EP0018796B1 - Montres, pendules, chronomètres et échappements destinés à ces instruments - Google Patents

Montres, pendules, chronomètres et échappements destinés à ces instruments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018796B1
EP0018796B1 EP19800301358 EP80301358A EP0018796B1 EP 0018796 B1 EP0018796 B1 EP 0018796B1 EP 19800301358 EP19800301358 EP 19800301358 EP 80301358 A EP80301358 A EP 80301358A EP 0018796 B1 EP0018796 B1 EP 0018796B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
balance
escapement
impulse
escape wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800301358
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0018796A3 (en
EP0018796A2 (fr
Inventor
George Daniels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DANIELS, GEORGE
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0018796A2 publication Critical patent/EP0018796A2/fr
Publication of EP0018796A3 publication Critical patent/EP0018796A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0018796B1 publication Critical patent/EP0018796B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to watches, clocks and chronometers and escapements therefor of the kind comprising a toothed escape wheel urged to rotate in a single direction by a mainspring and intermittently held against rotation by a pivoted lever which carries entry and exit locking pallets for alternate engagement with a tooth of the escape wheel, a balance wheel arranged to be oscillated by a balance spring, and interengaging means between the balance wheel and the lever whereby during each movement of the balance wheel the lever is pivoted to release the escape wheel to move through half a tooth, means being provided to give an impulse directly or indirectly from the escape wheel to the balance wheel in both directions of rotation of the balance wheel.
  • the Mudge escapement was tried in watches between 1769 and 1810 but was not liked because it required oil to lubricate the sliding action between the teeth on the escape wheel and the pallet. Other makers tried to find alternative escapements but none was successful and in about 1810 the so-called lever escapement of Mudge was adopted and is still in use to-day.
  • the important feature of the Mudge escapement is that it is self-starting and will give an impulse in both directions of rotation of a toothed wheel. This impulse is provided by inclined surfaces on the locking pallets which are engaged by the teeth on the escape wheel as the escape wheel rotates but it is this sliding movement which requires lubrication and which causes inaccuracies in the timekeeping particularly when fresh lubrication is required.
  • French Patents Nos. FR-A-266413 and FR-A-206876 show further arrangements where sliding action is required to give an impulse in only one of the directions and U.S. Patent No. US-A-46652 shows an arrangement where an impulse is given to the balance wheel in only one direction.
  • the invention provides a detached escapement comprising a toothed escape wheel urged to rotate in a single direction by a mainspring and intermittently held against rotation by a pivoted lever which carries entry and exit locking pallets for alternate engagement with a tooth of the escape wheel, a balance wheel arranged to be oscillated by a balance spring, and interengaging means between the balance wheel and the lever whereby during each movement of the balance wheel the lever is pivoted to release the escape wheel to move through half a tooth, during which movement of the balance wheel in one direction of rotation the balance wheel receives an impulse from the escape wheel applied directly to an element attached to the balance wheel and during which movement of the balance wheel in the other direction of rotation the balance wheel receives an impulse applied to the balance wheel via the pivoted lever, characterised in that the pivoted lever carries a separate impulse pallet intermediate the locking pallets for engagement by a tooth of the escape wheel during each movement of the balance wheel in said other direction of rotation when the pivoted lever has released the escape wheel.
  • the inventor has recognised that complete separation of the locking and impulsing functions, in a system in which impulses are supplied in both directions of movement of the balance wheel, enables the provision of a construction which requires no pallet lubrication.
  • the position of the separate impulse pallet between the locking pallets enables it to be positioned so that a tooth of the escape wheel engages the impulse pallet with an action which does not require lubrication.
  • pallets which serve the combined function of impulse pallets and locking pallets secure locking and lubricant-free engagement are not provided.
  • the element is an impulse pallet attached to the balance wheel and arranged for oscillation therewith, the pallet being engaged by a tooth of the escape wheel during each movement of the blance wheel in said one direction of rotation.
