EP0024890B1 - Exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024890B1
EP0024890B1 EP80302900A EP80302900A EP0024890B1 EP 0024890 B1 EP0024890 B1 EP 0024890B1 EP 80302900 A EP80302900 A EP 80302900A EP 80302900 A EP80302900 A EP 80302900A EP 0024890 B1 EP0024890 B1 EP 0024890B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
chamber
annular
seating surfaces
gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80302900A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0024890A1 (en
Inventor
Kai Emil Fursund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN B&W Diesel AS
Original Assignee
MAN B&W Diesel AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN B&W Diesel AS filed Critical MAN B&W Diesel AS
Publication of EP0024890A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024890A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0024890B1 publication Critical patent/EP0024890B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine, comprising a stationary valve part and an axially movable valve part, said valve parts having cooperating seating surfaces and, upstream of the seating surfaces, opposed surfaces spaced apart so as to define a narrow annular gap when the valve is closed; and an annular chamber provided in at least one of said valve parts and communicating with the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder through said annular gap when the valve is closed.
  • An object of the invention is to obtain a prolonged lifetime of the valve by reducing the rate at which the seating surfaces of the valve gradually deteriorate due to corrosive and erosive attacks by aggressive constituents present in the exhaust gases, in particular sodium and vanadium compounds occurring when the engine is running on heavy fuel oil.
  • U.S. Patent Specification No. 1,873,119 discloses a valve of the kind referred to above in which an annular chamber in the stationary valve part and a chamber centrally located within the movable valve part both communicate with the combustion chamber through bores opening adjacent the edges of the seating surfaces oriented towards the combustion chamber, into an annular gap between the valve parts.
  • said two chambers within the valve parts communicate with a source of pressurised air and when the exhaust valve opens, the outflowing exhaust gases entrain, by ejector action, the relatively cool air from the chambers, which is located in the annular gap, which air thus effects a certain cooling of the seating surfaces during the exhaust period. It must be appreciated however, that this relatively cool air has little cooling effect, because the walls of the two valve parts defining the annular gap are generally convex, and thus define a flow passage for the exhaust gases leading directly to the seating surfaces.
  • U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,106,466 discloses an exhaust valve, the stationary and movable parts of which are shaped with opposed, cylindrical surfaces which define a narrow annular gap upstream of the seating surfaces, i.e. between those surfaces and the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder.
  • the purpose of the gap is to prevent effectively an outflow of combustion gases from the cylinder during the initial part of the valve lift until the lower end of the seating surface on the movable valve part is clear of the cylindrical surface on the stationary valve part.
  • An exhaust valve of similar design is disclosed in German Patent Specification No. 744250.
  • An exhaust valve according to the present invention differs from the valve known for U.S. Patent Specification No. 1,873,119 by the features that the opposed surfaces are conical and that the annular chamber is a continuous, circumferential recess formed directly in one of said opposed surfaces and located intermediate the seating surfaces and the annular gap so that gases flowing from the combustion chamber through the annular gap when the valve is in the closed position pass into said annular chamber and any gases which flow through a leak between the seating surfaces during a combustion period will first have passed through said annular chamber.
  • annular chamber With this construction and location of the annular chamber it constitutes a reservoir in the flow path from the combustion chamber to the seating surfaces of the valve parts, and when during the compression stroke the annular chamber has been filled by pure and relatively cool air, either from the engine cylinder or from a connected external source of pressurized air, that amount of air will after ignition of the fuel and until the exhaust valve opens function as a barrier between the hot combustion gases and the seating surfaces.
  • the combustion gases cannot as in the previously known valves, flow directly out through leaks formed by local gaps between the seating surfaces. Instead it will be only the reservoir air or, at most, a mixture of that air with a relatively small percentage of combustion gases which penetrates through the leaks.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the above mentioned attacks, by the aggressive constituents present in the combustion gases, on the seating surfaces occur predominantly during the period in which the valve is closed without, however, providing a perfect seal due to said local leaks which occur sooner or later, e.g. because deposits previously formed on the seating surfaces by corrosion peel off or because particles of slag, cinder or coke squeezed between the surfaces when the valve closes, have left small indentations in the surfaces.
