DE102016201484A1 - Shock-resistant component for the construction of a shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bullet-resistant component (1) for constructing a protective space (3) comprising a first plate element (11) and at least one sleeve element (14) extending along a longitudinal axis which is substantially parallel to the first plate element (11). is aligned. The component (1) is characterized in that the at least one sleeve element (14) has a cavity (141) in which a bullet-resistant material (15) is arranged.

Description

The invention relates to a bullet-resistant component for the construction of a shelter according to the preamble of claim 1, as well as a shelter according to the preamble of claim 18.

A shelter of the aforementioned type, serves people and soldiers as protection against shelling in war zones, small-scale materials that are accelerated, for example, in an explosion, or rockfalls in a landslide. Often it is necessary to create such a shelter as quickly as possible.

The construction of a classic bunker is very time consuming and costly and is not always considered for these reasons. Also, it is often not necessary that the shelter has a very long life, since it is often used only for a manageable period. For this reason, it is also advantageous that after the use of the shelters, the materials and raw materials used can be recycled and thereby burden the environment as little as possible. Nevertheless, the shelters should be able to cope with all kinds of burdens while providing users with the necessary security.

The present invention has for its object to provide for the construction of a shelter suitable elements and a shelter that meet the requirements initially stated.

This object is achieved by a bullet-resistant component with the features of claim 1 and by a shelter with the features of claim 17. Embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Thereafter, the bullet-resistant component suitable for the construction of a protective space comprises a first plate element. The plate element can be cut in particular rectangular and have a length and a width. The bullet-resistant member further includes at least one sleeve member extending along a longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the first panel member. A sleeve member is for example a hollow body with a cavity and a wall surrounding the cavity. The wall may have one or more openings through which the cavity is accessible from the outside. Preferably, the sleeve member has an elongated shape defining the longitudinal axis of the sleeve member. The length of the sleeve element can be 1 to 3.5 m, in particular 1.5 to 3 m. The elongate shaped sleeve member may have an opening at one of its axial ends or at both axial ends, for example.

The bullet-resistant component according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one sleeve element has a cavity in which a bullet-resistant material is arranged.

An anti-bullet material is a material that absorbs the kinetic of a projectile and distributes it over the largest possible area. By slowing down the projectile this remains stuck in the bullet-resistant component or exits from this with significantly reduced kinetic energy, so that the risk of injury is reduced by the floor.

According to one embodiment, the bullet-resistant material comprises a bulk material which can be poured into the cavity of the at least one sleeve element. Thus, the bullet-resistant component can be delivered without the bullet-resistant material to the site and filled there with simple means with the bulk material.

A bulk material is a pourable, granular mixture of a substance or substance mixture. Bulk material has the further advantage that in the case of a bombardment, the hole formed by the projectile in the bullet-resistant component is closed by an after-sagging of the bulk material and the bullet-resistant effect continues to exist.

According to a preferred embodiment, the bulk material comprises sand or generally mineral grains. Sand is available almost everywhere, so the sand can be sourced locally from local supplies. Other bulk materials, such as cereal grains, may be considered. However, the durability of this raw material and the possible changes over time as a function of the ambient conditions (temperature, humidity) must always be taken into account.

Alternatively it can be used as bullet-resistant material (moist) clay, which is pressed into the cavity of the at least one sleeve member. In this case, care must be taken in particular that no cavities are formed between individual clay charges in order to ensure the bullet-resistant effect over the entire cavity of the at least one sleeve element.

According to one embodiment it can be provided that the cavity extends over the entire length of the at least one sleeve element extends. Furthermore, the cavity may have a volume which corresponds almost to the volume of the at least one sleeve member. This creates the opportunity to use a maximum amount of bullet-resistant material and thus increase / maximize the bullet-resistant effect of the component. For this reason, another embodiment provides that the entire cavity is filled with the bullet-resistant material.

In order to prevent the bullet-resistant material from falling / slipping out of the sleeve member when moving the bullet-resistant member, for example, a cover member may be provided to cover or close the opening (s) of the cavity (if such opening (s) are formed) be, for example, after filling the cavity with the bullet-resistant material in the opening (s) can be used.

