EP0019945B1 - Lead alloy comprising calcium and magnesium - Google Patents

Lead alloy comprising calcium and magnesium Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0019945B1
EP0019945B1 EP80200322A EP80200322A EP0019945B1 EP 0019945 B1 EP0019945 B1 EP 0019945B1 EP 80200322 A EP80200322 A EP 80200322A EP 80200322 A EP80200322 A EP 80200322A EP 0019945 B1 EP0019945 B1 EP 0019945B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
calcium
magnesium
lead
ppm
melt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80200322A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0019945A1 (en
Inventor
Diederich Jan Baan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to AT80200322T priority Critical patent/ATE15232T1/de
Publication of EP0019945A1 publication Critical patent/EP0019945A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0019945B1 publication Critical patent/EP0019945B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
    • C22C11/02—Alloys based on lead with an alkali or an alkaline earth metal as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lead alloy comprising calcium and magnesium.
  • the main application of calcium-containing lead is in the form of battery lead. Further, it finds application as cable lead and as anode material in the zinc electrolysis process.
  • Calcium-containing lead is usually prepared by melting a lead with a purity of more than 99.9% and by subsequently adding the required alloying elements to the lead melt. This alloying step serves to impart to lead the desired mechanical properties for battery plates and grids and any other products and also to improve the castability of lead.
  • antimony In the past antimony was usually added to lead. However, antimony causes self-discharge in batteries and it was therefore suggested in the prior art to replace antimony by calcium. In addition, some tin is often added to the melt. After the addition of the alloying elements, the molten lead is either made into a half-product or cast directly into the desired end-product.
  • a half-product may consist of ingots which are remelted by the battery manufacturer and are further processed into plates and grids.
  • the half-product may also consist of strip produced by continuous casting and/or rolling, which is further processed into plates or grids by the battery manufacturer.
  • the molten lead is in contact with the air.
  • the calcium content of the melt is found to decrease gradually by oxidation of calcium, which passes as oxide into the slag layer on top of the melt. Since a certain calcium content in battery lead is desirable, the diminishing content is found to be very inconvenient.
  • the desired calcium content is usually the maximum percentage of calcium soluble in liquid lead at the eutectic temperature (326°C).
  • US-A-2,306,899 which discloses lead alloys comprising 1-90 ppm of calcium and 1-90 ppm of magnesium
  • GB-A-499,549 which relates to lead alloys comprising 100-1000 ppm of calcium and 100-3000 ppm of magnesium, these alloys having a good composition stability after remelting and a good corrosion resistance, also when they include tin as further alloying element.
  • the present invention proposes a lead alloy which comprises 1-80 ppm magnesium and 690-900 ppm calcium. It was surprisingly found that even very low percentages of magnesium in a calcium-containing lead melt almost completely inhibit the burning-off of that calcium. So far no unequivocal explanation for this phenomenon has been found. It is not or at any rate not largely so that the magnesium is sacrificed for the calcium since in order to prevent a certain quantity of calcium from being burnt off in a certain period, not a stoichiometric quantity of magnesium is required but a considerably smaller quantity of magnesium is sufficient. Neither does this smaller quantity of magnesium burn off proportionally as rapidly as the calcium would have done if no magnesium had been present in the melt.
  • the maximum solubility of calcium in liquid lead at the eutectic temperature (326°C) is 800 ppm. According to the invention less than 900 ppm of calcium are therefore added while moreover it is preferred to add about 700 ppm of calcium.
  • both the calcium and the magnesium can be added in elemental form, in the form of a compound or as an alloy.
  • the percentages given in this specification are all percentages by weight and, where the relevant metal is added in the bound form, they relate to the proportion of that same metal.
  • difficulties may be experienced in the addition of the additives to the melt, for example because of the density of the additive (it may float on the lead melt), because of the melting point of the additive (at low melting points fewer difficulties will occur than at higher melting points) or because of the rate at which the additive dissolves in the melt.
  • magnesium in the form of a preliminary alloy or in the form of an intermetallic compound, for example with lead (high density), or with calcium.
  • the invention is eminently suitable for those lead alloys which contain tin (usually less than 1%), since tin accelerates the burning-off of calcium-containing lead in a melt, so that in this instance the addition of magnesium is all the more essential.
  • the calcium content was determined with an accuracy of approx. 50 ppm. It can be seen from Table 1 that the calcium content of a melt without magnesium declines rapidly and that addition of magnesium produces a change.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
EP80200322A 1979-05-14 1980-04-11 Lead alloy comprising calcium and magnesium Expired EP0019945B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80200322T ATE15232T1 (de) 1979-05-14 1980-04-11 Kalzium- und magnesiumhaltige bleilegierung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7903764 1979-05-14
NL7903764A NL7903764A (nl) 1979-05-14 1979-05-14 Werkwijze ter bereiding van calcium-houdend lood, daarmee verkregen lood en daaruit verkregen accuplaten of -roosters.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0019945A1 EP0019945A1 (en) 1980-12-10
EP0019945B1 true EP0019945B1 (en) 1985-08-28

Family

ID=19833175

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80200322A Expired EP0019945B1 (en) 1979-05-14 1980-04-11 Lead alloy comprising calcium and magnesium

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0019945B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS55152142A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE15232T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3071027D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK156490C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7903764A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5143693A (en) * 1988-05-20 1992-09-01 Timminco Limited Magnesium-calcium alloys for debismuthizing lead
AU620822B2 (en) * 1988-05-20 1992-02-27 Timminco Limited Magnesium-calcium alloys for debismuthizing lead
US5041160A (en) * 1988-05-20 1991-08-20 Timminco Limited Magnesium-calcium alloys for debismuthizing lead
US6664003B2 (en) * 2001-02-06 2003-12-16 Rsr Technologies, Inc. Method for enhancing lead oxidation during production of lead acid batteries
EP2371386A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2011-10-05 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. Use of a PCV2 immunogenic composition for lessening clinical symptoms in pigs

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE323852C (de) * 1915-07-31 1920-08-10 United Lead Company Bleilegierung
US2142835A (en) * 1937-03-19 1939-01-03 American Smelting Refining Lead alloys
US2306899A (en) * 1942-02-28 1942-12-29 American Smelting Refining Alloy
GB1402099A (en) * 1971-12-15 1975-08-06 Lucas Batteries Ltd Battery plate grids for lead-acid batteries
GB1414171A (en) * 1972-02-09 1975-11-19 Lucas Batteries Ltd Battery plate grids for lead-acid batteries and alloys for use in the production of such grids
GB1458016A (en) * 1973-06-06 1976-12-08 Lucas Batteries Ltd Manufacture of ternary alloys of lead calcium and aluminium
DE2611575A1 (de) * 1976-03-19 1977-09-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag Blei-calcium-knetlegierung
US4233070A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-11-11 Chloride Group Limited Lead alloys for electric storage battery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK156490B (da) 1989-08-28
NL7903764A (nl) 1980-11-18
DK150880A (da) 1980-11-15
JPH0420972B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-04-07
DE3071027D1 (en) 1985-10-03
EP0019945A1 (en) 1980-12-10
JPS55152142A (en) 1980-11-27
DK156490C (da) 1990-01-29
ATE15232T1 (de) 1985-09-15

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