EP0025124B1 - Arrangement for transport and/or control of parts movable along a path - Google Patents

Arrangement for transport and/or control of parts movable along a path Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0025124B1
EP0025124B1 EP80104701A EP80104701A EP0025124B1 EP 0025124 B1 EP0025124 B1 EP 0025124B1 EP 80104701 A EP80104701 A EP 80104701A EP 80104701 A EP80104701 A EP 80104701A EP 0025124 B1 EP0025124 B1 EP 0025124B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
track
article
several
permanent magnet
magnetic
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Expired
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EP80104701A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0025124A1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Kaiser
Thomas Kaiser
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Kaiser Helmut Dipl-Ing
Kaiser Thomas
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Kaiser Helmut Dipl-Ing
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Priority to AT80104701T priority Critical patent/ATE20644T1/en
Publication of EP0025124A1 publication Critical patent/EP0025124A1/en
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Publication of EP0025124B1 publication Critical patent/EP0025124B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H18/00—Highways or trackways for toys; Propulsion by special interaction between vehicle and track
    • A63H18/10—Highways or trackways for toys; Propulsion by special interaction between vehicle and track with magnetic means for steering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for the conveyance and / or control of parts that can be moved along a track, such as a vehicle, and the associated parts.
  • Playgrounds in the form of a motorway or the like are known, with the cars driving and being guided along the train. It is disadvantageous here that either mechanical means must be provided for the transmission of the driving force, for. B. in such a way that a drive pin of the vehicle meshes with a rotating spiral located in a slot.
  • An electric motor drive of the toy vehicles is also known, the track having one or more busbars in slots or thereon, on which the power take-off grinder of the toy vehicle slides.
  • the disadvantage here is the considerable mechanical and / or electrical complexity, which is reflected both in the relatively high weight of the vehicles and in the expensive production costs.
  • the vehicles provided with a direct drive connection to the train can only be operated by the magnetic field if they are located within the coil, since otherwise the magnetic field lines run in the direction of the axis of rotation and perpendicular to the N-S polarity of their magnet.
  • This prior publication also does not disclose any steering of these vehicles, but only general controls in the sense of triggering a switching process, acoustic signals or the like.
  • the object of the invention is to design a system and associated parts according to the preamble of claim 1, without the need to provide a battery or a complete motor in the part to be transported, in such a way that parts with a sufficiently strong torque, in particular small ones Vehicles can be operated that run directly on the track and thus above the spool.
  • the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 To solve this problem, starting from the features of the preamble of claim 1, the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the design of the permanent magnets in wheel form or as a shaft and their magnetization in the wheel or shaft diameter takes advantage of the given volume and results in a small size Space a relatively strong torque, making the arrangement according to the invention particularly for driving small parts, for. B. very small, only a few centimeters long toy vehicles, or the like parts.
  • These permanent magnets can be produced at a lower cost than the rods according to DE-B-1 079 516.
  • the type and arrangement of the magnetic field described in claim 1 with respect to the axis of rotation of the permanent magnet or magnets allows them to be driven while running on the track itself.
  • magnetic steering of the part can be provided by itself or in combination with the aforementioned arrangement for conveying the part.
  • a complete motor does not have to be provided for its transport or for its steering. No battery is required there either.
  • the receiving element in the form of one or more rotating permanent magnets can convert the power transmitted to them from the respective magnetic field directly or via simple transmission means into the drive or control of the part, in particular a toy vehicle.
  • one or more rotating permanent magnet (s) can be designed as the drive wheel or drive shaft of the toy vehicle.
  • the drive shaft can be circular Have cross-section. In this case it can run directly on the track.
  • Another advantage of the smallness of such vehicles, and thus the associated train, made possible by the invention is that the system can also be set up in a relatively small space.
  • the problem with the previously known railway systems has always been that they required a relatively large area for installation, but which is often not available in an apartment.
  • the web can be divided into individual web elements that can be mechanically and electrically connected to one another. Power transmission with high efficiency through a stray field is achieved with the simplest means.
  • many drives that is to say many parts, in particular toy vehicles and / or associated controls, can be operated at the same time with a web or spools. By arranging a corresponding number of coils one behind the other, translatory and continuous conveyance of the parts along the path is achieved.
  • a coil can contain one or more turns.
  • the speeds achieved can be varied within a wide range.
  • the principle of the invention is used either to transmit the drive power or to control the part, e.g. B. for steering a toy vehicle, or for both aforementioned functions (power transmission and control).
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a web in plan view with the web omitted
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 shows another embodiment of a web, likewise with the web omitted 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3,
  • FIGS. 1 shows a first embodiment of a web in plan view with the web omitted
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 shows another embodiment of a web
  • likewise with the web omitted 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3
  • FIGS. 11-21 design options for toy vehicles according to the invention
  • FIGS. 22-24 design options for controls 25 a further embodiment of the invention for operating lighting
  • FIG. 26 a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 27-29 further exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 and 2 shows z. B. existing plastic track elements 1 of a certain length, which can be provided laterally with guide edges 2 for the vehicles.
  • coils 4 which are wound around iron parts 5 and thus generate the stray field 6 electromagnetically (see FIG. 2).
  • the iron 5 in this example consists of a corresponding number of bent wires, but the invention is not limited to this.
  • further iron parts e.g. B. wires 7 are inserted.
  • the track elements are interconnectable, e.g. B. in such a way that a push-button-like, projecting connecting element 8 and a recess 9 for receiving the element 8 of the adjacent track element is provided on each end edge, which widens towards the inside.
  • the web elements can be connected at their front ends with a snap action, which at the same time also prevents the web elements from rotating relative to one another about their longitudinal axis.
  • the parts 8, 9 are on both sides and symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis 10 of the track element.
  • an ironless wire loop 13 is provided within the housing 1, which is the same as that of the example of FIGS. 1, 2, which, like the coils 4 connected in series in the example of FIGS. 1, 2, is electrically connected via the Connecting means 8, 9 are connected to the coils of the adjacent track elements, so that here, too, the connecting means 8, 9 serve not only for the mechanical coupling, but also for the electrical connection.
  • the stray field 14 generated by the wire loop 13 is also shown in FIG. 4. It runs, as a comparison with FIG. 2 shows, due to the different coil arrangement differently than in the example of FIGS. 1, 2.
  • permanent magnets are provided, which according to FIGS horizontal and transverse to the longitudinal direction of the alternating field are driven.
  • Vehicles with a Position of the magnet according to FIGS. 12 to 15, on the other hand, would not be arranged above the wire loop 13 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, but rather either outside or in the middle of the loop in such a way that it emerges in the region of the one that emerges perpendicularly from the path or perpendicularly next to it field lines running along the path (see e.g. according to the vertical arrow in Fig. 4).
  • the latter variant of the invention is not shown in the drawing.
  • the arrows 35 in FIG. 2 and arrows 47 in FIG. 4 represent the image for a direct current polarity of the windings or the image for a moment of the alternating current phase, which is reversed in the next half-wave.
  • the arrows 46 in FIGS. 2 and 46 'in FIG. 4 show the vectorially added field direction, likewise phase-dependent.
  • Fig. 11 shows to explain the principle of the invention on a path indicated by 31 a permanent magnet 32 in the form of a cylindrical roller, for. B. a hard ferrite magnet, the diametrical polarity of which is indicated in each case by N and S and can be seen in more detail from the end view of FIG. 12 (according to arrow 33) and the side view of FIG. 13 (according to arrow 34).
  • Its axis of rotation 32 'runs parallel to the support surface and transversely to the direction of travel.
  • Such a permanent magnet is moved by the field lines of the alternating electromagnetic field emerging perpendicularly from the web surface, as indicated by the arrows 35 in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 schematically shows the permanent magnet 32 according to FIGS. 11-13 with the associated track 31 and a friction wheel (not shown) which is driven by the permanent magnet and is either on its axis.
  • the whole can be arranged in a housing 39, which is only indicated by dash-dotted lines and is modeled on a toy vehicle.
  • the movement of such a vehicle runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 14.
  • the friction wheel drive could, however, according to FIG. 14 also take place in such a way that an axle stub 40 attached to the permanent magnet in the extension of the magnetic axis drives the correspondingly larger friction wheel 38. Due to this reduction, the speed of the vehicle is reduced accordingly.
  • the alternating electromagnetic field must have a component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the magnet.
  • the longitudinal axis 41 'of the permanent magnet 41 extends in the direction of travel indicated by arrow 42.
  • An axle stub 43 of the permanent magnet drives a crown wheel 44 of the wheel axis 45.
  • a toy vehicle or the like equipped with such a permanent magnet 41 will have to be accommodated on a track of the roadway over which the field lines run wholly or partly perpendicularly or transversely to the direction of travel, e.g. B. in area 46 of the field lines 2, or 48 'of the field lines in Fig. -4
  • a "magnetic rack" could also be provided (see Figs. 27 and 28).
  • a permanent magnet 48 with an inclined axis 49 is shown.
  • a vehicle equipped with such a permanent magnet can run on tracks that are approximately vertical Field lines are traversed, as well as on track tracks, over which the field lines run approximately horizontally, because due to the inclined position of the axis, the permanent magnet is put into circulation by vertical and horizontal field lines of an alternating field 18.
  • the permanent magnet 48 runs with the edge of a spherical stub shaft 51 on the track 18, which results in a reduction which can be varied by pivoting the axis.
  • a toy vehicle or the like can determine which track or which one strip-shaped section of the path the part is intended to move. If you go z. B. from a track according to FIGS. 1 and 2, toy vehicles or the like would move with permanent magnets in an arrangement according to FIGS. 11-14 at the edge of the track, where the field lines occur vertically. A toy vehicle or the like with permanent magnets in an arrangement according to FIG. 15 would also be able to travel in the middle of the path in which the field lines run horizontally, while a toy vehicle or the like with a permanent magnet in the arrangement according to FIGS. 16-18 both could drive on the right edge, as well as in the middle.
  • a vehicle housing 52 which is only indicated schematically here, a permanent magnet 54 mounted therein with the axis 53, the rotational movement of which is transmitted to a friction wheel 55 and from there to the tread 56, whereby the vehicle is moved in the direction of travel perpendicular to the plane of the drawing .
  • the friction wheel 55 can be pushed back and forth on an axis 55 'according to the arrows 57, as a result of which the translation and also the direction of travel can be changed continuously.
  • the displacement of the wheel 55 along the axis 55 ' can be done from the outside by means not shown, for. B. by magnetic control. By turning the whole thing about a vertical axis, the vehicle can be steered.
  • one or more permanent magnets can be provided per vehicle.
  • the design of the permanent magnets as a wheel roller or wheels of a toy vehicle or the like in the basic arrangement according to FIGS. 11-14 is particularly advantageous.
  • This embodiment is characterized by its constructive simplicity, in which only a very small housing of a vehicle or the like is provided and must be equipped with the permanent magnets which are also designed as wheels. So shows z. B.
  • Fig. 5a a vehicle housing with two permanent magnets 58, as wheels, which are influenced by the approximately perpendicularly emerging from the iron parts 5 'field lines.
  • the vehicles shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 can also be operated.
  • FIG. 21 shows how a housing 59 with a permanent magnet 60 can be inserted into an opening in the vehicle floor 61. This can be done in the form of a so-called "buttoning with snap or snap action (not shown in detail).
  • stub axles 63 are provided, which are mounted in the housing 59 or in the housing base 64.
  • the lower axle stub 63 ends in an exchangeable friction wheel 65 which runs on the road surface 66 and thereby drives the vehicle.
  • the analogous arrangement can serve to actuate a steering deflection. In this regard, reference is made in detail to the explanations below.
  • the wheel shaft 67 is a z. B. plastic intermediate part 68 rotatably connected to a permanent magnet 69 which, like the other permanent magnets, is diametrically magnetized (N-S).
  • N-S diametrically magnetized
  • the arrangement explained above is pivotably mounted in the housing 71 of the vehicle via a wire pin 70.
  • a correspondingly polarized direct current component in the coils of the track generates a magnetic pulse which is superimposed on the alternating magnetic field and rotates the permanent magnet 69 either to the left or to the right.
  • the wheel shaft 67 is pivoted accordingly. This swiveling movement can be limited by interchangeable stop stops 72, 73.
  • the stop stops are designed so that the axis can be pivoted in the direction of the arrow to the left (L), but not to the right (direction of the arrow R), since the stop on the front edge of the stop stop 72 opposes this.
  • the vehicle traveling on the track e.g. item 1
  • the axis 67 is pivoted to the left by a direct current, so that the vehicle travels according to arrow 75 to the opposite leading edge 2 of the carriageway on the left in FIG. 25 and then glides along it.
  • the previous steering deflection can be produced again by a countercurrent or by the elimination of the direct current, so that, due to the predetermined right turn, the vehicle again drives to the leading edge 2 on the right in FIG. 24.
  • a second vehicle is with permanent magnet ten 69 with opposite polarity and is only brought to the steering deflection if an oppositely polarized direct current is given.
  • the second possibility can also be used to actuate the gear shift or stepping mechanisms.
  • the arrangement can be reversed, ie the stops 73 and 72 are interchanged and the vehicle has a slight left-hand steering when driving straight ahead. Then it first drives on the left leading edge and after a direct current it reaches the right leading edge. This is how you can overtake.
  • FIGS. 9, 9a can also be understood from the above explanation relating to FIGS. 22-24.
  • a switch tongue 27 with north poles pointing upward is possibly provided under the roadway 76 so that it can move.
  • An arriving vehicle 77 with N-S diametrically magnetized permanent magnet 69 is steered to the right if its part polarized with N is on the right of it when it arrives at the switch tongue, since this repels the N poles of tongue 27.
  • a deflection of the vehicle into path branch 76 ' can be achieved if the vehicle is first steered to the left leading edge of path 76, since the repulsion of the N poles then causes a steering deflection to the left.
  • the stop stops for limiting the steering swivel movement are to be arranged according to the desired or possible steering deflections.
  • a correspondingly polarized guide magnet 80 of a vehicle 77 not provided with a separate steering system is influenced in a corresponding manner by the switch tongue 27. If a magnet 79, which is polarized in the same way as the magnet 80, is provided at the rear of the preceding vehicle, said magnet being offset somewhat to the right from the center line and the magnet 80 is displaced somewhat to the left from the center line, both magnets act when the rear vehicle approaches the front vehicle in the manner of an automatic overtaking by automatically pushing the vehicle arriving from behind to the left.
  • a 3-pole switch tongue can also be provided, which, for. B. in the middle of N poles and left and right each have a stripe with S poles (not shown). This results in a particularly exact guidance z. B. the magnetic pin or pin 80, which has the poles at its ends.
  • the steering magnet 69 can also be rotated by 180 ° by the operator, so that the steering behavior of this vehicle with respect to the track is reversed accordingly.
  • the stray field effect of the coils 4 can also be used for lighting, in particular with the light-emitting diodes (LED) 81, via a soft ferrite core or the like 79 and a coil 80.
  • LED light-emitting diodes
  • FIG. 26 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 26.
  • a path 82 there are coils 4 with iron 5 and additional iron wires or the like 7.
  • the magnetic stray field 6 collecting iron parts / ferrites 84 which conduct to the permanent magnet 83.
  • the permanent magnet can induce a winding 85 which operates lighting.
  • a certain summary of the leakage flux and supply line to the permanent magnet and thus an increase in efficiency is achieved, so that such an arrangement is particularly recommended for high-speed racing vehicles and the like.
  • vehicles can be provided not only as replicas of motor vehicles, but also those of helicopters, ships and the like.
  • Motorbikes can also be run on such a track, provided that the magnetic bikes that drive them have sufficiently wide running surfaces and run over tracks in which they are supported by attraction of the underlying iron routes. This prevents the motorcycle from tipping over.
  • the power transmission should be designed so that the torque generated by the permanent magnets is greater than the frictional torque to the road, so that after a car collapse and a resulting standstill of the vehicle, the vehicles can restart and rotate.
  • An increase in the frequency of the alternating field, e.g. B. by a frequency generator has both a correspondingly larger transformer effect, as well as a correspondingly higher rotational speed of the respective permanent magnet. If there are several rows of coils next to one another in a path, each row being electrically independent of the other rows, the vehicles or the like running on them can be accelerated by changing the frequency of a row of coils, e.g. B. if a vehicle of the other row of coils is to be overhauled.
  • the explained overtaking possibilities are made considerably easier by the freedom of contact of the vehicles.
  • a speed of 5 km / h is achieved in one group
  • another vehicle group can drive correspondingly faster by the above-mentioned frequency increase.
  • the rotors must be synchronized to their respective frequencies when starting. It would make sense Vehicles with the higher operating frequency are started first.
  • the flowing traffic comes with a speed range of e.g. B. 1: 2. So the vehicles would: etc. work. Therefore, their speed does not have to be very different, because different reductions could compensate. Because of the frequency-proportional increase in power, smaller magnets are also sufficient for vehicles with higher frequencies.
  • FIGS. 27-29 shows a permanent magnetic strip 11a in addition to the coils not shown here. which is alternately N-S polarized.
  • the dividing lines between the magnetic parts polarized with N and the magnetic parts polarized with S run obliquely, i. H. at an acute angle to the direction of travel. This can be achieved either in the example in FIG. 28 by means of appropriately shaped magnetic strips with oblique side edges or in the example in FIG. 29 by arranging a plurality of longitudinal magnetic strips with individual N-S rectangular pieces which are in each case offset from one another.
  • a permanent magnet 41 which is set in rotation by the alternating field of the coil, is drawn either forwards or backwards along the permanent magnet strip 11a, depending on the position of its poles, and is quasi pulled along a magnetic rack along this strip.
  • the mechanical power transmission from the magnet to the track is replaced by a magnetic power transmission.
  • the longitudinal axis of the permanent magnet should have at least one component parallel to the path.
  • the magnetic strip 11a can be glued to the web 18 (FIG. 27, right half) or be located below it (FIG. 27, left half).
  • the speed of the vehicle can be reduced by reducing the pole spacing in the magnetic stripe (see Fig. 29 top third).
  • a further magnet can also be provided in the vehicle, which serves as a servo motor for operating a turn signal, switching a transmission or the like and can be operated either from a separate frequency, in particular a low frequency, or also from the permanent magnets of the magnetic strip 11a. It can thus also be used to achieve a start-up process if such a vehicle is pushed over such magnetic strips.

