EP0030360B2 - Procédé de fabrication d'acier - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'acier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0030360B2
EP0030360B2 EP80107542A EP80107542A EP0030360B2 EP 0030360 B2 EP0030360 B2 EP 0030360B2 EP 80107542 A EP80107542 A EP 80107542A EP 80107542 A EP80107542 A EP 80107542A EP 0030360 B2 EP0030360 B2 EP 0030360B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
bath surface
melt
converter
nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80107542A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0030360A3 (en
EP0030360A2 (fr
EP0030360B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Dr.-Ing. E.H. Brotzmann
Paul-Gerhard Mantey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kloeckner CRA Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Eisenwerke Gesellschaf Maximilianshuette mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE19792951156 external-priority patent/DE2951156A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803008145 external-priority patent/DE3008145C2/de
Application filed by Eisenwerke Gesellschaf Maximilianshuette mbH filed Critical Eisenwerke Gesellschaf Maximilianshuette mbH
Priority to AT80107542T priority Critical patent/ATE5202T1/de
Publication of EP0030360A2 publication Critical patent/EP0030360A2/fr
Publication of EP0030360A3 publication Critical patent/EP0030360A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0030360B1 publication Critical patent/EP0030360B1/fr
Publication of EP0030360B2 publication Critical patent/EP0030360B2/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/305—Afterburning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing steel in a converter with nozzles from concentric tubes below the bath surface for blowing in ground solids for slag formation and / or supply of heat, in which oxygen is directed through a water-cooled lance and / or at least one onto the bath surface Inflation nozzle is blown onto the bath surface.
  • Oxygen freshening for steel production by means of the inflation process and the blow-through process with nozzles made of two concentric tubes for the oxygen and a protective medium arranged in the refractory lining, for example in the converter floor, are used in steel plants worldwide.
  • the further development today aims to increase profitability by improving the spreading rate, reducing the amount of additives (slag formers) and media (oxygen and coolant).
  • Another development direction is to increase the scrap rate up to the exclusive use of scrap and to supply the required energy in the form of fuels with the highest possible thermal efficiency to the melt.
  • the melt is also supplied with heat by means of carbon-containing fuels.
  • the carbon-containing fuels are introduced into the melt, while the oxygen for freshening the melt and for burning the fuels is introduced into the converter simultaneously with gas jets directed onto the bath surface and below the bath surface.
  • the particular advantage of this process is that the fuels introduced are burned to carbon dioxide with a high thermal efficiency of approx. 30%, based on the combustion.
  • the high level of energy utilization is achieved by supplying the oxygen to the bath surface and the associated supply of heat from the CO afterburning to the melt.
  • the known method also allows the number of nozzles below the bath surface to be reduced; this is associated with further advantages in steel production.
  • a disadvantage of the known method is, however, that if the blowing rate of the carbon-containing fuels is greatly increased under certain operating conditions, there are limits to the simultaneous supply of fuel and oxygen due to the limited blowing cross section of the few nozzles below the bath surface.
  • the oxygen blowing process which does not have these disadvantages, requires at least one change of soil during the operating time of a converter lining.
  • the refractory material in the area of the oxygen nozzles in the converter base wears out at approximately twice the speed of the lining of the converter side wall.
  • the working time of around 20 hours for changing the floor is lost as production time.
  • the aforementioned methods contain partial solutions for the disadvantages of acid mentioned material inflation and oxygen blowing process and show how the heat supply during steel production in the converter can be increased.
  • oxygen is blown into the melt below and above the bath surface
  • undesirable high hydrogen and nitrogen contents for certain steel qualities result from the nozzle protection medium of the oxygen nozzles below the bath surface.
  • the object of the invention to combine the advantages of a special slag guide, similar to the oxygen blowing process, but without increased iron losses in the slag, and the advantages of the oxygen blowing process, in particular with regard to the low final carbon contents with a lower iron oxide content of the slag connect as well as to achieve low hydrogen and nitrogen contents in the steel.