The at least one sleeve member may have various cross-sectional shapes such as circular, square, rectangular, etc. The square and the rectangular cross-sectional shape may have (slightly) rounded corners. With the cross-sectional shape is meant the cross-sectional shape of the sleeve member per se and the cross-sectional shape of the cavity. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the cavity corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the sleeve member. Preference is given to the square or rectangular cross-sectional shape (with rounded corners). These forms provide a constant material thickness for the bullet-resistant material. Also, a plurality of sleeve members having a square / rectangular cross-section can be arranged in close packing of the sleeve members. Thus, the bullet-resistant effect is as homogeneous as possible. Furthermore, sleeve elements with a square / rectangular cross-section provide large flat sections which can serve as contact surfaces. It has also been found that the filling of a square or rectangular sleeve element is simpler than in the case of a sleeve element with a circular cross section. Particularly preferred is a sleeve element with a square cross-section. A sleeve element with a square cross-section (compared to a sleeve element with a rectangular cross-section) facilitates the structure of the bullet-resistant component due to its symmetry properties.

According to one embodiment, the sleeve member comprises cardboard. Preferably, the sleeve member is made exclusively of cardboard. On the one hand, this material is stable and, on the other hand, can be recycled without leaving any residue when disposing of the bullet-resistant component.

According to one embodiment, the at least one sleeve element rests against the first plate element over substantially its entire length. Preferably, the at least one sleeve element is in surface contact with the first plate element. In addition, a fastening means may be provided which enables / supports the contact between the at least one sleeve element and the plate element. The attachment can be achieved for example by an adhesive connection, brackets, nails or screws.

According to a further embodiment, the at least one sleeve element has a length which substantially corresponds to the length of the first plate element. Thus, a single sleeve member extends over the entire length of the first plate member. As a result, a constant over the entire length of the bullet-resistant component stability can be ensured.

Preferably, the bullet-resistant component comprises two or more sleeve members. The longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements are substantially parallel to each other and aligned with the first plate member. In this case, two adjacent sleeve elements in each case rest against each other. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the two or more sleeve members are arranged in a (first) row which extends substantially parallel to the first panel member. In this way, over the entire width of the first plate element (and thus the bullet-resistant component) consistent stability and bullet-resistant effect can be ensured. According to another preferred embodiment, a second series of sleeve members is provided which extends substantially parallel to the first row of sleeve members. In this case, the first row of sleeve elements between the second row of sleeve members and the first plate member is arranged. By this feature, the depth of the bullet-resistant member can be increased and the bullet-proofing effect can be increased. The first and second rows may each have the same number of sleeve members. Alternatively, different numbers of sleeve elements can be provided per row.

The sleeve members of the first row may be offset from the sleeve members of the second row such that a sleeve member of the other row joins a transition between two sleeve members within a row. The offset has the effect that a projectile, which penetrates in the region of a transition between two sleeve elements within a row in the bullet-resistant component, through the subsequent sleeve member of the other row, that is in particular can be braked by the bullet-resistant material in the cavity of this sleeve member. The offset of the second row ensures that the bullet-resistant effect is constant over the entire bullet-resistant component and is not reduced locally by a transition between two sleeve members. The size of the offset is arbitrary, as long as it is ensured that adjoins a transition between two sleeve elements within a row, a region of a sleeve member of the other row, is arranged in the bullet-resistant material. For example, the offset can be 50%.

According to another embodiment, the bullet-resistant component may comprise more than two rows of sleeve elements. These multiple rows may preferably be arranged in parallel. The sleeve members of one row may be offset from the sleeve members of an adjacent row such that a sleeve member of the other row joins a transition between two sleeve members within a row. For example, if three rows of sleeve members are provided, then the sleeve members of the first and third rows may be staggered to the same extent relative to the sleeve members of the second row. Preferably, each row has the same number of sleeve members. Alternatively, different numbers of sleeve elements can be provided per row.

In order to further increase the bullet-resistant effect of the component, an additional plate may also be arranged between the first row and the second row (or more than two rows between two adjacent rows). This additional plate can be made for example of a metal or of the same material as the first plate member.

According to another embodiment, a second plate member is provided, which is arranged to the first plate member, that the first plate member and the second plate member are spaced from each other by a gap. In the intermediate space, the at least one sleeve element is arranged. In this case, the longitudinal axis of the at least one sleeve element is aligned substantially parallel to the first plate element and to the second plate element.

The two plate elements preferably have the same length and the same width. The two plate elements can be tailored in particular rectangular. The at least one sleeve element can substantially fill the entire gap between the first plate element and the second plate element.

If the bullet-resistant component comprises a first and a second row of sleeve elements and a first and a second plate element, these may be arranged in the following order: first plate element, first row, second row, second plate element. In this case, if the first and the second row are offset from one another as described above, the first and the second plate element can also be offset from each other. Thus, the sleeve members of the first row may extend over the entire surface of the first plate member and the sleeve members of the second row over the entire surface of the second plate member. The same applies to a bullet-resistant component with any even number of rows of sleeve elements. In a bullet-resistant component having an odd number of rows of sleeve members, the first and second plate members may be congruently arranged.