  • the surface of the or each impulse pallet when engaged by a tooth of the escape wheel is preferably substantially radial of the escape wheel.
  • the pivoted lever is preferably arranged so that it is mid-way between banking pins during the application of each impulse to the balance wheel.
  • the area of surface contact of the escape wheel teeth is sufficiently small that oil is not required to be applied to the escape wheel.
  • the escape wheel may have two concentric rings of teeth of different radii disposed in parallel planes. Alternatively, the escape wheel may have a single ring of teeth.
  • the interengaging means between the balance wheel and the lever are a pin associated with the balance wheel which engages in a fork in the lever.
  • the pin may be . mounted on the balance arm.
  • the invention also provides a watch, clock or chronometer having an escapement as defined above.
  • This example relates to a watch, clock or chronometer escapement having a toothed escape wheel urged to rotate in a single direction by a mainspring via a gear train and intermittently held against rotation by a pivoted lever.
  • the escapement also has a balance wheel arranged to be oscillated by a balance spring.
  • the invention is concerned only with the escape wheel, the pivoted lever and the balance wheel and so only these parts will be described.
  • the escape wheel 10 has two concentric rings of teeth 11, 12 disposed in parallel planes, one above the other.
  • the teeth are provided by two wheels of different radii mounted for rotation together on the same arbor 13 but may readily be provided by a single wheel, for example a wheel of which the inner ring of teeth project downwardly into a plane beneath the outer ring of teeth.
  • the lever 14 is mounted for pivotal movement about an arbor 15 and at one end has a tail 16 which extends between two banking pins 17 which limit the extreme positions of the lever.
  • the other end of the lever 14 is formed at 23 for reception of the balance roller pin 18.
  • the balance roller pin is carried by the balance roller 19 which is itself attached to the balance wheel (not shown).
  • The. lever 14 carries exit and entry locking pallets 20, 21 respectively for alternate engagement with an outer tooth 11 of the escape wheel when the lever is in its respective extreme position, the escape wheel thereby being held against rotation ( Figures 1, 3 and 5).
  • the balance roller 19 is mounted for oscillation about a staff 22 and carries a conventional safety roller 24 which prevents the lever 14 from pivoting when the balance roller pin 18 is not engaged within the fork 23 of the lever, and also an impulse pallet 25 for engagement by an outer tooth 11 a of the escape wheel (see Figure 4) when the balance wheel is moving in the appropriate direction of rotation, i.e. clockwise as viewed in Figure 4. An impulse is thereby applied by the escape wheel to the balance wheel. When the balance wheel is moving in the opposite direction of rotation an impulse is applied to the balance wheel through engagement of an inner tooth 12 of the escape wheel and another impulse pallet 26 carried by the lever 14 ( Figure 2).
  • the areas of contact between the locking pallets 20, 21 and the teeth of the escape wheel, and also between the impulse pallets 25, 26 and the teeth of the escape wheel, are kept to the minimum.
  • the position of the balance impulse pallet 25 relative to the balance staff 22 and the outer teeth 11 of the escape wheel, and similarly the position of the lever impulse pallet 26 relative to the arbor 15 and the inner teeth 12 of the escape wheel is chosen so that the impulse applied to the balance wheel through each pallet is of the same strength. Moreover, both impulses are applied radially of the escape wheel.
  • one impulse is applied by an outer tooth 11 of the escape wheel and the next impulse is applied by an inner tooth 12 of the escape wheel.
  • both impulses are applied by an inner tooth 12 of the escape wheel. Otherwise the escapement operates in the same manner as before and the same reference numerals are employed.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a further embodiment in which the escape wheel 30 is a single wheel in which the same teeth engage the entry and exit locking pallets 31, 32 and the impulse pallets 33, 34.