  • the aim is to achieve a high thermal efficiency when blowing carbon-containing fuels into the melt and to improve the durability of the refractory lining in the area of the nozzles (converter floor) below the bath surface.
  • nozzles normally required in the oxygen blowing process are installed in the converter bottom and / or the lower side wall below the bath surface.
  • these are the usual nozzles consisting of two concentric tubes.
  • ring slot nozzles according to German patent 2 438142 can also be used, or nozzles made from three concentric tubes are used.
  • These three-tube nozzles have two ring gaps of approximately the same size, approximately 0.5 to 2 mm wide. The three-tube nozzle feeds the suspension of solids and inert gas into the central tube, the annular gap surrounding the central tube introduces oxygen and the outer annular gap hydrocarbons into the melt.
  • the amount of hydrocarbon used to protect the nozzle is low and is normally 0.1 to 5%, based on the amount of carrier gas in the central tube.
  • the proportion of oxygen in the annular gap corresponds at least to the amount of hydrocarbon.
  • the bath is to be understood as the converter volume that the completely fresh, resting steel melt occupies when the converter is in the blowing position.
  • the bath surface is accordingly the surface of this melt.
  • the nozzles in the steel bath area serve as an oil-oxygen burner for preheating scrap. As soon as there is melt in the converter, these nozzles are used to introduce carbonaceous fuels and slag formers.
  • hydrocarbons such as natural gas, methane, propane or heating oil
  • Argon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are preferably used for finishing or post-blowing for steel grades with low hydrogen and nitrogen requirements.
  • oxygen can preferably be briefly blown through the central tubes of the nozzles in the bath area until after-blowing.
  • This measure primarily serves to clear the nozzle pipes of unwanted blockages and approaches at the nozzle mouth and to set the desired mushroom-like approaches at the nozzle mouth in the desired size (diameter approx. 100 mm).
  • the alternate operation with slag-forming carrier gas, fuel suspensions and oxygen is possible with the corresponding changeover valves.
  • the amounts of oxygen blown in below the bath surface are small and total less than 20% of the total amount of oxygen.
  • the oxygen is blown onto the bath surface to freshen the melt, to afterburn the reaction gases from the melt and to burn the carbon-containing fuels in the melt.
  • a water-cooled oxygen lance has proven itself for this if oxygen is blown as a free jet onto the bath surface via one or more nozzles in the upper converter side wall.
  • the distribution of the amount of oxygen between the lance and inflation nozzles can vary within wide limits. However, at least 1/4 of the oxygen, based on the total amount of oxygen, is passed through the side wall nozzles, as long as the lance blows in the area of the slag bath at a distance of approximately 0.2 to 1.5 m.
  • the use of the oxygen lance allows active slag work practically at the beginning of the freshening, probably because the slag is hotter than the molten iron itself, in which scrap still dissolves.
  • the slag formers mainly lime, possibly with fluorspar and / or dolomite additive, are partly charged as lump in the converter or charged to the oxygen of the blowing lance and / or the side wall nozzle in the form of lime powder.
  • the ratio can be shifted up to about 3/4 in either direction.
  • the lance distance in the main blowing phase can be increased approximately after half the fresh time. It is in the spirit of the invention to increase the lance distance so far, i. H. about 1.50 m above the surface of the bath so that the oxygen jet has a similar effect to the free jet of the side wall nozzle and contributes to the CO afterburning and return of the heat generated to the melt.
  • the oxygen below the bath surface can only be introduced into the melt temporarily according to the invention.
  • the high level of efficiency in the supply of energy by blowing in carbon-containing fuels is also achieved if oxygen is only temporarily led into the melt below the bath surface.
  • the temporary induction is sufficient to create conditions that favor the retransfer of the energy obtained from the afterburning of the exhaust gases in the upper converter room to the bathroom. It has been shown that during certain fresh phases it is possible to use all nozzles below the bath surface to introduce the carbon-containing fuels as a suspension with an oxygen-free carrier gas.
  • Another feature of the invention is to introduce the slag formers, preferably lime (CaO) in powder form through the nozzles below the bath surface.
  • the preferred method of addition is to charge the powdered lime with oxygen.
  • a converter for the method according to the invention consists of a sheet steel jacket 1 with a refractory lining 2 and an exchangeable base 3, in the refractory lining nozzles 4 are arranged.