By choosing the size (width or depth) of the at least one sleeve element, the distance between the first plate element and the second plate element and thus the bullet-resistant effect of the bullet-resistant component can be adjusted. Thus, the sleeve member may have a width or depth of 150 to 250 mm, in particular from 190 to 210 mm, particularly preferably of 200 mm. By choosing the material or wall thickness of the at least one sleeve element, the stability of the bullet-resistant component can be influenced. Thus, the wall thickness of the at least one sleeve element can be 3 to 4 mm, in particular 3.3 to 3.7 mm, particularly preferably 3.5 mm.

According to a further embodiment, the first plate element and the second plate element have different material thicknesses. For example, the first plate element may have a smaller material thickness than the second plate element. In this case, the material thickness of the first plate element 8 to 20 mm, in particular 10 to 14 mm, and the material thickness of the second plate member 10 to 25 mm, in particular 15 to 20 mm, amount.

In order to be able to connect a plurality of bullet-resistant components with one another, the first plate element and / or the second plate element can have a groove for receiving a connecting element along at least a portion of its peripheral edge. The groove is formed in particular in at least one of the sides of the / the plate elements (s), which define the material thickness (depth) of the plate elements. Especially Preferably, the groove extends along the entire side in which the groove is formed. As a result, a particularly strong connection between two bullet-resistant components can be produced. In particular, the groove can also be formed in each of these sides. Particularly preferably, the groove extends along the entire peripheral edge of the / the plate elements (s). In the embodiment in which a second plate element is provided in addition to the first plate element, preferably both plate elements have such a groove. As a connecting element may be provided complementary to the groove shaped strip (for example, made of wood), which can be pressed into the grooves of two bullet-resistant components to be joined and glued to the plate elements. Alternatively, other means for connecting two components may be provided.

According to one embodiment, the first plate element (and, if provided, the second plate element) may comprise an OSB plate (coarse chipboard) or a sea-pine plate. These materials offer a high degree of stability and can be recycled without leaving any residue when the bullet-resistant component is disposed of. In order to protect the bullet-resistant component from moisture, a watertight coating of a plate element or both plate elements, in particular on the side facing away from the sleeve elements, may be provided.

According to a further embodiment, the bullet-resistant component may comprise at least one sleeve element, in the cavity of which the bullet-resistant material is arranged, and at least one sleeve element, in the cavity of which an insulating material, in particular straw or cellulose, is arranged. By this feature, in addition to the bullet-resistant effect, a thermal insulation effect of the component can be achieved. Preferably, the bullet-resistant component comprises a plurality of sleeve elements with the bullet-resistant material and a plurality of sleeve elements with the insulating material, which are each arranged in particular in a row. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least two rows of sleeve members may be provided with the bullet-resistant material and a series of sleeve members with the insulating material. In this case, the sleeve elements of the at least two rows of sleeve elements can be offset from each other with the bullet-resistant material such that a sleeve element of the other row adjoins a transition between two sleeve elements within a row. According to a further embodiment, the sleeve elements can be distributed with the bullet-resistant material and the sleeve elements with the insulating material, as long as it is ensured that at a transition between two sleeve elements with the bullet-resistant material within a row a sleeve element with the bullet-resistant material of another series indirectly or immediately followed. In the German patent application 10 2015 226 353.3 , which is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application, the aspect of thermal insulation through the use of an insulating material is described in detail.

The bullet-resistant component according to the invention can be produced as follows. First, a first plate member is provided. On this, at least one sleeve element, which extends along a longitudinal axis, arranged on the first plate member, that the longitudinal axis of the at least one sleeve member is aligned substantially parallel to the extension plane of the first plate member. In particular, the at least one sleeve element is placed on the first plate element, so that the at least one sleeve element rests against the first plate element. Preferably, a plurality of sleeve members are disposed on the first plate member (forming a first row). In this case, the longitudinal axes of the sleeve members may extend parallel to each other and the sleeve members in particular abut each other. The individual sleeve elements may, but need not, be attached to each other. When placing the sleeve (s) on the first plate element, an adhesive bond can be made simultaneously between the sleeve element (s) and the first plate element. For this purpose, the adhesive may for example be sprayed on the first plate element before the at least one sleeve element is arranged on the first plate element. Preferably, the adhesive is a recyclable adhesive that does not pollute the environment when disposing of the bullet-resistant component.

Other fastening means than an adhesive bond can be used. As fasteners, for example, staples, nails or screws can be used. Preferably, the first plate member and the at least one sleeve member are stapled together with a staple. The attachment may be provided in particular in the region of the axial ends of the at least one sleeve element. This can be effectively prevented with a few fasteners movement of the at least one sleeve member with respect to the first plate member.

