Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
  • E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
  • E02D5/04—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of steel
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
  • E02D29/0266—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of preformed elements

Definitions

• Soil and/or water-retaining wall composed of prefabricated metal plate elements.
• the invention relates to a soil and/or waterretaining wall, composed of prefabricated metal plate elements having upstanding side edges which are interconnected in a soil and/or watertight manner.
• sheet pilings which are composed of steel sections
• both ends of these sections are provided with coupling means, which interconnect adjacent sections.
• the use of these sections leads to a relatively high consumption of steel and is therefore expensive, while in general the interconnected coupling means of adjacent sections can be made soil-tight in a rather easy manner, but it is difficult to make them water-tight. Further the sections often are subject to much friction in the coupling means during the introduction into the soil, which is a serious drawback and which may sometimes even lead to permanent damage of the sheet piling.
• the soil and/or water-retaining wall is characterized in that the plate elements are shell elements, which have at least approximately the shape of a portion of a cylinder surface with upstanding generating lines, the concave side of said shell elements functioning as the soil-retaining side, a prefabricated metal upright extending between successive shell elements, said upright comprising one or more chambers, which are filled with a hardenable material, such as cement grout, the ends of adjacent shell elements being inserted into said chambers through inlet slots.
• shell elements are used, which have at least substantially the shape of a portion of a cylinder surface and which are preferably at least approximately semi-cylindrical.
• metal shell elements which in general are made of steel, are positioned in such manner that they are subject to a tensile load in the transverse direction.
• the metal uprights which are usually made of steel, each comprise at least one chamber and preferably two chambers, which are filled with a hardenable material such, as cement grout after the introduction of the upright into the soil, e.g. by means of ramming or vibrating, but immediately before the introduction of the shell elements into the soil; after the hardening of the hardenable mass a strong soil-tight, but also water-tight connection between the ends of adjacent shell elements is obtained over the entire height of the shell elements.
• a hardenable material such, as cement grout
• the central portion of the shell elements is subject to a tensile load both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction at the location of the soil moment.
• the uprights are subject to a compression load in the vertical direction, the filling of hardenable mass having a supporting function in this respect.
• each shell element is thickened.
• the uprights may be provided with a lower loose or fixed bottom member, which closes the chambers at the lower side and which prevents soil particles from entering from this lower side during the introduction of the uprights into the soil.
• these inlet slots are resiliently closed prior to the insertion of the ends of the shell elements into the chambers.
• the uprights may advantageously protrude downwardly beyond the shell elements.
• the inlet slots may begin at the upper side of the upright and may end at a distance from the lower side thereof.
• each prefabricated upright consists of a U-section, to which a counterplate is connected, which extends over the entire height of the U-section, the central portion of said counter-plate resting against the web of the U-section, bent plate portions joining the central portion of the counterplate on both sides, the side flanges of the U-section extending into said bent plate portions, said bent plate portions each having an upstanding end edge which resiliently rests against the outer side of the relative side flange of the Usection prior to the introduction of the shell elements, each bent plate portion of the counterplate together with the Usection forming a chamber for the hardenable mass, whilst each upstanding end edge of the counterplate resiliently moves away from the outer side of the relative side flange of the U-section when the adjacent shell element is introduced into the soil, so that the inlet slot is released, the upstanding end edge of the counterplate resiliently resting against the relative end of the shell element after the shell element has been introduced into
• the shell elements may be provided at both sides with a hook shaped end, which is bent back in the outward direction and which receives the relative flange of the U-section of the adjacent upright.
• the lower portion of the upstanding end edges of the counterplate may be connected, e.g. by means of welding, to the oueer side of the side flanges of the U- section.
• each prefabricated upright consists of an upstanding main plate, to which two parallel upstanding sheet metal tubes are connected, e.g. by means of welding, said tubes extending over the entire height of the upstanding main plate and each defining a chamber for the hardenable mass, the inlet slot being formed in each sheet metal tube at the side remote from the upstanding main plate, said inlet slot extending from the upper edge of the sheet metal tube in the downward direction.
• a tube may be connected, e.g. by means of welding, to the ends of each shell element which are received in the chambers, which tube extends over the entire height of the shell element, the relative end of the shell element being inserted into this tube.
