EP0031171A2 - Method of constructing a building using insulating panels as shuttering - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A building panel of light-weight and insulating material, adapted to receive on each face a final sheating, which comprises tubular passages (10) parallel to one of the sides of the panel and in which tubes (11, 11a) made of cardboard plastics or similar are disposed, said tubes being adapted to be filled with concrete, characterized in that the tubular passages, provided with the lining tubes (11, 11a) are interconnected by transverse passages (14) extending throughout the panel width, in such a way that the panel (1) provided with said tubes (11, 11a) can be used as lot shuttering for building a concrete wall presenting a lightened quasi continuous structure.

Description

The subject of the invention is a construction panel of a light, slightly brittle material, capable of receiving a final coating, comprising empty passages which can be filled with suitable materials, the empty passages being formed in part by tubes parallel to each other in cardboard or plastic or the like.

The invention also relates to a building construction method by the implementation of this panel.

Many construction methods are known which use juxtaposed elements such as bricks, concrete blocks, slabs, beams, reinforced concrete or plasterboard panels, and elements serving as lost formwork. The latter, in general do not resist the vibration of concrete, and their transverse connections leave something to be desired.

These construction methods have many other drawbacks. The implementation is long and expensive. Brick or concrete block walls must be coated internally and externally, preferably with insulation. The walls constructed with reinforced concrete panels are lined with an interior wall in plasterboard with spacing filled with insulating material. This arrangement is contrary to all logic because, in winter, condensation occurs on the cold inside of the reinforced concrete panels, and the insulation rots. To comply with the laws of physics and avoid condensation, a concrete wall must be insulated on its outer face, but this is hardly achievable with the materials known to date.

By French patent No 1 495 245 PAXELLENT there is known a construction panel made up of juxtaposed tubular elements. These tubular elements can be filled with concrete to become load-bearing. The major drawback lies in the absence of transverse connections between the tubes, hence an insufficient rigidity of this panel perpendicular to the axis of the tubes, which limits its use.

In US Patent No. 4,038,798 SACHS the cardboard tubes are coated with synthetic foam, but the panel described has the same drawbacks as that of the previous patent for lack of transverse connections between the tubes.

The present invention aims to remedy the difficulties which have just been described, and to provide a panel which combines the qualities of lightness, good insulation, high mechanical resistance with the possibility of a very rapid construction process. The invention, as characterized by the claims, provides a panel comprising tubes parallel to each other provided with radial openings on the generators facing each other, so as to form transverse passages extending from both sides other across the full width of the panel. The invention also provides a method of building construction by juxtaposition of said panels used as lost formwork in which is introduced as necessary insulating materials and reinforced concrete or not, after cutting the doors and windows.

The use of tubes of cardboard, plastic or similar material to serve as lost formwork has the advantage of offering very great resistance during concreting and vibrating, the circle having the property of making the walls work by traction only; therefore these walls do not need to be very thick where reduction in the weight of the panels, the construction cost and ease of implementation.

The advantages obtained thanks to this invention are multiple and allow to quickly build, according to the technique of lost formwork, the basement walls in solid concrete, the storey walls with interposition of insulation on the outside, the walls separated Light concrete, plaster or any other material. The panels can directly receive the final coating, for example a rustic coating for the exterior and wallpaper for the interior. Cutting out doors and windows in solid walls before concreting greatly simplifies construction.

• La figure 1 représente, vu en élévation et en coupe partielle un premier mode d'exécution d'un panneau selon l'invention ;
• la figure 2 en est la vue en plan et la figure 3 la vue de profil.
• La figure 5 représente vu en élévation un mode de réunion des tubes entre eux, dans un deuxième mode d'exécution du panneau ;
• les figures 4 et 6 représentent les vues de profil des deux faces opposées de ce deuxième mode de réunion des tubes.
• La figure 7 montre une troisième variante du panneau construit tube à tube.
• La figure 8 montre vu en plan, le procédé de construction d'un bâtiment.

In what follows, the invention is explained in more detail with the help of drawings representing, by way of nonlimiting example, some embodiments and applications.

• Figure 1 shows, seen in elevation and in partial section a first embodiment of a panel according to the invention;
• Figure 2 is the plan view and Figure 3 the side view.
• 5 shows in elevation a mode of joining the tubes together, in a second embodiment of the panel;
• Figures 4 and 6 show the side views of the two opposite faces of this second mode of joining the tubes.
• Figure 7 shows a third variant of the panel constructed tube to tube.
• Figure 8 shows in plan view, the construction method of a building.

Figures 1 to 3 show, in the three orthogonal views, a panel 1 consisting of two blocks 2 and 3 of expanded polystyrene, providing between them parallel hollow cylinders 10 and transverse passages 14. The cylinders 10 are lined with cardboard tubes , plastic or similar material 11 in order to resist vibration of the concrete. The panels are assembled to each other by means of the grooves 12 and 13, which by their alternating male 12 and female 13, allow their fitting. Tongue and groove flat joint assemblies are also possible. The panel and the cardboard tubes have radial perforations 14 which extend right through the entire width of the panel.