Subsequently, on the first row of sleeve members, a second row of Sleeve elements (for example by means of an adhesive connection) are attached. In this case, preferably, an offset between the sleeve members of the first row and the sleeve members of the second row can be formed.

Thereafter, a second plate member may be disposed on the at least one sleeve member, the first row of sleeve members or the second row of sleeve members such that the second panel member is aligned substantially parallel to the first panel member.

By means of one or more fasteners, the second panel member may be secured to the at least one sleeve member, the first row of sleeve members, or the second row of sleeve members. The attachment can be made here in the same manner as in the first plate member.

The invention further relates to a shelter with a floor, a ceiling formed by at least one ceiling element and extending substantially parallel to the floor at a distance therefrom, and side walls formed by wall elements substantially between the floor Floor and the ceiling extend substantially perpendicular to these. The soil can be formed by the natural ground. Alternatively, the floor may be formed by at least one floor element.

The protective space according to the invention is characterized in that the bullet-resistant component according to the invention is used for the at least one ceiling element and / or the wall elements (and the at least one floor element). In particular, the shelter may comprise a plurality of ceiling elements and wall elements (and floor elements), all of which are each formed by an inventive bullet-resistant component. The size of the bullet-resistant components can be dimensioned such that the bullet-resistant components are movable solely by human power. This means that the weight and the dimensions (length, width) of a bullet-resistant component are such that one or more people, in particular two people, can lift and carry such a bullet-resistant component without having to use technical aids such as, for example, a crane. require. The bullet-resistant components are preferably dimensioned so that the shelter according to the invention can thus be made primarily by the use of physical force, which can make the production of the shelter compared to a classic bunker construction very cost.

Thus, the bullet-resistant components, which are provided for the production of the protective space according to the invention, have a length of 1 to 3.5 m and a width of 0.4 to 1.5 m. Preferably, they have a length of 1.5 to 3 m and a width of 0.5 to 1 m. Particularly preferably, the bullet-resistant components can have a length of 1.5 to 3 m and a width of 0.6 to 0.7 m. Such bullet resistant components have proven to be particularly advantageous for handling and transportation by human power.

If the bullet-resistant component according to the invention is used as a wall element, the bullet-resistant component can be aligned such that the longitudinal axis of the at least one sleeve element of the bullet-resistant component extends from the bottom to the ceiling. This orientation allows in view of the load to be borne by the wall element of the ceiling (and optionally a roof structure) dimensional stability, especially if the plate elements and the at least one sleeve member of the bullet-resistant component in each case have the same length. Thus, the weight of the blanket (and, optionally, a roof construction) may distribute evenly (along the longitudinal direction) to the first panel member (and the second panel member) and the at least one sleeve member without compressing the at least one sleeve member by the weight.

According to a further embodiment, the bullet-resistant component used to form a ceiling element or a wall element (or a floor element) may comprise a first and a second plate elements, each having a different material thickness. Thus, the first plate member may be formed thinner than the second plate member and form the interior of the shelter facing away from the bullet-resistant components. In this embodiment, therefore, the thicker second plate element forms the side facing the interior of the protective space, while the thinner first plate element forms the side facing away from the interior of the protective space. By this orientation, the diffusion of moisture, which collects in the shelter, for example by breathing, can be supported out of the shelter by the bullet-resistant component. Mold formation in the shelter can be avoided.

According to a further embodiment, the shelter according to the invention, a roof construction according to the German patent application 10 2015 226 353.3 which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This roof construction can be on the ceiling be arranged of the shelter. Preferably, the roof construction is dimensioned such that the sleeve elements of the roof structure over their longitudinal axes on the two side walls of the shelter, which are aligned substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the sleeve members of the roof construction, survive.

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.

Show it:

1 a cross-sectional view of a bullet-resistant component according to an embodiment of the invention;

2 a side view of the bullet-resistant component 1 ;

3a) C) various embodiments of a connection between two series-arranged bullet-resistant components according to the invention;

4 an embodiment of a connection between two arranged at a right angle to each other bullet-resistant components 1 ;

5 a cross-sectional view of a shelter according to an embodiment of the invention with bullet-resistant components 1 and a roof construction;

6 an enlarged view of a portion of the roof construction 5 ;

7 an enlarged view of a portion of the shelter from 5 in the area of the foundation; and

8th a cross-sectional view of a bullet-resistant component according to another embodiment of the invention.