• This tube which is also internally filled with the hardenable mass, enlarges the surface of adhesion with respect to this hardenable mass and leads to an increased shearing strength.
• each shell element which are received in the chambers may be provided with, pins.
• the invention will hereafter be further elucidated with reference to the drawing, which shows several embodiments of a soil and/or water-retaining wall according to the invention by way of example.
• Fig. 1 is a top view, partly in section, of portions of a soil and/or water-retaining wall according to the invention, wherein two different types of uprights are shown.
• Fig. 2 is a partial section along the lines II-II in fig. 1 on a larger scale.
• Fig. 3 is a horizontal section. of the upright at the left-hand side of fig. 1 on a larger scale, the righthand part of fig. 3 showing this upright prior to the insertion of the end of a shell element into the co-operating chamber, whilst the left-hand part of fig. 3 shows this upright after the insertion of the end of the adjacent shell element into the co-operating chamber.
• Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the left-hand part of the upright at the right-hand side of fig. 1 on a larger scale.
• Fig. 5 shows the right-hand part of the upright according to fig. 4, wherein, however, a modified embodiment of the end of the adjacent shell element is represented which is inserted into the co-operating chamber.
• Fig. 1 shows two different embodiments of a soil and/or water-retaining wall according to the invention.
• Both embodiments are composed of prefabricated steel plate elements, which are formed as shell elements 1, which have at least approximately the shape of a semi-cylinder, the generating lines of these semi-cylindrical shell elements 1 extending vertically.
• the concave sides of the shell elements 1 function as the soil retaining side, so that the building excavation is positioned at the convex side of these shell elements 1.
• Prefabricated steel uprights 2 extend between successive shell elements 1, fig. 1 showing two different embodiments of these uprights.
• fig. 3 The embodiment of the upright 2 at the left-hand side of fig. 1 is shown in fig. 3 on a larger scale, whilst fig. 4 shows the embodiment of the upright 2 at the righthand side of fig. 1 on a larger scale.
• the prefabricated upright 2 according to fig. 3 consists of a U-section 3, as well as of a counterplate 4, which extends over the entire height of the U-section 3.
• the central portion 5 of the counterplate 4, which may have a width of 5 - 10 cm, rests against the web 6 of the U-section 3 and is connected thereto with an adjustable clamping force by means of bolts and nuts 7 and with the use of a deformable clamping plate 8.
• Bent plate portions 9 join the central portion 5 of the counterplate 4 on both sides, the relative side flange 10 of the U-section 3 extending into each bent plate portion, said bent plate portions having an upstanding end edge 11, which resiliently rests against the outer side of this relative side flange 10 prior to the introduction of a shell element 1.
• Each bent plate portion 9 of the counterplate 4 together with the U-section 3 forms a chamber 12 for a hardenable material 13, such as cement grout or the like.
• Each upstanding end edge 11 of the counterplate 4 of an upright 2 resiliently moves away from the outer side of the relative side flange 10 of the U-section 3 when the adjacent shell element 1 is introduced into the soil, so that an inlet slot 14 is released, through which the end of the adjacent shell element 1 is inserted into the chamber 12 from the upper side. After the shell element 1 is introduced into the soil (fig. 3, left-hand side) the upstanding end edge 11 resiliently rests against the relative end of the adjacent shell element 1.
• a plurality of uprights 2 are introduced into the soil, which may e.g. take place by means of ramming or vibrating.
• the uprights 2 are provided with a lower bottom plate (not shown), which may be loose or fixed thereto and which closes the chambers 12 and thus prevents ground particles from entering the chambers 12 from the lower side. This is of importance for obtaining a good adhesion between the hardenable mass 13 and the upright 2, as well as between the hardenable mass and the ends of the adjacent shell elements 1, whilst it is prevented that the quality of the hardenable mass 13 would be decreased by penetrated ground particles.
• the chambers 12 of an upright 2 which is already positioned in the soil, is filled with the hardenable material 13, such as cement grout or the like.
• the height of a soil and/or water retaining wall according to the invention may for instance amount to 20 m.
