-03-16
DE3904979A1 (de) 1990-08-23
DE59003821D1 (de) 1994-01-27
EP0384209A3 (fr) 1991-05-08
CA2010105C (fr) 1996-11-12
ATE98798T1 (de) 1994-01-15
EP0384209B1 (fr) 1993-12-15
DE3904979C2 (fr) 1992-01-09
DK0384209T3 (da) 1994-02-14
CA2010105A1 (fr) 1990-08-18

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