In 1 is a schematic cross section through a bullet-resistant component 1 represented according to an embodiment of the invention. The bullet-resistant component 1 is in 2 also shown in perspective. The bullet-resistant component 1 comprises a first plate element 11 and a second plate member 12 , each having the same length l and the same width b. Length l and width b define a rectangular area. In this case, the first and the second plate element 11 . 12 a different depth t (material thickness). This is the first plate element 11 a smaller material thickness than the second plate element 12 on. Both plate elements 11 . 12 are OSB boards.

In the embodiment of the 1 and 2 are the two plate elements 11 and 12 through a gap 13 spaced from each other, wherein the two plate elements 11 . 12 lie flat against. The two plate elements 11 . 12 are arranged along their width b shifted from each other.

In the gap 13 between the two plate elements 11 . 12 are six sleeve elements 14 arranged. The number of sleeve elements 14 is only an example here and can differ from six. In the embodiment of the 1 and 2 the sleeve elements are identical in shape and size. However - depending on the application - also different sleeve elements 14 in a bullet-resistant component 1 be used. The sleeve elements 14 are tubular structures with a cavity 141 enclosing wall 142 which extend along a longitudinal axis. At the two axial ends of the sleeve elements 14 is each an opening 1421 in the wall 142 intended. The wall 142 has a substantially constant material thickness of 3.3 to 3.7 mm. The sleeve elements 14 have a substantially square cross section with rounded corners ( 1 ).

In the sleeve elements 14 is sand 15 arranged as bullet-resistant material. The sand 15 can through the openings 1421 in the sleeve elements 14 are introduced, which can then be closed with a cover (not shown) to the sand in the sleeve elements 14 to keep.

The sleeve elements 14 have the same length l as the plate elements 11 . 12 , The sleeve elements 14 are arranged such that their longitudinal axes are substantially parallel to each other and along the length l of the plate elements 11 . 12 extend. Furthermore, the sleeve elements 14 along the width b of the plate elements 11 . 12 strung together. Each sleeve element lies here 14 flat on the first plate element 11 or on the second plate element 12 at. In addition, adjacent sleeve elements 14 flat against each other. Between the individual sleeve elements 14 no connection means is provided. However, every sleeve element is 14 by means of clips (not shown) on the first and the second plate element, respectively 11 . 12 attached. The brackets are each in the region of the axial ends of the sleeve members 14 arranged.

The sleeve elements 14 are in a first and a second row, each with three sleeve elements 14 arranged. In this case, the two rows of sleeve elements each extend parallel to the first and the second plate element 11 . 12 , In particular, the first row lies on the first plate element 11 and the second row on the second plate element 12 , Further, the first row abuts the second row. The sleeve elements 14 the first and the second row are along the width of the plate elements 11 . 12 offset against each other. The offset is designed such that (when viewed along the depth of the bullet-resistant component 1 ) to a transition between two sleeve elements 14 the first row a sleeve element 14 the second row connects, and vice versa.

In 8th is another embodiment of a bullet-resistant component 1 shown. This differs from that embodiment of the 1 and 2 only in that three (instead of two) rows of sleeve elements 14 each with three sleeve elements 14 are provided. The sleeve elements 14 the first and the third row are along the width of the plate elements 11 . 12 opposite the sleeve elements 14 the second row (located between the first row and the third row) is offset. The offset is designed such that (when viewed along the depth of the bullet-resistant component 1 ) to a transition between two sleeve elements 14 the first and the third row, a sleeve element 14 the second row connects, and vice versa. An offset of the first row from the third row is not provided. This and the odd number of rows of sleeve elements 14 are the two plate elements 11 . 12 arranged congruently.

For establishing a connection between two bullet-resistant components arranged in one plane 1 have the first plate element 11 and the second plate member 12 each grooves 111 . 121 on (for example 1 . 2 and 8th ). The grooves 111 . 121 are in the side edges of each plate element 11 . 12 along the length l and the width b of the plate elements 11 . 12 extend over the entire length l and the entire width b of the plate elements 11 . 12 arranged.

For establishing a connection between two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b these are arranged to each other such that the two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b each having the same orientation, so that the protruding sleeve member 14a ( 14b ) of a bullet-resistant component 1a ( 1b ) on a sleeve element 14b ( 14a ) of the other component 1b ( 1a ) can be brought to the plant. In this orientation then the two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b brought into contact. In the 3a) to 3c) are different embodiments for establishing a connection between two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b shown.

In 3a) are two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b out 1 represented by means of the grooves 111 . 111b . 121 . 121b and by means of connecting elements 16 connected to each other. The two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b are arranged side by side, so that the grooves 111 . 111b the first plate elements 11a . 11b and the grooves 121 . 121b the second plate elements 12a . 12b in each case opposite and together in each case a receptacle for the connecting element 16 form. The connecting elements 16 are strips that are complementary to the grooves 111 . 111b . 121 . 121b are shaped. The strips extend over the entire length l of the bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b or plate elements 11a . 11b . 12a . 12b , The strips 16 can be coated with an adhesive in the grooves 111 . 111b . 121 . 121b be pressed to connect between the two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b manufacture. The strips can be made in particular of solid wood.