  • the nozzles 4 are usually the known OBM nozzles made of two concentric tubes. Some or all of these floor nozzles can also be designed as three-tube nozzles.
  • two floor nozzles 4 are arranged for introducing the dried and pulverized carbon-containing fuels.
  • the suspension of fuel e.g. B. brown coal coke flour
  • an oxygen-free carrier gas for. B. nitrogen or argon
  • the switching valves 7 allow the central tubes of the nozzles 4 alternately with a fuel inert gas -Suspension or only with an oxygen-free gas, in special cases also oxygen, to supply, which flows via a line 8 to the changeover valves 7.
  • the annular gaps of the nozzles 4 are supplied with either a liquid or a gaseous protective medium.
  • the change from liquid to gaseous media and vice versa takes place with the aid of pressure-controlled switching valves 9, which are usually integrated in a nozzle connection flange 10.
  • the liquids and gases are supplied to the changeover valve 9 via feed lines 11, 12.
  • the floor nozzles 4 work, for example, for preheating solid iron supports as burners. Then liquid hydrocarbons, e.g. B. light heating oil, through line 11, via the changeover valve 9 in the nozzle ring gap and through line 8 via the changeover valve 7 oxygen in a stoichiometric amount for the oil combustion through the central tube of the nozzle 4.
  • gaseous protective media for example hydrocarbons such as natural gas or propane.
  • the melt can consist of molten steel or post-charged pig iron.
  • the other floor nozzles are constructed in principle in the same way and serve to supply oxygen-free gases, to which powdered slag formers, in particular CaO and / or carbon-containing fuels, are charged as required.
  • powdered slag formers in particular CaO and / or carbon-containing fuels
  • all of the floor nozzles can only be loaded temporarily with a suspension of carbon-containing fuel and an oxygen-free gas.
  • the bottom nozzles for the introduction of the slag formers are evenly charged with the gas-CaO suspension via a collecting line and a lime distributor (not shown).
  • Gaseous hydrocarbons have proven to be reliable as a protective medium in the annular gap, in particular when oxygen or oxygen-containing gases flow briefly through the central tubes of the nozzles.
  • the nozzles are operated as burners to preheat the solid feedstocks in the converter.
  • An oxygen nozzle 14 d. ⁇ H is located in the lining 2 of the converter 1 above one of the converter pivot pins 13.
  • an inflation nozzle or side wall nozzle This inflation nozzle 14 preferably consists of two concentric tubes, the oxygen also flowing through the central tube and a nozzle protection medium through the annular gap.
  • the outlet opening of the nozzle 14 on the inside of the converter lining 2 is at least 2 m above the bath surface 15. In the case shown, this installation height is approximately 3 m. At least 1/4 of the total amount of oxygen flows through the side wall nozzle.
  • the oxygen jet emerges from the nozzle opening at approximately the speed of sound and acts as a free jet in the gas space of the converter.
  • the water-cooled oxygen lance 16 is a lance with four outlet openings.
  • the lance is controlled in such a way that it moves close to the bath surface 15 at the start of freshness and the lance distance is increased with increasing freshness.
  • the amounts of oxygen are divided between the side nozzle and the lance, at least 25% of the total amount flows through the side nozzle, but preferably 30 to 50%.
  • the lance distance from the bath surface 15 should be at least 1.50 m after the start of blowing, but no later than after the desilication phase.
  • a 200 t converter which worked according to the method according to the invention, had a water-cooled oxygen lance and two side wall nozzles in the converter hat.
  • approx. 7000 Nm 3 oxygen was blown through the oxygen lance as when inflating oxygen and approx. 3,000 Nm 3 oxygen through the two side wall nozzles onto the bath surface.
  • a total of approx. 1,000 Nm 3 nitrogen flowed through the nozzles below the bath surface, loaded with a total of 10 t of dust lime for slag formation and 5 t of coke flour to increase scrap by 10 percentage points.
  • advantageous values could be set in the same 200 t converter if all the oxygen was passed through the water-cooled lance and the nozzles below the bath surface were only operated with a suspension of an oxygen-free carrier gas and slag formers or carbon-containing fuels.
  • the lance distance distance of the lance opening from the bath surface was increased shortly after the start of blowing, about 1 minute later, to about 1.50 m and after another minute to about 2 m.
  • a significant advantage of the method according to the invention has been the improvement in soil durability compared to the oxygen blowing method. With the usual floor lining of approx. 1 m thickness, there was no need to change the floor for each converter lining. The improvement in soil durability is most likely due to the lower number of nozzles compared to the oxygen blowing process and the use of oxygen-free gases.