  • the balance roller is omitted and the balance roller pin 35 is mounted on the balance arm 36 which forms a part of the-balance wheel (not shown). Consequently, the pivoted lever 37 has its forked end 38 cranked for engagement with the pin 35, the escapement thereby taking up considerably less space vertically compared with the escapements of Figures 1 to 5 and Figure 6. This may be important when it is desired to incorporate the escapement in a watch. However, the manner of operation of the escapement is entirely similar to the embodiments previously described.
  • the escape wheel 10 as viewed in the drawings is driven by the mainspring in an anti-clockwise direction, whereas in the embodiments of Figures 6 and 7 the escape wheel is shown as being driven in a clockwise direction.
  • the escape wheel 10 can be arranged to rotate in either direction, whichever is desired.
  • the lever 14 may be pivotally mounted on either side of the line joining the axes of the balance and escape wheels. There is thus provision for considerable flexibility of design layout.
  • the lever 14 or 37 when the balance wheel and balance spring are quiescent because the mainspring is run down, the lever 14 or 37 will be positioned with its tail mid-way between the banking pins. Hence, in this condition, the escape wheel will always be unlocked and one tooth of the escape wheel will be in engagement with one of the impulse pallets, whereby the application of power to the escape wheel, i.e. by winding the mainspring, will cause that tooth to impulse the respective pallet and the escapement will start the balance wheel oscillating without it being necessary to shake or agitate the watch, clock or chronometer. Thus the escapement is self-starting from the unwound condition.
  • the escapement will still be self-starting even though a tooth of the escape wheel may be locked by one of the locking pallets. This is because the energy stored in the balance spring when the balance spring is not quiescent or mid-way through its oscillating cycle, is sufficient to unlock the escape wheel from the locking pallet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Unknown Time Intervals (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Echappement détaché comprenant une roue d'échappement dentée (10; 30) sollicitée angulairement dans un seul sens par un ressort principal et immobilisée angulairement par intermittence par un levier articulé (14; 37) qui porte des palettes de verrouillage d'entrée et de sortie (21, 20; 31, 32) destinées à s'engager alternativement sur une dent (11) de la roue d'échappement, un balancier agencé pour osciller sous l'effet d'un ressort de balancier, et des moyens coopérants (18, 23; 35, 38) interposés entre le balancier et le levier de façon que pendant chaque mouvement du balancier, le levier pivote pour libérer la roue d'échappement pour un déplacement d'une demi-dent, au cours duquel déplacement du balancier dans un premier sens de rotation le balancier reçoit de la roue d'échappement une impulsion appliquée directement à un élément (25; 33) fixé au balancier et au cours duquel déplacement du balancier dans l'autre sens de rotation le balancier reçoit une impulsion qui lui est appliquée par l'intermédiaire du levier articulé, caractérisé en ce que le levier articulé (14; 37) porte une palette d'impulsion séparée (26; 34) située entre les palettes de verrouillage (21, 20; 31, 32) pour le contact avec une dent (12; 11) de la roue d'échappement pendant chaque déplacement du balancier dans l'autre sens de rotation quand le levier articulé (14) a libéré la roue d'échappement.
2. Echappement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le levier articulé (14; 37) est à mi-chemin entre des doigts de butée (17) pendant l'application de chaque impulsion au balancier.
3. Echappement selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la roue d'échappement (10) présente deux anneaux concentriques de dents (11; 12) de rayons différents disposés dans des plans parallèles.
4. Echappement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau extérieur de dents (11) de la roue d'échappement (10) est rencontré par le levier articulé (14) pour le verrouillage intermittent de la roue d'échappement et pour l'application de chaque impulsion qui est appliquée directement à la palette d'impulsion (25) fixée au balancier, tandis que l'anneau intérieur de dents (12) de la roue d'échappement applique chaque impulsion qui est appliquée au balancier par l'intermédiaire du levier articulé.
5. Echappement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau extérieur de dents (11) de la roue d'échappement est rencontré par le levier articulé (14) pour le verrouillage intermittent de la roue d'échappement, et l'anneau intérieur de dents (12) applique lesdites impulsions au balancier.