  • Measurements of the surface temperature of the stationary valve part have shown that around such a local leak there can occur a temperature rise of approximately 200°C immediately after top dead centre and an increase of the mean temperature amounting to approximately 100°C.
  • the corrosion rate can double at a temperature rise of approximately 70°C, it will be understood that the invention materially extends the time which a small local leak needs to grow into a regular run-through of such size that it becomes necessary to refurbish the seating surfaces by regrinding them. The result is therefore, as mentioned above, that the lifetime of the valve is prolonged.
  • the critical period of each working cycle during which the temperature and the pressure in the combustion chamber are at so high values that combustion gases leaking out therefrom can cause perceptible attacks on the seating surfaces, is rather short and ends approximately 20° after top dead centre, both with two stroke and four stroke engines.
  • the desired effect of the invention can, therefore, be obtained with an annular chamber of relatively small volume which does not necessitate any inconvenient increase of the dimensions of the valve parts or of the so-called dead space of the engine cylinder.
  • the chamber volume can be chosen somewhat larger than the volume of gas which during said period can flow through a gap having a cross-section of about 0.2 by 3 mm, e.g. 2 to 3 times that gas volume.
  • the annular chamber is formed in the movable valve part and, in the conical surface of the stationary valve part, which defines the narrow annular gap, there is a circumferential fillet located opposite the annular chamber and oriented towards the inlet from the combustion chamber to the gap.
  • an exhaust valve for a two-stroke diesel engine comprises a stationary valve part (or bottom piece) 1 which together with a valve housing 2 is releasably secured (in a manner not shown in detail) to the cylinder cover 3 of an engine cylinder.
  • the movable part 4 of the exhaust valve is generally formed as a conventional poppet valve which contacts bottom piece 1 on a conical surface.
  • the seating surfaces proper of the two valve parts which are designated by 5 and 6, respectively, are formed on two coatings or inserts 7 and 8 of a suitable material, such as stellite or hard metal, see Figure 2.
  • annular chamber 9 located between the combustion chamber 10 of the engine cylinder and the seating surface 6 of valve part 4.
  • annular chamber 9 will, during the compression stroke, become filled by pure scavenging or charging air at a relatively low temperature, and if one or more small local leaks are present between seating surfaces 5 and 6, it will be this air rather than the hot and highly corrosive combustion gases which is pressed out through the leaks in the seating surfaces in response to the pressure rise resulting from the combustion of the fuel injected into the engine cylinder.
  • the high temperature rise in the material surrounding existing leaks in the seating surfaces which otherwise occurs during that period of the engine's working cycle in which the temperature in the combustion chamber is high while simultaneously the combustion gases have a high density, due to the high pressure, and a high concentration of corrosive constituents, is consequently avoided.
  • the configuration, as shown and described, of the step or transition between the two surface portions 13 and 15 as a fillet 14, the concavity of which is oriented towards the inflow gap from combustion chamber 10, contributes to limiting undesired mixing of the pure and relatively cool air within annular chamber 9 and the inflowing hot combustion gases.
  • annular chamber is formed solely in the movable valve part, it will be understood that alternatively it could be formed in the stationary valve part or be composed of two opposed recesses, one provided in each valve part.
  • an external source of pressurized air which through a non-return valve supplies cool air at a suitable pressure to the annular chamber.
  • Said pressure should not be lower than the compression pressure within the engine cylinder, and it may be of substantially the same magnitude as the maximum pressure occurring in the cylinder. Since the necessary consumption of air is relatively small, the air can be supplied by a correspondingly relatively small compressor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
EP80302900A 1979-08-29 1980-08-21 Exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine Expired EP0024890B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK361279A DK144217C (da) 1979-08-29 1979-08-29 Udstoedsventil til en forbraendingsmotor
DK3612/79 1979-08-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0024890A1 EP0024890A1 (en) 1981-03-11
EP0024890B1 true EP0024890B1 (en) 1984-03-14