• the uprights 2 may protrude downwardly beyond the shell elements 1 over a certain height, for instance a height of 30 cm - 1 m.
• inlet slots 14 which begin at the upper side of the upright 2 and which, end at a certain distance from the lower side of the upright 2, so that in the embodiment according to fig. 3 the lower portion (for instance the lower 30 cm - 1 m) of the upstanding end edges 11 of the counterplate 4 can be permanently welded to the outer side of the side flanges 10 of the Usection 3.
• the shell elements 1 are provided on either side with a hook shaped end 15, which is bent back in the outward direction, and which receives the relative side flange 10 of the U-section 3 of the adjacent upright 2.
• the bent plate portions 9 of the counterplate 4 may be roughened at the side, which defines the chambers 12, in order to increase the transfer of the shearing stress onto the hardenable mass 13.
• the uprights 2 are anchored in the soil at one or more levels.
• the anchor rods 16 may engage the uprights 2 at the central portion as shown in fig. 1
• the lower portion 17 of the shell elements 1 may be thickened (fig. 2).
• the lower edge 18 of the shell elements 1 is bevelled in such manner that the soil exerts an outwardly directed force on this lower edge 18 during the introduction of a shell element 1 into the soil.
• the central upstanding portion 19 of each shell element 1 is thickened. This thickened central portion 19 of each shell element 1 has the same thickness as the lower portion 17 and smoothly passes into this lower portion both at the inner and at the outer side. As particularly shown in figs. 1 and 2 the thickenings of the lower portion 17 and of the central upstanding portion 19 of the shell elements 1 are positioned at the outer side of these shell elements 1.
• the soil and/or water-retaining wall Due to the fact that the shell elements 1 and the uprights 2 are made of steel, the soil and/or water-retaining wall has a large elasticity. Neither deformations, nor differences in deformation will decrease the strength or the soiland/or water-tightness of the wall.
• Figs. 4 and 5 show a modified embodiment of the prefabricated upright 2.
• This upright 2 consists of an upstanding main plate 20, to which two parallel upstanding, at least approximately cylindrical, steel tubes 21 are welded. These tubes 21 extend over the entire height of the main plate 20 and each define a chamber 12 for the harden- able mass 13 again.
• the inlet slot 14 is formed in each tube 21 at the side remote from the main plate 20, which inlet slot extends from the upper edge of the tube 21 in the downward direction and may end at a distance above the lower edge of the tube 21. Again the inlet slots 14 in the tubes 21 are resiliently closed, prior to the introduction of the shell elements 1 into the soil.
• each end of the shell elements 1 is provided with a plurality of pins 22, which have the object to increase the surface of adhesion with the hardenable mass 13 and to also increase the shearing strength.
• a feeler tube 23 is connected to the lower portion of the end of each shell element 1, which is received within a chamber 12, the end. of the shell element 1 being inserted into this feeler tube, which is filled with the hardenable mass 13 upon the insertion into the chamber 12.
• Fig. 5 shows another embodiment of the end of the shell elements 1.
• a tube 24 is welded to the end of each shell element 1, which is received within a chamber 12, which tube extends over the entire height of the shell element, the relative end of the shell element 1 being inserted into this tube, this tube being filled with the hardenable mass 13 during the introduction of this end into the chamber 12. It is an object of this tube 24 again to increase the surface of adhesion of the end of a shell element 1 with the harden- able mass 13 in order to increase the shearing strength.
• Horizontal strips 25 are welded between the tubes 21 and lie at a distance one above the other, which strips are parallel to the main plate 20 and serve to reinforce the upright 2.
• the spacing between the strips 25 may for instance be 1 m.
• the anchor rods 16 may engage the main plate 20 as well as one of these strips 25 (fig. 1) .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
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• 1979
  • 1979-04-09 NL NL7902756A patent/NL7902756A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1980
  • 1980-04-04 WO PCT/NL1980/000011 patent/WO1980002168A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1980-04-04 GB GB8038855A patent/GB2058876B/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-04-04 JP JP50090880A patent/JPS56500387A/ja active Pending
  • 1980-10-23 EP EP19800900756 patent/EP0026782B1/de not_active Expired

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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