Abstract

1. Apparatus for transporting and steering movable articles (12) as f.e. toy cars, along a track (11, 18, 22, 26, 31) at which the propelling force is transmitted from the track (11, 18, 22, 26, 31) by means of a contactless electro-magnetic field to at least one permanent magnet (32, 41, 48, 54, 58, 60, 83) serving as a receiver in the movable article (12) rotating by the influence of the field characterised in that the permanent magnet or the permanent magnets (31, 41, 48, 54, 58, 60, 83) are configured in the form of a wheel or a shaft and magnetised in the direction of the shaft or wheel-diameter, that the track (18) comprises a plurality of track elements (1) which have one or several coils (4, 4', 13, 15) which can be electrically and mechanically connected and that the coils (4, 4', 13, 15) create an alternating field for transport and/or a direct field for steering, especially guiding of the movable part (12).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Beförderung und/oder Steuerung von entlang einer Bahn wie ein Fahrzeug bewegbaren Teilen und die zugehörigen Teile gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a system for the conveyance and / or control of parts that can be moved along a track, such as a vehicle, and the associated parts.

Man kennt zwar Spielanlagen in Form einer Autobahn oder dergleichen, wobei die Autos entlang der Bahn fahren und geführt werden. Hierbei ist es nachteilig, daß für die Übertragung der Antriebskraft entweder mechanische Mittel vorgesehen sein müssen, z. B. in der Weise, daß ein Antriebsdorn des Fahrzeuges mit einer in einem Schlitz befindlichen und rotierenden Spirale kämmt. Auch ist ein elektromotorischer Antrieb der Spielfahrzeuge bekannt, wobei die Bahn in Schlitzen oder darauf eine oder mehrere Stromschienen aufweist, auf der Stromabnahmeschleifer des Spielfahrzeuges gleiten. Nachteilig ist auch hierbei der erhebliche mechanische und/oder elektrische Aufwand, der sich sowohl in einem relativ hohen Gewicht der Fahrzeuge, als auch in teuren Herstellungskosten niederschlägt. Bei Bahnen, welche den Strom durch Schleifer von Schienen abnehmen, kommt hinzu, daß die hierbei entstehende Funkenbildung zu empfindlichen Störungen des Radio- und Fernsehempfangs führt. Zum Antrieb von Spielfahrzeugen sind auch sogenannte Linearmotoren bekannt, die aber einen recht erheblichen mechanischen und elektrischen Aufwand erfordern und bei einem translatorisch nicht bewegten Empfangsorgan keine Leistung auf dieses übertragen können.Playgrounds in the form of a motorway or the like are known, with the cars driving and being guided along the train. It is disadvantageous here that either mechanical means must be provided for the transmission of the driving force, for. B. in such a way that a drive pin of the vehicle meshes with a rotating spiral located in a slot. An electric motor drive of the toy vehicles is also known, the track having one or more busbars in slots or thereon, on which the power take-off grinder of the toy vehicle slides. The disadvantage here is the considerable mechanical and / or electrical complexity, which is reflected both in the relatively high weight of the vehicles and in the expensive production costs. In the case of railways which take the current off the rails by means of grinders, there is also the fact that the resulting sparking leads to sensitive interference in radio and television reception. So-called linear motors are also known for driving toy vehicles, but they require a considerable mechanical and electrical effort and cannot transmit power to a receiving element that is not moved in translation.