Claims (8)

1. Procédé d'élaboration d'acier dans un convertisseur avec tuyères formées de tubes concentriques au-dessous de la surface du bain pour insuffler des solides finement broyés pour la formation de scories et/ou l'amenée de chaleur, selon lequel de l'oxygène est soufflé sur la surface du bain par une lance refroidie à l'eau et/ou au moins une tuyère de soufflage dirigée sur la surface du bain, caractérisé en ce que l'on insuffle dans le bain, par les tuyères au-dessous de la surface du bain, au moins de temps en temps, seulement un gaz exempt d'oxygène, chargé de solides au moins partiellement, ainsi que de l'oxygène ou des gaz contenant de l'oxygène, au total toutefois moins de 20 % de la quantité totale d'oxygène, et en ce que la totalité de l'oxygène pour l'affinage du bain, pour la postcombustion des gaz de réaction issus du bain et pour la combustion des combustibles à teneur en carbone dans le bain est soufflée sur la surface du bain.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que de l'oxyde de calcium, de la dolomie, du spath fluor, du carbure de calcium ou des mélanges de ceux-ci sont introduits par les tuyères au-dessous de la surface du bain.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que par les tuyères au-dessous de la surface du bain sont introduits dans le bain des combustibles pulvérisés à teneur en carbone tels que du charbon, du coke, du poussier de coke, du coke de lignite, du graphite et des mélanges de ceux-ci, en suspension avec un gaz vecteur exempt d'oxygène.
4. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'azote, le gaz carbonique, l'oxyde de carbone, le gaz naturel, le méthane, le propane, les gaz inertes, par exemple l'argon et des mélanges de celui-ci, servent de gaz vecteurs exempts d'oxygène.
5. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les générateurs de scorie sont chargés dans le convertisseur sous forme de pierre à chaux ou soufflés sur la surface du bain sous forme de chaux pulvérulente.
6. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'on souffle l'oxygène sur la surface du bain seulement avec une lance refroidie à l'eau et que la distance entre l'orifice de la lance et la surface du bain après la phase de séparation du silicium est d'au moins 1,5 m.
7. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'amenée d'oxygène sur la surface du bain est effectuée par une ou plusieurs tuyères installées dans la maçonnerie du convertisseur et protégées par un fluide protecteur contre une usure prématurée par brûlage, et que le jet de gaz sortant de l'orifice agit, sur un parcours notable, en tant que jet libre et aspire des gaz de réaction de l'enceinte du convertisseur avant de rencontrer la surface du bain dans le convertisseur.
8. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que lorsque l'oxygène est amené simultanément par une lance refroidie à l'eau et une ou plusieurs tuyères de soufflage du bain au moins un quart de la quantité totale d'oxygène est conduit par les tuyères de soufflage.
EP80107542A 1979-12-11 1980-12-03 Procédé de fabrication d'acier Expired EP0030360B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80107542T ATE5202T1 (de) 1979-12-11 1980-12-03 Stahlerzeugungsverfahren.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792951156 DE2951156A1 (de) 1979-12-11 1979-12-11 Verfahren zur waermezufuhr bei der stahlerzeugung im konverter
DE2951156 1979-12-11
DE3008145 1980-03-04
DE19803008145 DE3008145C2 (de) 1980-03-04 1980-03-04 Stahlerzeugungsverfahren