In 3b) is an alternative way to make a connection between two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b shown. The plate elements 11a . 11b . 12a . 12b the bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b here have no grooves for receiving fasteners. As connecting elements 16 serve as in the embodiment 3a) two strips, but the outside of the plate elements 11a . 11b . 12a . 12b are arranged. Each of the two bars is 16 arranged so that they simultaneously on both first plate elements 11a . 11b or at the two second plate elements 12a . 12b the bullet-resistant components to be connected 1a . 1b is applied. The strips 16 are with the plate elements 11a . 11b . 12a . 12b glued or attached to these by nails, screws or clamps.

3c) shows a further embodiment, which differs from that 3b) only in the nature of the connecting element 16 different. In the embodiment of 3c) No bars are provided. The connection is made by an adhesive bond between the adjacent sleeve elements 14a . 14b of the two components 1a . 1b and between the first plate elements 11a . 11b and second plate elements 12a . 12b the two bullet-resistant components 1a . 1b is arranged. Alternatively, nails, screws or staples can be used.

The in the 3a) to 3c) illustrated connection options can serve two or more bullet-resistant components in one Level connect with each other. Should two bullet-resistant components 1 However, be arranged at a right angle to each other, so can a corner element 2 , as in 4 pictured, are used. The corner element 2 includes sleeve elements 24 with square and rectangular cross-section, which are arranged to form a corner in several rows. The sleeve elements 24 are offset from one another in such a way that adjoins a transition between two sleeve elements 24 in a row, always a sleeve element 24 followed by the next series. In the 4 illustrated combination of rectangular and square sleeve elements 24 is to be understood in terms of number and distribution only by way of example. Other combinations of rectangular and square sleeve elements, which are arranged offset to each other as described, are possible. A first plate element 21 is arranged outwardly around the formed corner, while a second plate element 22 directed inwardly around the formed corner. The first plate element 21 has a smaller material thickness than the second plate element 22 on. To then connect between the corner element 2 and a bullet-resistant component 1 can produce in the 3a) to 3c) used variants are used. A like in 4 shown corner element 2 is used, for example, for bullet-resistant components 1 , which are to serve as vertically oriented side walls of a shelter to connect at right angles to each other.

In 5 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a shelter according to the invention 3 shown. The shelter 3 includes a floor 31 , A blanket 32 and sidewalls 33 , The floor 31 and the ceiling 32 are substantially parallel to each other and spaced from each other. The side walls 33 extend between the ground 31 and the ceiling 32 and substantially perpendicular to them. Here are the side walls 33 along the peripheral edges of the soil 31 and the ceiling 32 arranged. Additional can side walls 33 be provided for the division of the shelter 3 serve in individual rooms.

The floor 31 includes several floor elements 311 , the ceiling 32 several ceiling elements 321 and the side walls 33 several wall elements 331 , The ceiling elements 321 and wall elements 331 are made by bullet-resistant components 1 as in 1 shown formed. The floor elements 311 are made by bullet-resistant components 1 formed with only a series of sleeve elements. The floor elements 311 , Ceiling elements 321 and wall elements 331 are all 0.6 to 0.7 m wide. The floor elements 311 are 2.5 m long, the ceiling elements 321 3 m and the wall elements 331 2.8 to 2.9 m.

All floor elements 311 , Ceiling elements 321 and wall elements 331 each have a first plate element 11 and a second plate member 12 on, wherein the first plate element 11 thinner than the second plate element 12 , The first plate elements 11 each form the interior of the shelter 3 opposite side of the floor elements 311 , Ceiling elements 321 and wall elements 331 , So can the first plate element 11 the floor elements 311 , Ceiling elements 321 and wall elements 331 12 mm thick and the second plate element 12 the floor elements 311 , Ceiling elements 321 and wall elements 331 17 mm.

The wall elements 331 are aligned so that the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements 14 the wall elements 331 from the ground 31 to the ceiling 32 extend.

The floor elements 311 or the ceiling elements 321 are mutually exclusive according to the embodiment 3a) flat connected. The wall elements 331 are flat according to the embodiment of 3a) and at right angles according to the embodiment 4 connected with each other.