Aus der DE-B-1 079 516 ist ein mit Fernsteuerung betriebenes Fahrspielzeug mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1 bekannt. Die dort vorgesehenen Permanentmagneten haben nur eine Stabform mit einer Magnetisierung in der Stabrichtung. Dies wirkt sich zunächst ungünstig auf die Größe des Drehmomentes aus, wodurch eine sehr schlechte Ausnutzung des durch die Rotation benötigten Raumes bzw. Volumens gegeben ist, das von einem elektromagnetischen Feld bestimmter Größe über den Magneten auf das Fahrzeug übertragbar ist. Soweit in dieser Vorveröffentlichung mit einem solchen Magneten ausgestattete Fahrzeuge gezeigt sind, erlaubt die dort vorgesehene und offenbarte Anordnung nur die Bewegung eines schwimmenden Schiffes oberhalb einer Bahn. Die mit einer direkten Antriebsverbindung zur Bahn versehenen Fahrzeuge sind bei der dort offenbarten Anordnung durch das Magnetfeld nur dann betreibbar, wenn sie sich innerhalb der Spule befinden, da andernfalls die Magnetfeldlinien in Richtung der Drehachse und senkrecht zur N-S-Polarität ihres Magneten verlaufen. Auch offenbart diese Vorveröffentlichung keine Lenkung dieser Fahrzeuge, sondern nur allgemeine Steuerungen im Sinne der Auslösung eines Schaltvorganges, akustischer Signale oder dergleichen.From DE-B-1 079 516 a remote control operated toy with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known. The permanent magnets provided there only have a rod shape with magnetization in the direction of the rod. This initially has an unfavorable effect on the size of the torque, as a result of which there is very poor utilization of the space or volume required by the rotation, which can be transmitted to the vehicle by the magnets from an electromagnetic field of a specific size. Insofar as vehicles equipped with such a magnet are shown in this prior publication, the arrangement provided and disclosed there allows only the movement of a floating ship above a track. In the arrangement disclosed there, the vehicles provided with a direct drive connection to the train can only be operated by the magnetic field if they are located within the coil, since otherwise the magnetic field lines run in the direction of the axis of rotation and perpendicular to the N-S polarity of their magnet. This prior publication also does not disclose any steering of these vehicles, but only general controls in the sense of triggering a switching process, acoustic signals or the like.

Die « transformatorische Übertragung der Antriebsenergie von der bewickelten magnetisierbaren Lauffläche auf die Sekundärwicklung im Fahrzeug samt deren Eisenkern - geht natürlich am besten wenn letzterer « auf der Platte schleift und zwar zeigt die passive Empfangsspule samt ihren Gegenamperewindungen kaum die Wirkung zum Betreiben eines Motors.The «transformer transmission of the drive energy from the wound magnetizable running surface to the secondary winding in the vehicle, including its iron core - works best if the latter grinds on the plate, of course, and the passive receiving coil, together with its counter-amps, hardly shows the effect of operating a motor.

Bereits Patent, DE-C-941 659 vom 9.4.49 zeigt auf, daß auch die Empfangsspule aktiviert werden muß, um einigermaßen Erfolg haben zu können, durch Gestaltung als Elektromagnet.Already patent, DE-C-941 659 from 9.4.49 shows that the receiving coil must also be activated in order to be able to be reasonably successful by being designed as an electromagnet.

Als Permanentmagnet gemäß Anmeldung in gedrungener Form besonders, als Rotor, ist der Empfänger unvergleichlich viel wirkungsvoller. Er nimmt die Streuenergie aus viel größerem Feldvolumen auf und wirkt als Läufer eines Synchronmotors, resonanzähnlich, solanger « im Tritt = läuft. Legt man um den Permanentrotor zusätzlich eine Spule so kann man dem Rotor außer der Antriebsleistung noch Strom entnehmen z. B. zur Beleuchtung.The receiver is incomparably more effective as a permanent magnet according to the application in compact form, especially as a rotor. It absorbs the stray energy from a much larger field volume and acts as a rotor of a synchronous motor, resonance-like, as long as «in a step = runs. If you put a coil around the permanent rotor, you can also take current from the rotor in addition to the drive power. B. for lighting.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht demgegenüber darin, eine Anlage und zugehörende Teile gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, ohne daß im zu befördernden Teil eine Batterie oder ein vollständiger Motor vorgesehen sein muß, so auszugestalten, daß mit einem genügend starken Drehmoment Teile und zwar insbesondere kleine Fahrzeuge betreibbar sind, die dabei unmittelbar auf der Bahn und damit oberhalb der Spule laufen.In contrast, the object of the invention is to design a system and associated parts according to the preamble of claim 1, without the need to provide a battery or a complete motor in the part to be transported, in such a way that parts with a sufficiently strong torque, in particular small ones Vehicles can be operated that run directly on the track and thus above the spool.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen, ausgehend von den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Anspruches 1, die Merkmale des Kennzeichens des Anspruches 1. Die Ausbildung der Permanentmagnete in Radform oder als Welle und ihre Magnetisierung im Rad- oder Wellendurchmesser nützt das gegebene Volumen aus und ergibt auf kleinem Raum ein relativ starkes Drehmoment, womit sich die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung insbesondere zum Antrieb kleiner Teile, z. B. sehr kleiner, nur einige Zentimeter langer Spielfahrzeuge, oder dergleichen Teile eignet. Diese Permanentmagnete sind mit geringeren Kosten herstellbar als die Stäbe gemäß DE-B-1 079 516. Die im Anspruch 1 umschriebene Art und Anordnung des Magnetfeldes in Bezug auf die Drehachse des bzw. der Permanentmagnete erlaubt deren Antrieb beim Lauf auf der Bahn selber. Schließlich kann für sich oder in Kombination mit der vorgenannten Anordnung zur Beförderung des Teiles eine Magnetlenkung.des Teiles vorgesehen sein. Im zu befördernden Teil muß weder für dessen Beförderung noch für dessen Lenkung ein vollständiger Motor vorgesehen sein. Auch ist dort keine Batterie erforderlich. Dies trägt weiter dazu bei, den Aufbau des zu fördernden Teiles zu vereinfachen und dessen Größe zu verringern. Das Empfangsorgan in Form eines oder mehrerer sich drehender Permanentmagnete kann vom jeweiligen Magnetfeld auf sie übertragene Leistung unmittelbar oder über einfache Übertragungsmittel in den Antrieb oder die Steuerung des Teiles, insbesondere eines Spielfahrzeuges umsetzen. So können gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein oder mehrere sich drehende Permanentmagnet(e) als Antriebsrad oder Antriebswelle des Spielfahrzeuges ausgebildet sein. Die Antriebswelle kann einen kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweisen. In diesem Fall kann sie direkt auf der Bahn laufen. Es sind keine Vorrichtungen zur mechanischen Kraftübertragung von der Bahn auf das zu befördernde oder zu steuernde Teil und auch keine Schleifkontakte erforderlich, wodurch die geschilderten Nachteile entfallen. Dies ist auch Voraussetzung dafür, daß man batterie- und motorlose Teile, insbesondere die erläuterten Spielfahrzeuge von geringem Gewicht und geringer Abmessung verwenden kann, denn eine mechanische Kraftübertragung oder die Abnahme von elektrischem Strom durch Schleifer setzt voraus, daß das jeweilige Teil bzw. Fahrzeug mit einem gewissen Gewicht auf den Kraftübertragungsmitteln bzw. der Stromschiene aufliegt. Der fabrikatorische Aufwand für eine solche Anlage, insbesondere eine Bahnanlage mit zugehörigen Spielfahrzeugen ist sehr gering, wodurch sich die Herstellungskosten entsprechend reduzieren. Dem kommt auch der oben beschriebene Umstand entgegen, daß nach der Erfindung ausgebildete Spielfahrzeuge sehr klein sein können. Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser mit der Erfindung ermöglichten Kleinheit solcher Fahrzeuge und damit der zugehörigen Bahn liegt darin, daß die Anlage auch auf einem verhältnismäßig kleinen Raum aufgestellt werden kann. Bei den bisher bekannten Bahnanlagen bestand immer das Problem, daß diese zum Aufstellen eine verhältnismäßig große Fläche verlangten, die aber oft in einer Wohnung nicht zur Verfügung steht. Die Bahn kann in einzelne miteinander mechanisch und elektrisch verbindbare Bahnelemente unterteilt werden. Es wird mit einfachsten Mitteln eine Leistungsübertragung mit hohem Wirkungsgrad durch ein Streufeld erzielt. Dabei können mit einer Bahn bzw. Spulen zugleich viele Antriebe also viele Teile, insbesondere Spielfahrzeuge und/oder zugehörige Steuerungen betrieben werden. Durch die Anordnung einer entsprechenden Anzahl von Spulen hintereinander wird eine Translatorische und kontinuierliche Beförderung der Teile entlang der Bahn erreicht. Nach ihrer allgemeinen Definition kann eine Spule eine oder mehrere Windungen beinhalten. Durch Anordnung unterschiedlicher Bahnen nebeneinander und Änderung der Frequenz sowie andere Dimensionierung der zu fördernden Teile, insbesondere der Durchmesser der Permanentmagneten und etwaiger Kraftübertragungsmittel können die erzielten Geschwindigkeiten in einem weiten Bereich variiert werden.To solve this problem, starting from the features of the preamble of claim 1, the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. The design of the permanent magnets in wheel form or as a shaft and their magnetization in the wheel or shaft diameter takes advantage of the given volume and results in a small size Space a relatively strong torque, making the arrangement according to the invention particularly for driving small parts, for. B. very small, only a few centimeters long toy vehicles, or the like parts. These permanent magnets can be produced at a lower cost than the rods according to DE-B-1 079 516. The type and arrangement of the magnetic field described in claim 1 with respect to the axis of rotation of the permanent magnet or magnets allows them to be driven while running on the track itself. Finally, magnetic steering of the part can be provided by itself or in combination with the aforementioned arrangement for conveying the part. In the part to be transported, a complete motor does not have to be provided for its transport or for its steering. No battery is required there either. This further contributes to simplifying the structure of the part to be conveyed and reducing its size. The receiving element in the form of one or more rotating permanent magnets can convert the power transmitted to them from the respective magnetic field directly or via simple transmission means into the drive or control of the part, in particular a toy vehicle. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more rotating permanent magnet (s) can be designed as the drive wheel or drive shaft of the toy vehicle. The drive shaft can be circular Have cross-section. In this case it can run directly on the track. There are no devices for mechanical power transmission from the web to the part to be transported or controlled, and also no sliding contacts are required, which eliminates the disadvantages described. This is also a prerequisite for being able to use battery-free and motor-less parts, in particular the toy vehicles of low weight and small size, because mechanical power transmission or the decrease in electric current through grinders presupposes that the respective part or vehicle is included a certain weight rests on the power transmission means or the busbar. The manufacturing outlay for such a system, in particular a railway system with associated toy vehicles, is very low, as a result of which the production costs are reduced accordingly. This also complies with the circumstance described above that toy vehicles designed according to the invention can be very small. Another advantage of the smallness of such vehicles, and thus the associated train, made possible by the invention is that the system can also be set up in a relatively small space. The problem with the previously known railway systems has always been that they required a relatively large area for installation, but which is often not available in an apartment. The web can be divided into individual web elements that can be mechanically and electrically connected to one another. Power transmission with high efficiency through a stray field is achieved with the simplest means. In this case, many drives, that is to say many parts, in particular toy vehicles and / or associated controls, can be operated at the same time with a web or spools. By arranging a corresponding number of coils one behind the other, translatory and continuous conveyance of the parts along the path is achieved. According to its general definition, a coil can contain one or more turns. By arranging different tracks next to one another and changing the frequency and other dimensions of the parts to be conveyed, in particular the diameter of the permanent magnets and any power transmission means, the speeds achieved can be varied within a wide range.

Wie erwähnt dient das Prinzip der Erfindung entweder zur Übertragung der Antriebsleistung oder zur Steuerung des Teiles, z. B. zur Lenkung eines Spielfahrzeuges, oder für beide vorgenannten Funktionen (Leistungsübertragung und Steuerung).As mentioned, the principle of the invention is used either to transmit the drive power or to control the part, e.g. B. for steering a toy vehicle, or for both aforementioned functions (power transmission and control).

Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen und ferner den nachstehend beschriebenen und in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeipielen zu entnehmen, wobei diese Ausführungsbeispiele sich auf die bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeit der Erfindung, nämlich ein Lehr- und/oder Spielmittel in Form einer Bahnanlage und zugehörigen Spielfahrzeugen beziehen. Die Lehre der Erfindung kann aber ebenso für entlang einer Anlage zu bewegende und/oder zu steuernde Teile anderer Art eingesetzt werden. In der Zeichnung zeigt : Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Bahn in der Draufsicht unter Weglassung der Bahn, Fig. 2 einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1, Fig. ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Bahn, ebenfalls unter Weglassung der Bahn, Fig. 4 einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3, Fig. 5-10 weitere Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten und Bahnen nach der Erfindung, Fig. 11-21 Ausführungsmöglichkeiten von Spielfahrzeugen nach der Erfindung, Fig. 22-24 Ausführungsmöglichkeiten von Steuerungen nach der Erfindung, Fig. 25 eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung zum Betreiben einer Beleuchtung, Fig. 26 eine weitere Ausführungsmöglichkeit der Erfindung, Fig.27-29 weitere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung.Further advantages and refinements of the invention can be found in the subclaims and also in the exemplary embodiments described below and shown in the drawing, these exemplary embodiments relating to the preferred refinement of the invention, namely teaching and / or play means in the form of a railroad system and associated toy vehicles . However, the teaching of the invention can also be used for parts of a different type to be moved and / or controlled along a system. In the drawing: FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a web in plan view with the web omitted, FIG. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 shows another embodiment of a web, likewise with the web omitted 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3, FIGS. 5-10 further design options and tracks according to the invention, FIGS. 11-21 design options for toy vehicles according to the invention, FIGS. 22-24 design options for controls 25 a further embodiment of the invention for operating lighting, FIG. 26 a further embodiment of the invention, FIG. 27-29 further exemplary embodiments of the invention.

Zunächst wird an einigen Ausführungsbeispielen die Bahnanlage erläutert. So zeigt Fig. 1 und 2 z. B. aus Kunststoff bestehende Bahnelemente 1 einer bestimmten Länge, die seitlich mit Führungskanten 2 für die Fahrzeuge versehen sein können. In ihnen befinden sich Spulen 4, die um Eisenteile 5 gewickelt sind und damit elektromagnetisch das Streufeld 6 erzeugen (siehe Fig. 2). Das Eisen 5 besteht in diesem Beispiel aus einer entsprechenden Anzahl von abgebogenen Drähten, jedoch ist die Erfindung hierauf nicht beschränkt. Um den Abstand a zwischen den Eiseneinlagen der Spulen zu überbrücken, können seitlich weitere Eisenteile, z. B. Drähte 7 eingelegt werden.First, the rail system is explained using some exemplary embodiments. So Fig. 1 and 2 shows z. B. existing plastic track elements 1 of a certain length, which can be provided laterally with guide edges 2 for the vehicles. In them are coils 4, which are wound around iron parts 5 and thus generate the stray field 6 electromagnetically (see FIG. 2). The iron 5 in this example consists of a corresponding number of bent wires, but the invention is not limited to this. In order to bridge the distance a between the iron inserts of the coils, further iron parts, e.g. B. wires 7 are inserted.

Die Bahnelemente sind miteinander verbindbar, z. B. in der Weise, daß an jeder Stirnkante ein druckknopfähnliches, vorspringendes Verbindungselement 8 und ein zur Aufnahme des Elementes 8 des angrenzenden Bahnelementes dienende Vertiefung 9 vorgesehen ist, die sich nach innen hin erweitert. Somit können die Bahnelemente an ihren Stirnenden mit Schnappwirkung verbunden werden, wodurch auch gleichzeitig verhindert wird, daß sich die Bahnelemente um ihre Längsachse relativ zueinander verdrehen. Die Teile 8, 9 liegen beidseitig und symmetrisch zur Mittellängsachse 10 des Bahnelementes.The track elements are interconnectable, e.g. B. in such a way that a push-button-like, projecting connecting element 8 and a recess 9 for receiving the element 8 of the adjacent track element is provided on each end edge, which widens towards the inside. Thus, the web elements can be connected at their front ends with a snap action, which at the same time also prevents the web elements from rotating relative to one another about their longitudinal axis. The parts 8, 9 are on both sides and symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis 10 of the track element.

Auf der Lauffläche 3 der Bahnelemente laufen die zu fördernden Teile, hier allgemein mit 12 bezeichnete Spielfahrzeuge.On the tread 3 of the track elements run the parts to be conveyed, here generally designated 12 toy vehicles.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3, 4 ist innerhalb des insoweit mit dem Beispiel der Fig. 1, 2 gleichen Gehäuses 1 eine eisenlose Drahtschleife 13 vorgesehen, die ebenso wie die im Beispiel der Fig. 1, 2 in Reihe geschalteten Spulen 4 elektrisch über die Verbindungsmittel 8, 9 mit den Spulen der angrenzenden Bahnelemente verbunden sind, so daß die Verbindungsmittel 8, 9 auch hier nicht nur der mechanischen Koppelung, sondern zugleich der elektrischen Verbindung dienen. Das von der Drahtschleife 13 erzeugte Streufeld 14 ist in Fig. 4 mit dargestellt. Es verläuft, wie ein Vergleich mit Fig. 2 zeigt, aufgrund der anderen Spulenanordnung anders als im Beispiel der Fig. 1, 2. In der dargestellten Anordnung der Fahrzeuge sind Permanent-Magnete vorgesehen, die gemäß den Fig. 15 bis 21 auch von einem horizontal und quer zur Längsrichtung der Bahn verlaufenden Wechselfeld antreibbar sind. Fahrzeuge mit einer Lage des Magneten gemäß den Fig. 12 bis 15 wären dagegen im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 4 nicht oberhalb der Drahtschleife 13, sondern entweder außerhalb oder derart mittig zu dieser anzuordnen, daß sie sich im Bereich der senkrecht aus der Bahn austretenden, bzw. senkrecht neben der Bahn verlaufenden Feldlinien (siehe z. B. gemäß senkrechtem Pfeil in Fig.4) befinden. Die letztgenannte Variante der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellt. Die Pfeile 35 in Fig. 2 und Pfeile 47 in Fig. 4 geben das Bild für eine Gleichstrompolung der Wicklungen wieder bzw. das Bild für einen Moment der Wechselstromphase, das sich in der nächsten Halbwelle umkehrt. Die Pfeile 46 in Fig. 2 und 46' in Fig. 4 geben die vektoriell addierte Feldrichtung, ebenso phasenabhängig wieder.In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 3, 4, an ironless wire loop 13 is provided within the housing 1, which is the same as that of the example of FIGS. 1, 2, which, like the coils 4 connected in series in the example of FIGS. 1, 2, is electrically connected via the Connecting means 8, 9 are connected to the coils of the adjacent track elements, so that here, too, the connecting means 8, 9 serve not only for the mechanical coupling, but also for the electrical connection. The stray field 14 generated by the wire loop 13 is also shown in FIG. 4. It runs, as a comparison with FIG. 2 shows, due to the different coil arrangement differently than in the example of FIGS. 1, 2. In the arrangement of the vehicles shown, permanent magnets are provided, which according to FIGS horizontal and transverse to the longitudinal direction of the alternating field are driven. Vehicles with a Position of the magnet according to FIGS. 12 to 15, on the other hand, would not be arranged above the wire loop 13 in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, but rather either outside or in the middle of the loop in such a way that it emerges in the region of the one that emerges perpendicularly from the path or perpendicularly next to it field lines running along the path (see e.g. according to the vertical arrow in Fig. 4). The latter variant of the invention is not shown in the drawing. The arrows 35 in FIG. 2 and arrows 47 in FIG. 4 represent the image for a direct current polarity of the windings or the image for a moment of the alternating current phase, which is reversed in the next half-wave. The arrows 46 in FIGS. 2 and 46 'in FIG. 4 show the vectorially added field direction, likewise phase-dependent.

Die Ausführungsform gemäß den Fig. 3, 4 ist vor allem für die Verwendung von gegenüber der üblichen Netzfrequenz von 50 Hz wesentlich höheren Frequenzen gedacht.

  • Fig. 5 zeigt mit dem Schnitt V-V in Fig. 5a eine Abwandlung der Ausführungsform gemäß den Fig. 1, 2, die sich vor allen Dingen für schmälere Bahnen eignet. Die Spule verläuft in Bahnlängsrichtung und ist mit 4' und die Eisenteile sind mit 5' beziffert.
  • Fig. 6 zeigt eine zweiteilige Form des Bahnelementes, bestehend aus einem Unterteil 16 und einem darauf steckbaren und gegebenenfalls austauschbaren Oberteil 17, wobei das Oberteil 17 insgesamt vier Führungsleisten 2 mit drei Bahnen 11 für das zu befördernde Spielfahrzeug oder dergleichen hat. Die Spule 4 mit Eisenteilen 5 entspricht in etwa dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 7 zeigt eine Bahn mit einem Unterteil 19 und zwei Oberteilen 20, die zwei Bahnen 11 bilden. In diesem Fall sind keine seitlichen Führungsstege vorgesehen, da hier alle Fahrzeuge durch das Eisen der Spule in der Spur gehalten werden (hierzu wird auch auf die nachfolgenden Erläuterungen der Wirkungsweise der Leistungsübertragung gemäß der Erfindung verwiesen).
  • Fig.8 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsmöglichkeit einer Bahn nach der Erfindung in Form einer « Hochstraße mit Spulen 4 und Eisenteilen 5 analog der Ausführungsform der Fig. 1, 2, wobei mehrere obere Laufflächen 22, 22' mit Führungsstegen 2 und auch noch einige untere Laufflächen 24 für eine U-Bahn 26 vorgesehen sind. Auch eine Häugebahn 25 ist möglich.
  • Fig. 9 und 9a zeigen in der Draufsicht Bahnelemente mit Weichen in Form von magnetisierten schwenkbaren oder feststehenden Streifen 27 mit einem nach oben gerichteten Pol, bzw. 28 mit zwei nach oben gerichteten Polen. Eine besonders gute Führung ist auch durch einen 3-Poligen Streifen erreichbar (nicht dargestellt), während Fig. 10 ein Bahnelement 29 mit einer Wicklung 4 und Eisenteilen 5 etwa gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1, 2 zeigt, wobei aber die Bahn in Form einer Wendeschleife (siehe Pfeile 30) für die zu bewegenden Fahrzeuge oder dergleichen ausgebildet ist.
The embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 4 is primarily intended for the use of frequencies which are substantially higher than the usual mains frequency of 50 Hz.
  • FIG. 5 shows with the section VV in FIG. 5a a modification of the embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 2, which is particularly suitable for narrower webs. The coil runs in the longitudinal direction of the web and is 4 'and the iron parts are 5'.
  • Fig. 6 shows a two-part form of the track element, consisting of a lower part 16 and an upper part 17 which can be plugged thereon and possibly exchanged, the upper part 17 having a total of four guide strips 2 with three tracks 11 for the toy vehicle or the like to be transported. The coil 4 with iron parts 5 corresponds approximately to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • 7 shows a web with a lower part 19 and two upper parts 20, which form two webs 11. In this case, no lateral guide webs are provided, since all vehicles are kept on track by the iron of the coil (reference is also made to the following explanations of the mode of operation of the power transmission according to the invention).
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a web according to the invention in the form of an "elevated road with spools 4 and iron parts 5 analogous to the embodiment of Figs. 1, 2, with several upper running surfaces 22, 22 'with guide bars 2 and also a few lower running surfaces 24 are provided for a subway 26. A Häugebahn 25 is also possible.
  • 9 and 9a show a top view of track elements with switches in the form of magnetized pivotable or fixed strips 27 with one pole facing upwards, and 28 with two poles facing upwards. Particularly good guidance can also be achieved using a 3-pole strip (not shown), while FIG. 10 shows a track element 29 with a winding 4 and iron parts 5, for example according to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1, 2, but the track in shape a turning loop (see arrows 30) is formed for the vehicles to be moved or the like.