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0030360A2 EP0030360A2 (fr) 1981-06-17
EP0030360A3 EP0030360A3 (en) 1981-09-02
EP0030360B1 EP0030360B1 (fr) 1983-11-02
EP0030360B2 true EP0030360B2 (fr) 1988-09-28

Family

ID=25782505

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80107542A Expired EP0030360B2 (fr) 1979-12-11 1980-12-03 Procédé de fabrication d'acier

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4356035A (fr)
EP (1) EP0030360B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE5202T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU540799B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8008075A (fr)
CA (1) CA1147966A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ278884B6 (fr)
PL (1) PL228390A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4213007C1 (de) * 1992-04-21 1993-12-16 Tech Resources Pty Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abdichten von Düsen in der umgebenden feuerfesten Ausmauerung
WO2019158479A1 (fr) 2018-02-16 2019-08-22 Sms Group Gmbh Procédé d'affinage de métal fondu faisant appel à un convertisseur

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JPS5757816A (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-04-07 Kawasaki Steel Corp Steel making method by composite top and bottom blown converter
AU8474782A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-12-23 British Steel Corp. Refining of steel from pig iron
LU84390A1 (de) * 1982-09-27 1984-04-24 Arbed Verfahren und einrichtung zum beheizen eines mit schrott beschickten stahlbades
US4472195A (en) * 1983-08-15 1984-09-18 Olin Corporation Process for decarburizing alloy melts
DE3340472A1 (de) * 1983-11-09 1985-05-15 Axel Friedrich 6670 St Ingbert Gonschorek Ld-konverter mit nachverbrennung
JPS60184616A (ja) * 1984-03-02 1985-09-20 Kawasaki Steel Corp 撹拌用ガスとして一酸化炭素ガスを用いる転炉製鋼法
US4488903A (en) * 1984-03-14 1984-12-18 Union Carbide Corporation Rapid decarburization steelmaking process
US4582479A (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-04-15 The Cadre Corporation Fuel cooled oxy-fuel burner
US4599107A (en) * 1985-05-20 1986-07-08 Union Carbide Corporation Method for controlling secondary top-blown oxygen in subsurface pneumatic steel refining
DE3607777A1 (de) * 1986-03-08 1987-09-17 Kloeckner Cra Tech Verfahren zur stahlherstellung aus schrott
US4708738A (en) * 1986-04-01 1987-11-24 Union Carbide Corporation Method for refining very small heats of molten metal
US4647019A (en) * 1986-04-01 1987-03-03 Union Carbide Corporation Very small refining vessel
DE3629055A1 (de) * 1986-08-27 1988-03-03 Kloeckner Cra Tech Verfahren zum gesteigerten energieeinbringen in elektrolichtbogenoefen
AUPN226095A0 (en) 1995-04-07 1995-05-04 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method of producing metals and metal alloys
AUPO426396A0 (en) 1996-12-18 1997-01-23 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method of producing iron
AUPO426096A0 (en) 1996-12-18 1997-01-23 Technological Resources Pty Limited Method and apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
AUPO944697A0 (en) * 1997-09-26 1997-10-16 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method of producing metals and metal alloys
AUPP442598A0 (en) 1998-07-01 1998-07-23 Technological Resources Pty Limited Direct smelting vessel
AUPP483898A0 (en) 1998-07-24 1998-08-13 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process & apparatus
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AUPP554098A0 (en) 1998-08-28 1998-09-17 Technological Resources Pty Limited A process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
AUPP570098A0 (en) 1998-09-04 1998-10-01 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPP647198A0 (en) 1998-10-14 1998-11-05 Technological Resources Pty Limited A process and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
AUPP805599A0 (en) 1999-01-08 1999-02-04 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPQ083599A0 (en) 1999-06-08 1999-07-01 Technological Resources Pty Limited Direct smelting vessel
AUPQ152299A0 (en) 1999-07-09 1999-08-05 Technological Resources Pty Limited Start-up procedure for direct smelting process
AUPQ205799A0 (en) 1999-08-05 1999-08-26 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPQ213099A0 (en) 1999-08-10 1999-09-02 Technological Resources Pty Limited Pressure control
AUPQ308799A0 (en) 1999-09-27 1999-10-21 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting process
AUPQ346399A0 (en) 1999-10-15 1999-11-11 Technological Resources Pty Limited Stable idle procedure
AUPQ365799A0 (en) 1999-10-26 1999-11-18 Technological Resources Pty Limited A direct smelting apparatus and process
US6602321B2 (en) 2000-09-26 2003-08-05 Technological Resources Pty. Ltd. Direct smelting process
IL163666A0 (en) 2002-02-22 2005-12-18 New River Pharmaceuticals Inc Active agent delivery systems and methods for protecting and administering active agents
DE102019209109A1 (de) 2019-06-24 2020-12-24 Sms Group Gmbh Konverter und Verfahren zum Frischen geschmolzenen Metalls
DE102021128987A1 (de) 2021-11-08 2023-05-11 Rhm Rohstoff-Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Verfahren zum Umschmelzen von Eisenschwamm und/oder von heißgepresstem Eisenschwamm sowie von Schrott zu Rohstahl in einem Konverter

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US3854932A (en) * 1973-06-18 1974-12-17 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc Process for production of stainless steel
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US4195985A (en) * 1977-12-10 1980-04-01 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshutte Mbh. Method of improvement of the heat-balance in the refining of steel

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4213007C1 (de) * 1992-04-21 1993-12-16 Tech Resources Pty Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abdichten von Düsen in der umgebenden feuerfesten Ausmauerung
WO2019158479A1 (fr) 2018-02-16 2019-08-22 Sms Group Gmbh Procédé d'affinage de métal fondu faisant appel à un convertisseur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0030360A3 (en) 1981-09-02
AU6530280A (en) 1981-06-18
CZ278884B6 (en) 1994-08-17
CA1147966A (fr) 1983-06-14
BR8008075A (pt) 1981-06-30
ATE5202T1 (de) 1983-11-15
EP0030360A2 (fr) 1981-06-17
US4356035A (en) 1982-10-26
EP0030360B1 (fr) 1983-11-02
AU540799B2 (en) 1984-12-06
PL228390A1 (fr) 1981-08-07

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