Some of the ceiling elements 321 are with the wall elements 331 connected. The connection will be - as in 6 represented - by a circumferential construction 34 realized as ring beam replacement. The revolving construction 34 extends along the peripheral edge of the ceiling 32 of the shelter 3 , In cross-section is the circumferential construction 34 L-shaped and comes in the intended condition both with the ceiling elements 321 as well as with the wall elements 331 to the plant. This is the circumferential construction 34 on the interior of the shelter facing plate elements 12 the ceiling elements 321 and the wall elements 331 and is also between the ceiling elements 321 and the wall elements 331 arranged. The revolving construction 34 is made of wood, for example.

Also some of the floor elements 311 are with the wall elements 331 connected. The connection will be - as in 7 represented - by a variety of angle profiles 35 educated. The angle profiles 35 are L-shaped and are similar to the surrounding construction 34 in the intended condition both on the floor elements 311 as well as on the wall elements 331 at. Also the angle profiles 35 are located on the interior of the shelter facing plate elements 12 the floor elements 311 and the wall elements 331 at. The angle profiles 35 For example, they are made of a (recyclable) plastic.

On the ceiling 32 of the shelter 3 is a roof construction 4 arranged in 5 completely and in 6 is shown in extracts enlarged. The roof construction 4 includes a series of sleeve elements 41 similar to the sleeve elements 14 the bullet-resistant components 1 are. The sleeve elements 41 are elongated hollow bodies which extend along their longitudinal axes. The sleeve elements 41 the roof construction 4 differ from those of bullet-resistant components 1 in that they have a circular cross section and different diameters. The diameter of the different sized sleeve elements 41 takes from the smallest to the largest sleeve element 41 linear to. The sleeve elements 41 are so on the ceiling 32 arranged that the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements 41 substantially parallel to each other and to the plane of extent of the ceiling 32 extend. Here are the different sized sleeve elements 41 distributed so that they together - along the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements 41 considered - essentially form the shape of an isosceles triangle. In this case lie - along the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements 41 considered - adjacent sleeve elements 41 to each other. Along the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements 41 considered are several sleeve elements 41 of the same diameter one behind the other and spaced from each other.

Over the sleeve elements 41 is a plane 42 arranged from a water-impermeable material. The plans 42 is on ceiling elements 321 the ceiling 32 attached. It covers the tarpaulin 42 the ceiling elements 321 once and is at the second (the interior of the shelter 3 facing) plate elements 12 the ceiling elements 321 attached.

Because the ceiling elements 321 are quite sharp, their edge areas, which are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements 41 extend, from a laterally open sleeve member 41 ' , which has the shape of a circular arc in cross section, enveloped. For fastening a sleeve element 41 ' on a ceiling element 321 are wedges or noses 43 on the first plate element 11 and on the second plate member 12 of the ceiling element 321 attached, which is the sleeve element 41 ' engage behind.

The plans 42 So covers the sleeve elements 41 , which rotates on both sides (along the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements 41 considered) of the sleeve elements 41 provided sleeve elements 41 ' and becomes with its opposite ends on the ceiling elements 321 attached. For attachment are clamping elements 44 provided with which the tarpaulin 42 can be stretched so that it forms a roof slope and not the contour of the sleeve elements 41 . 41 ' follows. The clamping elements 44 can be commercially available clamping elements, which is for example also used for tensioning the tarpaulin of the cargo compartment of a truck.

To avoid rainwater, especially in strong winds, not from the tarp 42 drips off, but to the side wall 33 of the shelter is additionally a drip edge 45 provided, which promotes the dripping of rainwater. The drip edge 45 is on the second plate element 12 the ceiling elements 321 arranged and extends substantially along (a portion) of the peripheral edge of the ceiling 32 , The drip edge 45 has a cross section in cross-section, from the ceiling 32 away in the direction of the ground 31 is directed.

The embodiment of the 5 and 6 shows a shelter 3 with a roof construction 4 and with bullet-resistant components according to the invention 1 as floor, ceiling and wall elements 311 . 321 . 331 , The shelter 3 However, it is possible without the roof construction 4 be made. Also, on a floor with bullet-resistant components according to the invention 1 as floor elements 311 be waived. According to another alternative, the as floor elements 311 used bullet-resistant component 1 two rows of sleeve elements 14 include, according to the ceiling and wall elements 321 . 331 ,

The shelter 3 is on a foundation 5 built in the 5 and 7 is shown. The foundation 5 is a strip foundation. For the production of the strip foundation 5 becomes a formwork 51 brought into the earth. For example, the formwork may comprise a plurality of individual box-like receptacles arranged according to the desired shape of the strip foundation. The receptacles may be, for example, crates that are laterally sealed. Fresh concrete is then introduced into the formwork, which hardens there. On the foundation made in this way 5 then can the floor elements 311 and the wall elements 331 to be ordered.