Die Wirkungsweise einer solchen Anlage wird später erläutert. Zunächst sollen Ausführungsbeispiele der zu fördernden Teile, hier kleine Spielfahrzeuge, in ihrem Aufbau und insbesondere in der Anordnung und Gestaltung ihrer Permanentmagneten erläutert werden.The operation of such a system will be explained later. First of all, exemplary embodiments of the parts to be conveyed, here small toy vehicles, are to be explained in terms of their structure and in particular in the arrangement and design of their permanent magnets.

Während die erläuterten Bahnelemente mit der Vielzahl hintereinander angeordneter Spulen als elektromagnetische Streufeldelemente gewissermaßen Stator-Eigenschaft haben, besitzen die nachstehend erläuterten Fahrzeuge in ihren Permanentmagneten die zugehörige « Rotor "Eigenschaft.While the path elements explained with the large number of coils arranged one behind the other have a stator property as electromagnetic stray field elements, the vehicles explained below have the associated “rotor ” property in their permanent magnets.

Fig. 11 zeigt zur Erläuterung des Prinzips der Erfindung auf einer mit 31 angedeuteten Bahn einen Permanentmagneten 32 in Form einer zylindrischen Walze, z. B. einen Hartferrit-Magneten, dessen diametrale Polarität jeweils mit N und S angegeben ist und näher aus der Stirnansicht der Fig. 12 (gemäß Pfeil 33) und der Seitenansicht der Fig. 13 (gemäß Pfeil 34) zu entnehmen ist. Seine Drehachse 32' verläuft parallel zur Auflagefläche und quer zur Fahrtrichtung. Ein derartiger Permanentmagnet wird von den senkrecht aus der Bahnfläche austretenden Feldlinien des elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes bewegt, wie sie mit den Pfeilen 35 in Fig. 2 angedeutet sind, wobei die Feldlinien immer jeweils die zugehörige Polarität anziehen, bzw. abstoßen, wodurch die Rotation des Permanentmagneten und damit der Lauf des damit ausgerüsteten Spielfahrzeuges oder dergleichen in der mit Pfeil 36 angegebenen Fahrtrichtung bewirkt wird. Um eine Totpunktlage zu vermeiden, ist ein Eisenstück 37 vorgesehen (siehe Fig. 13) welches für den Start den Permanentmagneten 32 zo dreht, daß der Nordpol N und der Südpol S nicht genau senkrecht übereinander liegen. Ein solches Spielfahrzeug kann z. B. auf den Flächen 22' im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. laufen.Fig. 11 shows to explain the principle of the invention on a path indicated by 31 a permanent magnet 32 in the form of a cylindrical roller, for. B. a hard ferrite magnet, the diametrical polarity of which is indicated in each case by N and S and can be seen in more detail from the end view of FIG. 12 (according to arrow 33) and the side view of FIG. 13 (according to arrow 34). Its axis of rotation 32 'runs parallel to the support surface and transversely to the direction of travel. Such a permanent magnet is moved by the field lines of the alternating electromagnetic field emerging perpendicularly from the web surface, as indicated by the arrows 35 in FIG. 2, the field lines always attracting or repelling the associated polarity, as a result of which the rotation of the permanent magnet and so that the running of the equipped toy vehicle or the like is effected in the direction of travel indicated by arrow 36. In order to avoid a dead center position, an iron piece 37 is provided (see FIG. 13) which rotates the permanent magnet 32 for the start so that the north pole N and the south pole S are not exactly vertically one above the other. Such a toy vehicle can e.g. B. run on the surfaces 22 'in the embodiment of FIG.

Fig. 14 zeigt schematisch den permanentmagneten 32 gemäß den Fig. 11-13 mit der zugehörigen Bahn 31 und einem vom Permanentmagneten angetriebenen entweder auf dessen Achse befindlichen Reibrad (nicht dargestellt). Das Ganze kann in einem hier nur strichpunktiert angedeuteten, einem Spielfahrzeug nachgebildeten Gehäuse 39 angeordnet sein. Die Bewegung eines solchen Fahrzeuges verläuft senkrecht zur Zeichenebene der Fig. 14. Der Reibradantrieb könnte aber gem. Fig. 14 auch so erfolgen, daß ein in Verlängerung der Magnetachse am Permanentmagneten befestigter Achsstummel 40 das entsprechend größere Reibrad 38 antreibt. Aufgrund dieser Untersetzung wird die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeuges entsprechend reduziert.14 schematically shows the permanent magnet 32 according to FIGS. 11-13 with the associated track 31 and a friction wheel (not shown) which is driven by the permanent magnet and is either on its axis. The whole can be arranged in a housing 39, which is only indicated by dash-dotted lines and is modeled on a toy vehicle. The movement of such a vehicle runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 14. The friction wheel drive could, however, according to FIG. 14 also take place in such a way that an axle stub 40 attached to the permanent magnet in the extension of the magnetic axis drives the correspondingly larger friction wheel 38. Due to this reduction, the speed of the vehicle is reduced accordingly.

Aus dem Vorhergehenden ergibt sich bereits, daß das elektromagnetische Wechselfeld eine senkrechte Komponente zur Magnetlängsachse haben muß.From the foregoing it already follows that the alternating electromagnetic field must have a component perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the magnet.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 15 verläuft die Längsachse 41' des Permanentmagneten 41 in der mit Pfeil 42 angegebenen Fahrtrichtung. Ein Achsstummel 43 des Permanentmagneten treibt ein Kronenrad 44 der Radachse 45. Ein mit einem solchen Permanentmagneten 41 ausgerüstetes Spielfahrzeug oder dergleichen wird auf einer Spur der Fahrbahn unterzubringen sein, über der die Feldlinien ganz oder teilweise senkrecht oder quer zur Fahrtrichtung verlaufen, z. B. im Bereich 46 der Feldlinien gemäß Fig. 2, bzw. 48' der Feldlinien in Fig. -4 Anstelle des Getriebes 43, 44 könnte auch eine « magnetische Zahnstange » vorgesehen sein (siehe Fig. 27 und 28).15, the longitudinal axis 41 'of the permanent magnet 41 extends in the direction of travel indicated by arrow 42. An axle stub 43 of the permanent magnet drives a crown wheel 44 of the wheel axis 45. A toy vehicle or the like equipped with such a permanent magnet 41 will have to be accommodated on a track of the roadway over which the field lines run wholly or partly perpendicularly or transversely to the direction of travel, e.g. B. in area 46 of the field lines 2, or 48 'of the field lines in Fig. -4 Instead of the gear 43, 44, a "magnetic rack" could also be provided (see Figs. 27 and 28).

Im Beispiel der Fig. 16 (Draufsicht), Fig. 17 (Stirnansicht und Fig. 18 (Seitenansicht) ist ein Permanentmagnet 48 mit schräg stehender Achse 49 gezeigt. Ein mit einem solchen Permanentmagneten ausgerüstetes Fahrzeug kann sowohl auf Bahnspuren laufen, die von etwa senkrechten Feldlinien durchsetzt werden, als auch auf Bahnspuren, über denen die Feldlinien etwa waagerecht verlaufen, da aufgrund der Schräglage der Achse der Permanentmagnet von senkrechten und von waagerechten Feldlinien eines Wechselfeldes in Umlauf versetzt wird. Der Abtrieb erfolgt direkt durch Auflaufen der Kante 50 auf der Bahn 18. In der Variante dieser Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 19 läuft der Permanentmagnet 48 mit dem Rand eines balligen Achsstummels 51 auf der Bahn 18, wodurch sich eine Untersetzung ergibt, die durch Verschwenken der Achse variiert werden kann.16 (top view), Fig. 17 (front view and Fig. 18 (side view), a permanent magnet 48 with an inclined axis 49 is shown. A vehicle equipped with such a permanent magnet can run on tracks that are approximately vertical Field lines are traversed, as well as on track tracks, over which the field lines run approximately horizontally, because due to the inclined position of the axis, the permanent magnet is put into circulation by vertical and horizontal field lines of an alternating field 18. In the variant of this embodiment according to FIG. 19, the permanent magnet 48 runs with the edge of a spherical stub shaft 51 on the track 18, which results in a reduction which can be varied by pivoting the axis.

Aus dem Vorstehenden ergibt sich in Verbindung mit der Erläuterung der verschiedenen Ausführungsformen von Bahnen, daß man - falls erforderlich - durch Anordnung des oder der Permanent- magnete im zu fördernden Teil hier einem Spielfahrzeug oder dergleichen, bestimmen kann, auf welcher Bahnspur, bzw. welchem streifenförmigen Abschnitt der Bahn das Teil sich fortbewegen soll. Geht man z. B. von einer Bahn gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 aus, so würden sich Spielfahrzeuge oder dergleichen mit Permanentmagneten in einer Anordnung gemäß den Fig. 11-14 am Rand der Bahn bewegen, wo die Feldlinien senkrecht auftreten. Ein Spielfahrzeug oder dergleichen mit Permanentmagneten in einer Anordnung gemäß der Fig. 15 würde zusätzlich in der Mitte der Bahn fahren können, in der die Feldlinien waagerecht verlaufen, während ein Spielfahrzeug oder dergleichen mit einem Permanentmagneten in der Anordnung gemäß den Fig. 16-18 sowohl am rechten Rande, als auch in der Mitte fahren könnte.From the foregoing, in conjunction with the explanation of the various embodiments of tracks, it can be determined that, if necessary, by arranging the permanent magnet or magnets in the part to be conveyed here, a toy vehicle or the like can determine which track or which one strip-shaped section of the path the part is intended to move. If you go z. B. from a track according to FIGS. 1 and 2, toy vehicles or the like would move with permanent magnets in an arrangement according to FIGS. 11-14 at the edge of the track, where the field lines occur vertically. A toy vehicle or the like with permanent magnets in an arrangement according to FIG. 15 would also be able to travel in the middle of the path in which the field lines run horizontally, while a toy vehicle or the like with a permanent magnet in the arrangement according to FIGS. 16-18 both could drive on the right edge, as well as in the middle.