6. Echappement selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la roue d'échappement (30) présente un seul anneau de dents (11) qui sont rencontrées par le levier articulé (37) pour le verrouillage intermittent de la roue d'échappement et qui appliquent lesdites impulsions au balancier.
7. Echappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens coopérants interposés entre le balancier et le bras de levier sont un doigt (18; 35) associé au balancier qui s'engage dans une fourche (23; 38) du levier (14; 37).
8. Echappement selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le doigt (35) est monté sur le bras de balancier (36).
9. Montre, pendule ou chronomètre comportant un échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
EP19800301358 1979-04-30 1980-04-25 Montres, pendules, chronomètres et échappements destinés à ces instruments Expired EP0018796B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7915006 1979-04-30
GB7915006 1979-04-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018796A2 EP0018796A2 (fr) 1980-11-12
EP0018796A3 EP0018796A3 (en) 1981-01-28
EP0018796B1 true EP0018796B1 (fr) 1984-11-07

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EP19800301358 Expired EP0018796B1 (fr) 1979-04-30 1980-04-25 Montres, pendules, chronomètres et échappements destinés à ces instruments

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1045297A1 (fr) 1999-04-12 2000-10-18 Omega SA Echappement coaxial à ancre
EP1998236A1 (fr) 2007-05-30 2008-12-03 Omega SA Echappement à ancre pour pièce d'horlogerie
US7708454B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2010-05-04 Omega S.A. Mobile micromechanical element with shock controlled rotation
US8439556B2 (en) 2010-11-04 2013-05-14 Nivarox-Far S.A. Synchronous escapement for a timepiece mechanism
WO2014161098A2 (fr) 2013-04-03 2014-10-09 Detra S.A. Dispositif d'échappement pour mouvement d'horlogerie
RU2765767C1 (ru) * 2020-04-23 2022-02-02 Эта Са Мануфактюр Орложэр Сюис Спусковой механизм часов
EP4383012A1 (fr) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-12 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Profil auto-demarrant pour echappement d'horlogerie

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DE60307471D1 (de) * 2002-07-11 2006-09-21 Detra Sa Hemmung
EP1445669A1 (fr) 2003-02-10 2004-08-11 Richemont International S.A. Echappement à force constante pour horloge avec secondes indirectes
EP1517197B1 (fr) * 2003-09-22 2007-04-18 Paul Gerber Echappement pour une montre
ATE459026T1 (de) * 2003-12-16 2010-03-15 Montres Breguet Sa Chronometerhemmung für uhren
EP1710636A1 (fr) * 2005-04-06 2006-10-11 Daniel Rochat Echappement pour montre
JP4894051B2 (ja) * 2005-07-04 2012-03-07 モントレ ブレゲ エスエー 高性能のレバー脱進機構
EP1837718B1 (fr) * 2006-03-21 2014-05-28 Richemont International S.A. Dispositif d'échappement pour mouvement d'horloge
EP1879085B1 (fr) 2006-07-14 2015-09-30 Manufacture et fabrique de montres et chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA Echappement
ATE433136T1 (de) * 2007-03-09 2009-06-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Hemmung mit tangentialimpulsen
ATE456079T1 (de) * 2007-04-18 2010-02-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Ankerhemmung für uhren
EP1983388B1 (fr) 2007-04-18 2010-01-20 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Echappement à impulsions directes pour pièce d'horlogerie
ATE449985T1 (de) 2007-04-18 2009-12-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Hemmung, die zwei hemmungsräder umfasst
EP1983390B1 (fr) * 2007-04-18 2009-11-04 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Echappement à ancre comportant deux mobiles d'échappement