Family

ID=8124866

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80302900A Expired EP0024890B1 (en) 1979-08-29 1980-08-21 Exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0024890B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPS5634915A (pt)
BR (1) BR8005413A (pt)
DE (1) DE3066986D1 (pt)
DK (1) DK144217C (pt)
ES (1) ES494569A0 (pt)
FI (1) FI67252C (pt)
IE (1) IE50116B1 (pt)
NO (1) NO154807C (pt)
PL (1) PL124723B1 (pt)
YU (1) YU41940B (pt)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3331145A1 (de) * 1983-08-30 1985-03-14 Audi Nsu Auto Union Ag, 7107 Neckarsulm Leichtmetall-zylinderkopf fuer hubkolben-brennkraftmaschinen
DE3425690A1 (de) * 1984-07-12 1986-01-23 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Ventilkoerper fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
WO2002006640A1 (de) 2000-07-18 2002-01-24 Man B & W Diesel A/S Gaswechselventilanordnung und ventilsitzkonstruktion mit rinförmiger nut

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6024802U (ja) * 1983-07-27 1985-02-20 日野自動車株式会社 直噴式デイ−ゼル機関の吸気弁
JPH0578905U (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-26 愛知機械工業株式会社 内燃機関のバルブ
DE4301632C2 (de) * 1993-01-22 2001-08-02 Audi Ag Ventilsitzring
DE19754138B4 (de) * 1997-12-05 2008-04-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Hubventil einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Einlaß-Hubventil
JP2011038438A (ja) * 2009-08-07 2011-02-24 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 吸気バルブと、これを備えた内燃機関及び輸送機器
NO336985B1 (no) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-14 Bergen Engines As Innløpsventil for en motor
CN105041398A (zh) * 2015-06-29 2015-11-11 唐萍 发动机气门顶杆
DE102017119887A1 (de) 2017-08-30 2019-02-28 Man Truck & Bus Ag Ventil für einen Verbrennungsmotor
US11060425B2 (en) * 2019-03-13 2021-07-13 Caterpillar Inc. Valve seat insert for engine head having venturi flow crowns and seating surface profiled for limiting valve recession

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB108436A (en) * 1917-03-24 1917-08-09 James Mckechnie Improvements in or relating to the Air or Scavenging Valves of Internal Combustion Engines.
US1560235A (en) * 1925-01-05 1925-11-03 Hinsch Albert Otto Valve
US1873119A (en) * 1927-07-20 1932-08-23 Doherty Res Co Air cooled valve and valve seat
DE744250C (de) * 1939-08-02 1944-11-17 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zur Vermeidung von Beschaedigungen der Auslassventile durch Auspuffgase in Hochleistungsbrennkraftmaschinen
GB532571A (en) * 1939-09-08 1941-01-27 Herbert Frank Percy Purday Improvements relating to the inlet valves of internal combustion engines
FR1481241A (fr) * 1966-04-07 1967-05-19 Semt Procédé et dispositif de refroidissement forcé d'une soupape de machine thermique ou analogue et leurs diverses applications
FR1531687A (fr) * 1967-05-25 1968-07-05 Semt Perfectionnements aux soupapes
US3820522A (en) * 1970-01-23 1974-06-28 Daimler Benz Ag Valve seat for the inlet valve in the cylinder head of a four cycle internal combustion engine
US4106466A (en) * 1976-08-16 1978-08-15 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Engine valve with recessed seat and annular groove
JPS53104021A (en) * 1977-02-24 1978-09-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Exhaust valve device in internal combustion engine

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3331145A1 (de) * 1983-08-30 1985-03-14 Audi Nsu Auto Union Ag, 7107 Neckarsulm Leichtmetall-zylinderkopf fuer hubkolben-brennkraftmaschinen
DE3425690A1 (de) * 1984-07-12 1986-01-23 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Ventilkoerper fuer eine brennkraftmaschine
WO2002006640A1 (de) 2000-07-18 2002-01-24 Man B & W Diesel A/S Gaswechselventilanordnung und ventilsitzkonstruktion mit rinförmiger nut
DE10034773A1 (de) * 2000-07-18 2002-02-07 Man B & W Diesel As Kopenhagen Gaswechselventilanordnung
DE10034773B4 (de) * 2000-07-18 2006-08-17 Man B & W Diesel A/S Gaswechselventilanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL226485A1 (pt) 1981-05-22
DK144217B (da) 1982-01-18
PL124723B1 (en) 1983-02-28
JPS6336403B2 (pt) 1988-07-20
YU213080A (en) 1983-01-21
FI67252B (fi) 1984-10-31
DE3066986D1 (en) 1984-04-19
FI67252C (fi) 1985-02-11
IE801810L (en) 1981-02-28
IE50116B1 (en) 1986-02-19
EP0024890A1 (en) 1981-03-11
ES8105441A1 (es) 1981-06-01
NO154807C (no) 1986-12-29
NO154807B (no) 1986-09-15
DK144217C (da) 1982-06-21
NO802533L (no) 1981-03-02
YU41940B (en) 1988-02-29
ES494569A0 (es) 1981-06-01
DK361279A (da) 1981-03-01
JPS5634915A (en) 1981-04-07
BR8005413A (pt) 1981-03-10
FI802721A (fi) 1981-03-01

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