Fig. 20 zeigt innerhalb eines hier nur schematisch angedeuteten Fahrzeuggehäuses 52 einen darin mit der Achse 53 gelagerten Permänentmagneten 54, dessen Drehbewegung auf ein Reibrad 55 und von dort auf die Lauffläche 56 übertragen wird, wodurch das Fahrzeug in die senkrecht zur Zeichenebene gelegene Fahrtrichtung bewegt wird. Das Reibrad 55 kann auf einer Achse 55' gemäß den Pfeilen 57 hin-und hergeschoben werden, wodurch stufenlos die Übersetzung und auch die Fahrtrichtung geändert werden kann. Das Verschieben des Rades 55 entlang der Achse 55' kann durch nicht dargestellte Mittel von außen her erfolgen, z. B. durch Magnetsteuerung. Durch Verdrehen des Ganzen um eine senkrechte Achse kann eine Lenkung des Fahrzeuges herbeigeführt werden.20 shows within a vehicle housing 52, which is only indicated schematically here, a permanent magnet 54 mounted therein with the axis 53, the rotational movement of which is transmitted to a friction wheel 55 and from there to the tread 56, whereby the vehicle is moved in the direction of travel perpendicular to the plane of the drawing . The friction wheel 55 can be pushed back and forth on an axis 55 'according to the arrows 57, as a result of which the translation and also the direction of travel can be changed continuously. The displacement of the wheel 55 along the axis 55 'can be done from the outside by means not shown, for. B. by magnetic control. By turning the whole thing about a vertical axis, the vehicle can be steered.

Es versteht sich, daß pro Fahrzeug ein oder mehrere Permanentmagnete vorgesehen sein können. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Ausbildung der Permanentmagnete als Radwalze oder Räder eines Spielfahrzeuges oder dergleichen in der prinzipiellen Anordnung gemäß den Fig. 11-14. Diese Ausführungsform zeichnet sich durch ihre konstruktive Einfachheit aus, in dem nur ein sehr kleines Gehäuse eines Fahrzeuges oder dergleichen vorgesehen und mit den zugleich als Räder ausgebildeten Permanentmagneten ausgerüstet werden muß. So zeigt z. B. Fig. 5a ein Fahrzeuggehäuse mit zwei Permanentmagneten 58, als Räder, die von den etwa senkrecht aus den Eisenteilen 5' austretenden Feldlinien beeinflußt werden. Gleichermaßen sind auch die in den Figuren 2 und 4 dargestellten Fahrzeuge zu betreiben.It is understood that one or more permanent magnets can be provided per vehicle. The design of the permanent magnets as a wheel roller or wheels of a toy vehicle or the like in the basic arrangement according to FIGS. 11-14 is particularly advantageous. This embodiment is characterized by its constructive simplicity, in which only a very small housing of a vehicle or the like is provided and must be equipped with the permanent magnets which are also designed as wheels. So shows z. B. Fig. 5a a vehicle housing with two permanent magnets 58, as wheels, which are influenced by the approximately perpendicularly emerging from the iron parts 5 'field lines. Likewise, the vehicles shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 can also be operated.

Fig. 21 zeigt, wie ein Gehäuse 59 mit einem Permanentmagneten 60 in eine Öffnung des Fahrzeugbodens 61 einsetzbar ist. Dies kann in Form eines sogenannten « Einknöpfens mit Rast- oder Schnappwirkung erfolgen (nicht im einzelnen dargestellt). In Verlängerung der Magnetlängsachse 62 sind Achsstummel 63 vorgesehen, die im Gehäuse 59 bzw. im Gehäuseboden 64 gelagert sind. Der untere Achsstummel 63 endet in einem austauschbaren Reibrad 65, das auf der Fahrbahnfläche 66 läuft und dadurch das Fahrzeug antreibt. Die sinngemäße gleiche Anordnung kann zur Betätigung eines Lenkausschlages dienen. Hierzu wird im einzelnen auf die nachstehenden Ausführungen verwiesen.21 shows how a housing 59 with a permanent magnet 60 can be inserted into an opening in the vehicle floor 61. This can be done in the form of a so-called "buttoning with snap or snap action (not shown in detail). In the extension of the magnetic longitudinal axis 62, stub axles 63 are provided, which are mounted in the housing 59 or in the housing base 64. The lower axle stub 63 ends in an exchangeable friction wheel 65 which runs on the road surface 66 and thereby drives the vehicle. The analogous arrangement can serve to actuate a steering deflection. In this regard, reference is made in detail to the explanations below.

Fig. 22 zeigt in der Draufsicht und Fig. 23 in einem dazugehörigen Längsschnitt, wie die Kraftübertragung nach der Erfindung auch zur Lenkung benutzt werden kann. Die Radwelle 67 ist über ein z. B. aus Kunststoff bestehendes Zwischenteil 68 drehfest mit einem Permanentmagneten 69 verbunden, der ebenso wie die übrigen Permanentmagnete diametral magnetisiert ist (N-S). Die vorstehend erläuterte Anordnung ist über einen Drahzapfen 70 im Gehäuse 71 des Fahrzeuges schwenkbar gelagert. Durch eine entsprechend polarisierte Gleichstromkomponente in den Spulen der Bahn wird ein Magnetimpuls erzeugt, der sich dem Wechselmagnetfeld überlagert und den Permanentmagneten 69 entweder nach links oder nach rechts dreht. Hierdurch wird die Radwelle 67 entsprechend verschwenkt. Diese Schwenkbewegung kann durch vertauschbare Stoppanschläge 72, 73 begrenzt werden. Im vorliegenden Beispiel sind die Stoppanschläge so ausgebildet, daß die Achse zwar in Pfeilrichtung links (L) verschwenkt werden kann, nicht aber nach rechts (Pfeilrichtung R), da hier der Anschlag an der Stirnkante des Stoppanschlages 72 entgegensteht.22 shows a top view and FIG. 23 in an associated longitudinal section how the power transmission according to the invention can also be used for steering. The wheel shaft 67 is a z. B. plastic intermediate part 68 rotatably connected to a permanent magnet 69 which, like the other permanent magnets, is diametrically magnetized (N-S). The arrangement explained above is pivotably mounted in the housing 71 of the vehicle via a wire pin 70. A correspondingly polarized direct current component in the coils of the track generates a magnetic pulse which is superimposed on the alternating magnetic field and rotates the permanent magnet 69 either to the left or to the right. As a result, the wheel shaft 67 is pivoted accordingly. This swiveling movement can be limited by interchangeable stop stops 72, 73. In the present example, the stop stops are designed so that the axis can be pivoted in the direction of the arrow to the left (L), but not to the right (direction of the arrow R), since the stop on the front edge of the stop stop 72 opposes this.

Man kann nun gemäß Fig. 24 so vorgehen, daß man dem auf der Bahn (z. B. Ziff. 1) fahrenden Fahrzeug (z. B. Ziff. 12) einen leichten Steuereinschlag nach rechts gibt, so daß es normalerweise immer an der rechten Führungskante 2 fährt (siehe Fahrtrichtung gemäß Pfeil 74). Durch einen Gleichstrom wird die Achse 67 nach links verschwenkt, so daß das Fahrzeug gemäß Pfeil 75 bis zur gegenüberliegenden, in Fig. 25 links gelegenen Führungskante 2 der Fahrbahn fährt und dann dort entlanggleitet. Durch einen gegensinnigen Gleichstrom oder durch Wegfall des Gleichstromes kann wieder der frühere Lenkausschlag hergestellt werden, so daß aufgrund des vorgegebenen Rechtseinschlages das Fahrzeug wieder an die in Fig. 24 rechts gelegene Führungskante 2 fährt. Ein zweites Fahrzeug ist mit Permanentmagneten 69 mit entgegengesetzter Polung versehen und wird nur dann zum Lenkausschlag gebracht, wenn ein entgegengesetzt gepolter Gleichstrom gegeben wird. Somit sind zwei Fahrzeuge unabhängig voneinander lenkbar. Es kann aber auch die zweite Möglichkeit statt zur Lenkung eines weiteren Fahrzeuges im selben Fahrzeug verwendet werden, um die Gangschaltung oder Schrittschaltwerke zu betätigen. Bei anderen Fahrzeugen kann die Anordnung umgekehrt sein, d. h. die Anschläge 73 und 72 sind vertauscht und das Fahrzeug hat bei Geradeausfahrt eine leichte Linkssteuerung. Dann fährt es zunächst an der linken Führungskante und nach einem Gleichstrom gelangt es an die rechte Führungskante. So kann man Überholvorgänge bewirken.24 one can proceed in such a way that the vehicle traveling on the track (e.g. item 1) is given a slight tax turn to the right, so that it is normally always at the right guide edge 2 moves (see direction of travel according to arrow 74). The axis 67 is pivoted to the left by a direct current, so that the vehicle travels according to arrow 75 to the opposite leading edge 2 of the carriageway on the left in FIG. 25 and then glides along it. The previous steering deflection can be produced again by a countercurrent or by the elimination of the direct current, so that, due to the predetermined right turn, the vehicle again drives to the leading edge 2 on the right in FIG. 24. A second vehicle is with permanent magnet ten 69 with opposite polarity and is only brought to the steering deflection if an oppositely polarized direct current is given. This means that two vehicles can be steered independently of one another. However, instead of steering another vehicle in the same vehicle, the second possibility can also be used to actuate the gear shift or stepping mechanisms. In other vehicles, the arrangement can be reversed, ie the stops 73 and 72 are interchanged and the vehicle has a slight left-hand steering when driving straight ahead. Then it first drives on the left leading edge and after a direct current it reaches the right leading edge. This is how you can overtake.

Aus der vorstehenden Erläuterung zu den Fig. 22-24 wird auch die magnetische Weichenanordnung gemäß den Figuren 9, 9a verständlich. Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 9 ist evtl. beweglich eine Weichenzunge 27 mit nach oben gerichteten Nordpolen unter der Fahrbahn 76 vorgesehen. Ein ankommendes Fahrzeug 77 mit N-S diametral magnetisiertem Permanentmagneten 69 wird nach rechts gelenkt, wenn sein mit N polarisierter Teil beim Ankommen an die Weichenzunge sich rechts davon befindet, da hierbei eine Abstoßung zu den N-Polen der Zunge 27 erfolgt. Eine Umlenkung des Fahrzeuges in den Bahnzweig 76' ist erreichbar, wenn zuvor das Fahrzeug an die linke Führungskante der Bahn 76 gesteuert wird, da dann die Abstoßung der N-Pole einen Lenkausschlag nach links bewirkt. Die Stoppanschläge für die Begrenzung der Lenk-Schwenkbewegung sind entsprechend den gewünschten bzw. möglichen Lenkausschlägen anzuordnen. Ein entsprechend polarisierter Führungsmagnet 80 eines nicht mit einer gesonderten Lenkung versehenen Fahrzeuges 77 wird in entsprechender Weise von der Weichenzunge 27 beeinflusst. Ist am Heck des vorhergehenden Fahrzeuges ein ebenso wie der Magnet 80 gepolter Magnet 79 vorgesehen, wobei dieser aus der Mittellinie etwas nach rechts und der Magnet 80 aus der Mittellinie etwas nach links versetzt ist, so wirken bei Annäherung des hinteren an das vordere Fahrzeug beide Magneten in Art einer Überholautomatik, indem das von hinten ankommende Fahrzeug automatisch nach links abgedrückt wird.The magnetic switch arrangement according to FIGS. 9, 9a can also be understood from the above explanation relating to FIGS. 22-24. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 9, a switch tongue 27 with north poles pointing upward is possibly provided under the roadway 76 so that it can move. An arriving vehicle 77 with N-S diametrically magnetized permanent magnet 69 is steered to the right if its part polarized with N is on the right of it when it arrives at the switch tongue, since this repels the N poles of tongue 27. A deflection of the vehicle into path branch 76 'can be achieved if the vehicle is first steered to the left leading edge of path 76, since the repulsion of the N poles then causes a steering deflection to the left. The stop stops for limiting the steering swivel movement are to be arranged according to the desired or possible steering deflections. A correspondingly polarized guide magnet 80 of a vehicle 77 not provided with a separate steering system is influenced in a corresponding manner by the switch tongue 27. If a magnet 79, which is polarized in the same way as the magnet 80, is provided at the rear of the preceding vehicle, said magnet being offset somewhat to the right from the center line and the magnet 80 is displaced somewhat to the left from the center line, both magnets act when the rear vehicle approaches the front vehicle in the manner of an automatic overtaking by automatically pushing the vehicle arriving from behind to the left.