The two blocks 2 and 3 can also be molded in one piece from synthetic foam. The radial perforations 14 pass right through the entire width of the panel, from one face to the other. For this purpose, the cardboard, plastic or similar material tubes 11 are perforated radially with the same diameter 14 and spacing as the molded block. The tubes are coated with glue and introduced into the block of expanded foam, making their perforations 14 coincide with those of the molded block.

In a second embodiment of this so-called tube-to-tube panel, the cardboard tubes 11a instead of being spaced apart, are joined and joined by their generatrices by means of windows 4 and bridges 5 which fit together the principle of the hinge, as shown in Figure 5. On a generator of the cardboard tube lla is cut a row of beams 4 leaving between them bridges 5 of height a substantially equal to the height of the single windows, while on the opposite generatrix the height b of the windows 6 is equal to approximately three times the height of the bridges, so that one single window in three constitutes a corresponding transverse passage 15 with the middle of the opposite window 6 of triple height.

The cardboard, plastic or similar material tubes 11a thus assembled are glued into the corresponding voids formed in two blocks similar to blocks 2 and 3 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

It is also possible to produce a tube-to-tube panel as shown in FIG. 7. The tubes 11a are joined together as described above by sockets according to FIG. 5 and are coated on one side with insulating material 7 and on the other plasterboard 8 or any other similar material.

For their implementation, the panels, as described, will be coated with plates or sheets of very diverse composition such as vegetable or mineral fibers with or without the addition of agglomerated glass fibers with the addition of synthetic resins, plaster or cement. A slightly brittle material will be chosen, the surface of which is possibly suitable for receiving a final coating, inside and outside.

The tubes can be made of ordinary cardboard, fireproof (phenol) cardboard or synthetic material.

Tube to tube panels can, in the case of basement formwork, be made of synthetic material (plastic) and left in their natural state, both indoors and outdoors. It is not necessary to make a waterproof coating because for the exterior these panels are waterproof by themselves.

It is possible to construct buildings with tube to tube panels and to glue as a finish, for example inside, plasterboard or any other panel, the void between the tubes can be filled by foam injection and on the outer face a coating of insulating material such as expanded polystyrene receiving a rustic coating, the coating panel can follow the shape of the tubes which increases the adhesion surface.

When basement formwork it is possible to backfill directly against the wall thus formed or to cover it with a fiber cement, polystyrene or similar panel. The remaining grooves formed by the tubes serve as water drainage.

For interior partitions, the tubes are filled with light concrete, mortar or any other binder.

Of course, these panels are manufactured in several thicknesses and various materials, and according to the different variants described.

) According to this process and thanks to the panels described, it is also possible to construct temporary light buildings; the remaining empty panels are assembled without concrete, by simple bonding. The berries are simply cut out of solid walls.

Thanks to the panel according to the invention, which has transverse passages 14 ensuring transverse solidity by continuous connections, it is possible to construct a building according to the process below shown diagrammatically in FIG. 8.

By means of planar panels 1 and corner panels la, solid walls are mounted by juxtaposition and gluing of panels. Then we cut with a saw the outline of the doors and windows. In the slot left by the saw, a sheet 16 of sheet metal or other material slides. Reinforcement and any pipes are introduced into the empty passages. Concrete is poured into the vertical tubes, this concrete is vibrated to make it flow in the horizontal transverse passages and thus forms uninterrupted horizontal connections. When the concrete has set, the sheets of sheet metal and the cutouts of the doors and windows are removed, and all that remains is to place the frames according to known methods.

Claims (6)

1. Construction panel of a light, not very fragile material, suitable for receiving a final coating, comprising empty passages which can be filled with suitable materials, the empty passages being formed in part by parallel tubes between them, of cardboard, plastic or similar material, characterized in that openings (14) perpendicular to the axis of the tubes (11, lla) constitute transverse passages (14) extending right through the entire width of the panel (1). 2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes of cardboard, plastic or similar material (lla) are joined by their generatrices by means of windows (4) and bridges (5) which fit together according to the principle of the hinge. 3. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a block of molded synthetic foam in which are formed hollow cylinders (10) parallel with transverse passages (14), the hollow cylinders being lined with cardboard, plastic or similar tubes (11) provided with radial perforations (14). 4. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it is constituted by the juxtaposition of at least two blocks (2, 3) of molded synthetic foam, and tubes of cardboard, plastic (11), or similar material . 5. Panel according to claim 2, characterized in that on a generator of said tube of cardboard, plastic or similar material (lla) is cut a row windows (4) leaving therebetween bridges ₍₅₎ of height (a) substantially equal to the height of the single windows, while on the generator oppo- _{s e} the height (b) of the windows (6) is equal about three times the height (a) of the bridges, so that a simple window on three forms a transverse passage (15) corresponding with the midpoint of the fe- _ê n be opposite (6) of triple height. ₆ . Method of building construction using panels according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that solid walls are mounted by juxtaposition of panels which are cut around the edges of doors and windows , that in the gap of the contour of the cutout is slid a metal sheet (16) or any other material, which is introduced the reinforcement and piping _uel vent them into the empty passages, that the concrete is poured in the vertical tubes (11) and that it vibrates the bE- t _on to sink in the transverse passages ₍₁₄₎ horizontal, when the concrete has set, the metal sheets are removed and the cut-outs doors and windows, and that we finish with the finishing operations according to known methods.

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