For sealing the shelter 3 against moisture from the ground is on the foundation 5 first a water-impermeable film 52 arranged. Between the slide 52 and the wall elements 331 is also a leveling screed 53 arranged. The wall elements 331 So they support themselves over the leveling board 53 and the foil 52 on the hardened concrete of the foundation 5 from. The floor elements 311 lie directly on the slide 52 on.

On the floor elements 311 is a footfall sound insulation 6 Arranged by a tread 7 is covered. The impact sound insulation 6 may have a material thickness of 15 to 25 mm, preferably 20 mm. The tread 7 can be made of OSB or sea pine panels. These plates may have a material thickness of 20 to 25 mm, preferably 22 mm.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• DE 102015226353 [0030, 0041]

Claims (20)

Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) for the construction of a shelter ( 3 ) comprising a first plate element ( 11 ) and at least one sleeve element ( 14 ) extending along a longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the first plate element (Fig. 11 ), characterized in that the at least one sleeve element ( 14 ) a cavity ( 141 ), in which a bullet-resistant material ( 15 ) is arranged. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet-resistant material ( 15 ) comprises a bulk material, in particular sand. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cavity ( 141 ) over the entire length of the at least one sleeve element ( 14 ). Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire cavity ( 141 ) with the bullet-resistant material ( 15 ) is filled. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one sleeve element ( 14 ) over substantially its entire length on the first plate element ( 11 ) is present. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one sleeve element ( 14 ) has a length substantially equal to the length of the first plate element ( 11 ) corresponds. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by two or more sleeve elements ( 14 ) whose longitudinal axes are aligned substantially parallel to one another, wherein two adjacent sleeve elements ( 14 ) abut each other. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the two or more sleeve elements ( 14 ) are arranged in a first row, which are substantially parallel to the first plate element ( 11 ). Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one further row of sleeve elements ( 14 ) substantially parallel to the first row of sleeve members ( 14 ), wherein the first series of sleeve elements ( 14 ) between the first plate element ( 11 ) and the at least one further row of sleeve elements ( 14 ) is arranged. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the sleeve elements ( 14 ) of the first row offset from the sleeve elements ( 14 ) of the at least one further row are arranged, that at a transition between two adjacent sleeve elements ( 14 ) within a row a sleeve element ( 14 ) joins at least one other row. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one sleeve element ( 14 ) has a square or rectangular cross-section. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one sleeve element ( 14 ) Cardboard covers. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second plate element ( 12 ) provided in such a way to the first plate element ( 11 ) is arranged, that the first and the second plate element ( 11 . 12 ) through a gap ( 13 ) are spaced from each other, wherein in the space ( 13 ) the at least one sleeve element ( 14 ) whose longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to the first plate element (FIG. 11 ) and to the second plate element ( 12 ) is aligned. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the first plate element ( 11 ) has a smaller material thickness than the second plate element ( 12 ). Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first plate element ( 11 ) and / or the second plate element ( 12 ) along a portion of its peripheral edge (s) a groove ( 111 . 121 ) for receiving a connecting element ( 16 ) exhibit. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first plate element ( 11 ) and / or the second plate element ( 12 ) each comprise an OSB board or a sea-pine board. Shock-resistant component ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one sleeve element ( 14 ), in whose cavity ( 141 ) the bullet-resistant material ( 15 ) is arranged, and at least one sleeve member ( 14 ), in whose cavity ( 141 ) an insulating material, in particular straw or cellulose, is arranged. Shelter ( 3 ) with a floor ( 31 ), a blanket ( 32 ) by at least one ceiling element ( 321 ) and which are substantially parallel to the ground ( 31 ) at a distance to this, and side walls ( 33 ) by wall elements ( 331 ) and which are located between the ground ( 31 ) and the ceiling ( 32 ) extend substantially perpendicular to these, characterized in that the at least one ceiling element ( 321 ) and / or the wall elements ( 331 ) bullet-resistant components ( 1 ) according to at least one of the preceding claims. Shelter ( 3 ) according to claim 18, characterized in that the wall elements ( 331 ) bullet-resistant components ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the bullet-resistant components ( 1 ) are aligned such that the longitudinal axes of the sleeve elements ( 14 ) from the ground ( 31 ) to the ceiling ( 32 ). Shelter ( 3 ) according to claim 18 or 19 when dependent on claim 14, characterized in that the first plate elements ( 11 ) of the bullet-resistant components ( 1 ) for the formation of the side walls ( 33 ) and the ceiling ( 32 ) each of the interior of the shelter ( 3 ) facing away from the bullet-resistant components ( 1 ) form.

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