Im Beispiel der Fig. 9a werden Fahrzeuge gemäß Ziff. 77 mit Permanentmagneten 69, deren N-Pol sich vorn und deren S-Pol sich hinten befindet, von der links mit S-Polen und ruchts mit N-Polen versehen Magnetweichenzunge 28 anders gelenkt als Fahrzeuge 77', bei denen sich am Permanentmagneten 78 der S-Pol vorn und der N-Pol hinten befindet.In the example of Fig. 9a vehicles according to para. 77 with permanent magnets 69, the N pole of which is at the front and whose S pole is at the rear, from the left with S poles and forward with N poles, the magnet switch tongue 28 is steered differently than vehicles 77 ', in which the permanent magnet 78 has the S pole at the front and the N pole at the rear.

Es kann auch eine 3-polige Weichenzunge vorgesehen sein, die z. B. in der Mitte N-Pole und links und rechts je einen Streifen mit S-Polen hat (nicht dargestellt). Dadurch ergibt sich eine besonders exakte Führung z. B. des Magnetstiftes oder Zapfens 80, der die Pole an seinen Enden besitzt.A 3-pole switch tongue can also be provided, which, for. B. in the middle of N poles and left and right each have a stripe with S poles (not shown). This results in a particularly exact guidance z. B. the magnetic pin or pin 80, which has the poles at its ends.

Die Lenkmagnete 69 können im übrigen von der betreibenden Person um 180° gedreht werden, so daß sich das Lenkungsverhalten dieses Fahrzeuges im Bezug auf die Bahn entsprechend umkehrt.The steering magnet 69 can also be rotated by 180 ° by the operator, so that the steering behavior of this vehicle with respect to the track is reversed accordingly.

Gemäß Fig. 25 kann die Streufeldwirkung der Spulen 4 auch über einen Weichferritkern oder dergleichen 79 und eine Spule 80 zur Beleuchtung, insbesondere mit das Licht emittierenden Dioden (LED) 81 benutzt werden.25, the stray field effect of the coils 4 can also be used for lighting, in particular with the light-emitting diodes (LED) 81, via a soft ferrite core or the like 79 and a coil 80.

Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in Fig. 26 dargestellt. In einer Bahn 82 befinden sich eine Spulen 4 mit Eisen 5 und zusätzlichen Eisendrähten oder dergleichen 7. Im Fahrzeug 12' befinden sich das magnetische Streufeld 6 auffangende und zu dem Permanentmagneten 83 leitende Eisenteile/Ferrite 84. Der Permanentmagnet kann eine Wicklung 85 induzieren, welche eine Beleuchtung betreibt. Hier wird eine gewisse Zusammenfassung des Streuflusses und Zuleitung zum Permanentmagneten und damit eine Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades erreicht, so daß sich eine solche Anordnung insbesondere für schnell laufende Rennfahrzeuge und dergleichen empfiehlt.Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 26. In a path 82 there are coils 4 with iron 5 and additional iron wires or the like 7. In the vehicle 12 'there are the magnetic stray field 6 collecting iron parts / ferrites 84 which conduct to the permanent magnet 83. The permanent magnet can induce a winding 85 which operates lighting. Here a certain summary of the leakage flux and supply line to the permanent magnet and thus an increase in efficiency is achieved, so that such an arrangement is particularly recommended for high-speed racing vehicles and the like.

Es versteht sich, daß als Fahrzeuge nicht nur Nachbildungen von Kraftfahrzeugen, sondern auch solche von Hubschraubern, Schiffen und dergleichen vorgesehen sein können. Auch kan man Motorräder auf einer solchen Bahn laufen lassen, sofern die sie treibenden Magneträder genügend breite Laufflächen haben und über Bahnen laufen, in dem sie durch Anziehung der darunterliegenden Eisenleitwegen gestützt werden. Hierdurch wird ein Umkippen des Motorrades verhindert.It is understood that vehicles can be provided not only as replicas of motor vehicles, but also those of helicopters, ships and the like. Motorbikes can also be run on such a track, provided that the magnetic bikes that drive them have sufficiently wide running surfaces and run over tracks in which they are supported by attraction of the underlying iron routes. This prevents the motorcycle from tipping over.

Die Kraftübertragung sollte so ausgelegt werden, daß das von den Permanentmagneten erzeugte Drehmoment größer als das Reibmoment zur Fahrbahn ist, damit nach einer Karambolage und einem dadurch verursachten Stillstand des Fahrzeuges ein Wiederanlaufen und Rotieren der Fahrzeuge möglich ist. Eine Erhöhung der Frequenz des Wechselfeldes, z. B. durch einen Frequenzgenerator, hat sowohl einen entsprechend größeren transformatorischen Effekt, als auch eine entsprechend höhere Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des jeweiligen Permanentmagneten zur Folge. Falls sich in einer Bahn mehrere Reihen von Spulen nebeneinander befinden, wobei jede Reihe elektrisch von den anderen Reihen unabhängig ist, kann man durch Änderung der Frequenz einer Spulenreihe die darauf laufenden Fahrzeuge oder dergleichen beschleunigen, z. B. wenn ein Fahrzeug der anderen Spulenreihe überholt werden soll. Man kann also jeweils aus mehreren Fahrzeugen bestehende Fahrzeuggruppen schaffen, wobei die eine Gruppe unabhängig von der anderen betrieben werden kann. Dabei werden die erläuterten Überholmöglichkeiten durch die Kontaktfreiheit der Fahrzeuge wesentlich erleichtert. Während z. B. bei einer Frequenz von 50 Hz und entsprechend der Auslegung der Fahrzeugteile eine Geschwindigkeit von 5 km/h bei der einen Gruppe erzielt wird, kann durch die o. g. Frequenzerhöhung eine andere Fahrzeuggruppe entsprechend schneller fahren. Man kann auf der selben Bahn auch mit mehreren Frequenzen zugleich arbeiten, da sich diese bekanntlich beim Überlagern nicht stören. Die Rotoren sind dabei beim Anlaufen auf ihre jeweilige Frequenz zu sychronisieren. Dabei würden sinnvollerweise die Fahrzeuge mit der höheren Betriebsfrequenz zuerst zum Anlaufen gebracht werden. Der fließende Verkehr kommt mit einem Geschwindigkeitsbereich von z. B. 1 : 2 aus. Die Fahrzeuge würden also mit :

Figure imgb0001
usw. arbeiten. Ihre Geschwindigkeit muß deswegen nicht ganz verschieden sein, denn verschiedene Untersetzungen könnten ausgleichen. Wegen der frequenzproportionalen Leistungserhöhung genügen zudem kleinere Magnete für höherfrequent betriebene Fahrzeuge.The power transmission should be designed so that the torque generated by the permanent magnets is greater than the frictional torque to the road, so that after a car collapse and a resulting standstill of the vehicle, the vehicles can restart and rotate. An increase in the frequency of the alternating field, e.g. B. by a frequency generator, has both a correspondingly larger transformer effect, as well as a correspondingly higher rotational speed of the respective permanent magnet. If there are several rows of coils next to one another in a path, each row being electrically independent of the other rows, the vehicles or the like running on them can be accelerated by changing the frequency of a row of coils, e.g. B. if a vehicle of the other row of coils is to be overhauled. One can therefore create vehicle groups consisting of several vehicles, one group being able to be operated independently of the other. The explained overtaking possibilities are made considerably easier by the freedom of contact of the vehicles. During e.g. B. at a frequency of 50 Hz and according to the design of the vehicle parts, a speed of 5 km / h is achieved in one group, another vehicle group can drive correspondingly faster by the above-mentioned frequency increase. You can also work with several frequencies on the same path at the same time, as these are known not to interfere with the superimposition. The rotors must be synchronized to their respective frequencies when starting. It would make sense Vehicles with the higher operating frequency are started first. The flowing traffic comes with a speed range of e.g. B. 1: 2. So the vehicles would:
Figure imgb0001
 etc. work. Therefore, their speed does not have to be very different, because different reductions could compensate. Because of the frequency-proportional increase in power, smaller magnets are also sufficient for vehicles with higher frequencies.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 27-29 zeigt zusätzlich zu den hier nicht dargestellen Spulen einen Permanentmagnetstreifen 11a. der abwechselnd N-S-polarisiert ist. Hierbei verlaufen die Trennungslinien zwischen den mit N polarisierten Magnetteilen und den mit S polarisierten Magnetteilen schräg, d. h. im spitzen Winkel zur Fahrtrichtung. Dies kann entweder im Beispiel der Fig.28 durch entsprechend geformte Magnetstreifen mit schrägen Seitenkanten oder gemäß dem Beispiel der Fig. 29 durch Anordnung mehrerer Längsmagnetstreifen mit einzelnen N-S-Rechteckstücken, die jeweils zueinander versetzt sind, erreicht werden. Ein vom Wechselfeld der Spule in Drehung versetzter Permanentmagnet 41 wird entsprechend der Lage seiner Pole entweder nach vorn oder nach rückwärts entlang dem Permanentmagnetstreifen 11a gezogen und zieht sich quasi an einer « magnetischen Zahnstange an diesem Streifen entlang. Hierdurch wird die mechanische Kraftübertragung vom Magneten auf die Bahn durch eine magnetische Kraftübertragung ersetzt. Es versteht sich, daß bei z. B. einer Rechtsdrehung des Magneten um seine Längsachse er sich nach vorn bewegt und bei einer Linksdrehung nach rückwärts ; bzw. umgekehrt. Dabei soll die Längsachse des Permanentmagneten wenigstens eine Komponente parallel zur Bahn haben. Der Magnetstreifen 11a kann auf die Bahn 18 aufgeklebt sein (Fig. 27, rechte Hälfte) oder sich unter dieser befinden (Fig. 27, linke Hälfte).The embodiment of FIGS. 27-29 shows a permanent magnetic strip 11a in addition to the coils not shown here. which is alternately N-S polarized. Here, the dividing lines between the magnetic parts polarized with N and the magnetic parts polarized with S run obliquely, i. H. at an acute angle to the direction of travel. This can be achieved either in the example in FIG. 28 by means of appropriately shaped magnetic strips with oblique side edges or in the example in FIG. 29 by arranging a plurality of longitudinal magnetic strips with individual N-S rectangular pieces which are in each case offset from one another. A permanent magnet 41, which is set in rotation by the alternating field of the coil, is drawn either forwards or backwards along the permanent magnet strip 11a, depending on the position of its poles, and is quasi pulled along a magnetic rack along this strip. As a result, the mechanical power transmission from the magnet to the track is replaced by a magnetic power transmission. It is understood that at z. B. a right turn of the magnet about its longitudinal axis it moves forward and a left turn backwards; or vice versa. The longitudinal axis of the permanent magnet should have at least one component parallel to the path. The magnetic strip 11a can be glued to the web 18 (FIG. 27, right half) or be located below it (FIG. 27, left half).