JP5441434B2 (ja) * 2009-02-20 2014-03-12 セイコーインスツル株式会社 デテント脱進機並びにこれを用いた調速・脱進機及び時計
DE102010014234B4 (de) * 2010-04-08 2013-02-21 NOMOS Glashütte/SA Roland Schwertner KG Uhr mit modifizierter Hemmung
EP2400351B1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2013-09-25 Omega SA Mobile monobloc pour une pièce d'horlogerie
IT1401711B1 (it) * 2010-07-09 2013-08-02 Cefis Scappamento per meccanismi ad orologeria
EP2487546B1 (fr) 2011-02-11 2021-06-30 Montres Journe S.A. Echappement bi-axial à haute performance, soit EBHP
EP2595005A1 (fr) * 2011-11-16 2013-05-22 Omega SA Mobile monobloc pour une pièce d'horlogerie
JP5961753B2 (ja) 2012-06-07 2016-08-02 デトラ ソシエテ アノニム 時計用脱進装置
JP6210535B2 (ja) * 2013-07-25 2017-10-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメントおよび時計
CN108700845B (zh) * 2015-12-21 2020-08-04 迪特拉有限公司 钟表擒纵装置和该装置的操作方法
JP6869759B2 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2021-05-12 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメント及び時計
JP6869758B2 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2021-05-12 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメント及び時計
JP6901876B2 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2021-07-14 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメント及び時計
JP6901877B2 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2021-07-14 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメント及び時計
EP3557334A1 (fr) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-23 Dominique Renaud SA Mécanisme d'échappement a ancre de repos et pièce d'horlogerie dotée d'un tel mécanisme d'échappement
CH715023A1 (fr) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-29 Sa De La Manufacture Dhorlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Échappement à détente auto-démarrant et sécurisé pour pièce d'horlogerie
JP6558761B1 (ja) * 2018-06-19 2019-08-14 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメント及び時計
EP3982203B1 (fr) * 2020-10-07 2022-12-14 Patek Philippe SA Genève Échappement d'horlogerie a impulsion semi-directe
DE102020132856B3 (de) * 2020-12-09 2022-04-21 Lange Uhren Gmbh Ortsfest angeordnete Uhr

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US31999A (en) * 1861-04-09 Watch-escapement
FR206876A (fr) * 1890-07-08 1890-10-30 Marc Kwald
US46652A (en) * 1865-03-07 Improvement in chronometer-escapements
US73646A (en) * 1868-01-21 Albert h
FR266413A (fr) * 1900-01-01
CH101849A (fr) * 1922-10-25 1923-11-16 Pellaton Jules Echappement de mouvement de montre.

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1045297A1 (fr) 1999-04-12 2000-10-18 Omega SA Echappement coaxial à ancre
US7708454B2 (en) 2006-06-23 2010-05-04 Omega S.A. Mobile micromechanical element with shock controlled rotation
EP1998236A1 (fr) 2007-05-30 2008-12-03 Omega SA Echappement à ancre pour pièce d'horlogerie
US7661874B2 (en) 2007-05-30 2010-02-16 Omega S.A. Lever escapement for a timepiece
CN101334629B (zh) * 2007-05-30 2012-03-14 奥米加股份有限公司 用于时计的叉瓦式擒纵机构
CN101711378B (zh) * 2007-05-30 2012-03-14 奥米加股份有限公司 用于钟表的叉瓦式擒纵机构
US8439556B2 (en) 2010-11-04 2013-05-14 Nivarox-Far S.A. Synchronous escapement for a timepiece mechanism
WO2014161098A2 (fr) 2013-04-03 2014-10-09 Detra S.A. Dispositif d'échappement pour mouvement d'horlogerie
WO2014161098A3 (fr) * 2013-04-03 2015-04-23 Detra S.A. Dispositif d'échappement pour mouvement d'horlogerie
RU2765767C1 (ru) * 2020-04-23 2022-02-02 Эта Са Мануфактюр Орложэр Сюис Спусковой механизм часов
EP4383012A1 (fr) * 2022-12-08 2024-06-12 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Profil auto-demarrant pour echappement d'horlogerie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0018796A3 (en) 1981-01-28
EP0018796A2 (fr) 1980-11-12

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