Durch eine Verringerung der Polabstände im Magnetstreifen (siehe Fig. 29 oberes Drittel) kann die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeuges reduziert werden.The speed of the vehicle can be reduced by reducing the pole spacing in the magnetic stripe (see Fig. 29 top third).

Im Fahrzeug kann außerdem ein weiterer Magnet vorgesehen sein, der als Servomotor zum Betrieb eines Blinkers, der Schaltung eines Getriebes oder dergleichen dient und entweder von einer gesonderten Frequenz, insbesondere niedrigen Frequenz oder auch von den Permanentmagneten des Magnetstreifens 11a betrieben werden kann. Er kann somit auch zur Erzielung eines Anlaufvorganges dienen, wenn man ein solches Fahrzeug über derartige Magnetstreifen schiebt.A further magnet can also be provided in the vehicle, which serves as a servo motor for operating a turn signal, switching a transmission or the like and can be operated either from a separate frequency, in particular a low frequency, or also from the permanent magnets of the magnetic strip 11a. It can thus also be used to achieve a start-up process if such a vehicle is pushed over such magnetic strips.

Die bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel beschriebenen Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind sinngemäß auch bei den anderen Ausführungsbeispielen einsetzbar und umgekehrt. Alle dargestellten und beschriebenen Merkmale, sowie Merkmalskombinationen sind erfindungswesentlich.The features and combinations of features described in one embodiment can also be used in the other embodiments and vice versa. All the features shown and described, as well as feature combinations, are essential to the invention.

Claims (32)

1. Apparatus for transporting and steering movable articles (12) as f. e. toy cars, along a track (11,18, 22, 26, 31) at which the propelling force is transmitted from the track (11, 18, 22, 26, 31) by means of a contactless electro-magnetic field to at least one permanent magnet (32, 41, 48, 54, 58, 60, 83) serving as a reciever in the movable article (12) rotating by the influence of the field characterised in that the permanent magnet or the permanent magnets (31, 41, 48, 54, 58, 60, 83) are configured in the form of a wheel or a shaft and magnetised in the direction of the shaft or wheel-diameter, that the track (18) comprises a plurality of track elements (1) which have one or several coils (4, 4', 13, 15) which can be electrically and mechanically connected and that the coils (4, 4', 13, 15) create an alternating field for transport and/or a direct field for steering, especially guiding of the movable part (12).
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the track comprises a plurality of track elements (1) which have one or several coils (4, 4', 13, 15) and which can be electrically and mechanically connected.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of track sections (11,18, 22) which are electromagnetically independent of one another are provided side by side and favourably combined in a single track element.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 3, characterized by means in the track and/or the elements for varying the speed of movement of the article f. e. means for varying the frequency of the alternative current field, the transmission ratio, the reduction ratio between the permanent magnetic article drive to the track, or a strip (11a) having variable spaced permanent magnets.
5. Apparatus according to one or several of the Claims 2 to 4 characterised in that the connection between the track elements comprises snap fastener-like projections (8) and recesses (9) which receive the said projections with a snap-engaging action, the parts (8,.9) being'provided on both ends of a track element (1) and arranged on both sides and symetrically with the central longitudinal axis (10) of the track elements, so as to hold the track elements firmly together by means of a slight pretension.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 2, characterized in that the track or the track elements or the track sections (11, 18, 22) are provided with lateral guide edges for the vehicle - or a corresponding iron leading, guiding the vehicle.
7. Apparatus according to Claim 1 to 7, characterized in that the coils (4) are reinforced by iron inserts (5) f. e. approximately U-shaped wires or the like.
8. Apparatus according to Claim 7, characterized in that the coils run transverse to the conveying direction and parallel to the running surface of the track.
9. Apparatus according to Claim 1 to 6, 8 characterized by an ironless loop (13) particularly a copper coil in a track or a track element.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 1 to 9, characterized by the track elements consisting of an upper part (17 and 20) and a lower part (16 and 19), connected to enclose, between them the coils and eventually the iron inserts of the coils, and that the upper part define the running surface (18, 22') and the guide edges.
11. Apparatus according to Claim 1 to 10, characterized by track elements in the form of a reversing loop having a guide edge provided at least on the outside.
12. Apparatus according to several of the Claims 1 to 11, characterized by track elements (76) having strips with a predetermined magnetic polarity, which strips (27, 28) serve as a « switch blade», provided below the running surface and are optionally pivotable, and with corresponding permanent magnets being provided in the vehicle.
13. Articles according to Claims 1 to 12, characterized by one or several permanent magnets being in the form of a wheel or shaft of the movable article and magnetised in the direction of diameters of wheel or shaft.
14. Articles according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that an iron piece (37) is provided near the circumference of the permanent magnet in such a mannerthat it attracts respectively one of the poles so that both poles of the permanent magnet are in a starting position (Fig. 14), from standstill, which can be operated by the alternating magnetic field, the iron piece being also adaptable for the purpose of obtaining another direction of rotation.
15. Articles according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that rotational axis (32') of the permanent magnet (32) extends parallel to the running surface of the track and at transversal to the direction of movement of the movable article (12), the track portion which is intended for the said article being situated in the vertically from the track extending (approximately) area of the magnetic field lines (35).
16. Articles according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the rotational axis (41') of the permanent magnet (41) extends in the direction of movement of the article, and that the associated track portion is situated below the magnetic field lines (46, 47) which extend approximately horizontally to the running surface (1) and transversal to the direction of movement. -
17. Articles according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the rotational axis (49) of the permanent magnet (48) extends at an angle to the track surface (31), the projection of said axis onto the track surface extending extending transversely in a plane at right angles to the movement of the movable part and that the track belonging to it is below the vertical and/or horizontal field lines.
18. Article according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that a permanent magnet (60) having a friction wheel transmission (65) is enclosed in a housing (59) which may be inserted, with a snap-fastening action, in the floor of said article.
19. Article according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 18, characterized by a friction wheel for transmitting the torque, produced by the permanent magnet, to the running surface of the track, said transmission ratio or reduction ratio of the friction wheel being variable.
20. Article according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 19, characterized by at least one further permanent magnet (69) on the article which is able to turn the steering means of said movable article, it is connected with.
21. Article according to Claim 20, characterized by stops for limiting the steering turns of said further magnet in both steering directions.
22. Article according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 21, characterized by the provision of permanent magnets (69, 78) on said track which control the steering, and, by a guide magnet (80) eventually, on the article having a polarity (N-S) responsive to the polarity of a magnetic switch blade.
23. Article according to one or several of the Claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the permanent magnet for the steering can be pivoted through 180° about its axis.
24. Article according to one or several of the Claims 20 to 23, characterized in that a second article (77) having a permanent magnet (78) of opposite polarity to that of the first article.
25. Article according to one or several of the Claims 20 to 23, characterized in that an article is provided with a control magnet (69), having an opposite polarity to that of the steering magnet, for actuating one of a gear-shift control mechanism and a stepping relay.
26. Apparatus according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that several frequencies of different magnitude are used at the same time on the same track and the articles having different drive ratios.
27. Article according to Claims 1 to 26, to one or several of them, characterized by a coil in the article, which is connected to a light source, especially a LED (81) and which coil (85) enclosing the permanent magnet (83).
28. Article according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 27 characterized by a ferromagnetic material (84) located in the article and which forms a magnetic conductor from the stray field to the permanent magnet (83).
29. Apparatus according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 28, characterized by the additional attachment of a magnetic strip (11a) on said track having permanent magnet pieces alternating between N polarity and S polarity, the effective line separating the two polarities running at an acute angle to the direction of travel and the longitudinal axis of the associated permanent magnet of the article having at least one component running parallel to the track.
30. Apparatus according to Claim 29, characterized in that in one direction in which the permanent magnet strip (11a) extends, the dimension of the permanent magnet pieces are smaller over part of the area of the magnetic strip than over the remaining area thereof.
31. Articles according to one or several of the claims 1 to 30, characterized in that a magnetic rod or the like is provided in rear of the article and in front of an article located behind the first article and in which the said magnetic rods are staggered relative to one another on opposite sides of the central line.
32. Article according to one or several of the Claims 1 to 31 characterized by a further magnet in the article, which magnet serves as a servomotor for operating a blinker, or a gear, especially in connection with the permanent-magnetic strip (11 a).
EP80104701A 1979-08-11 1980-08-09 Arrangement for transport and/or control of parts movable along a path Expired EP0025124B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80104701T ATE20644T1 (en) 1979-08-11 1980-08-09 SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTATION AND/OR CONTROL OF PARTS MOVABLE ALONG A TRACK.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2932630A DE2932630C2 (en) 1979-08-11 1979-08-11 System for conveying and / or controlling parts and associated parts
DE2932630 1979-08-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0025124A1 EP0025124A1 (en) 1981-03-18
EP0025124B1 true EP0025124B1 (en) 1986-07-09

Family

ID=6078253

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80104701A Expired EP0025124B1 (en) 1979-08-11 1980-08-09 Arrangement for transport and/or control of parts movable along a path

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0025124B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE20644T1 (en)
DE (1) DE2932630C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE38335T1 (en) * 1982-03-27 1988-11-15 Kaiser Helmut Dipl Ing PLANT FOR OPERATING PARTS AND RELATED PARTS.
US4741418A (en) * 1984-10-25 1988-05-03 Helmut Kaiser Electromagnetic energization system with non-coiled, single wire conductor
EP0351496A3 (en) * 1988-04-08 1991-08-28 Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Kaiser Arrangement for starting and possibly operating/transporting and/or steering of parts by means of magnet rotors
CN103259346A (en) * 2013-05-28 2013-08-21 东南大学 Electric toy car powered by rail-type wireless power supply system
CN107934426A (en) * 2017-12-15 2018-04-20 合肥中导机器人科技有限公司 Turning magnetic stripe track, turning method and the system of a kind of AGV

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941659C (en) * 1949-04-09 1956-04-12 Helmut Kaiser Dipl Ing Railless toy vehicle operated by remote control

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US776826A (en) * 1904-02-15 1904-12-06 Orestez Hampton Caldwell Electric propulsion of cars or the like.
US2638347A (en) * 1947-05-14 1953-05-12 Maggi Ernesto Linear motor racing game
DE1079516B (en) * 1949-04-09 1960-04-07 Johann Distler K G Remote controlled vehicle toy
DE857019C (en) * 1950-01-17 1952-11-27 Josef Bertels Electric toy highway
GB979985A (en) * 1962-09-25 1965-01-06 Mettoy Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrically propelled toys
FR1353598A (en) * 1963-01-17 1964-02-28 Electric car circuit toy, using linear motor vehicles
DE1488074B2 (en) * 1964-11-11 1972-03-30 Underberg, Emil Ewald Josef; DoId, Siegfried August; 4134 Rheinberg ELECTRIC MOTOR

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941659C (en) * 1949-04-09 1956-04-12 Helmut Kaiser Dipl Ing Railless toy vehicle operated by remote control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2932630C2 (en) 1983-01-27
EP0025124A1 (en) 1981-03-18
DE2932630A1 (en) 1981-02-12
ATE20644T1 (en) 1986-07-15

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