EP0018281B1 - Luftfilter - Google Patents

Luftfilter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0018281B1
EP0018281B1 EP80400507A EP80400507A EP0018281B1 EP 0018281 B1 EP0018281 B1 EP 0018281B1 EP 80400507 A EP80400507 A EP 80400507A EP 80400507 A EP80400507 A EP 80400507A EP 0018281 B1 EP0018281 B1 EP 0018281B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
inlet
wall
spiral flow
compartment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80400507A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0018281A1 (de
Inventor
Peter Brownell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fram Corp
Original Assignee
Fram Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fram Corp filed Critical Fram Corp
Publication of EP0018281A1 publication Critical patent/EP0018281A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0018281B1 publication Critical patent/EP0018281B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/52—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material
    • B01D46/521—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filters embodying folded corrugated or wound sheet material using folded, pleated material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
    • B01D46/2411—Filter cartridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/20—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D46/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/02—Air cleaners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2267/00—Multiple filter elements specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2267/40—Different types of filters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an air cleaner.
  • a common heavy duty air cleaner design for use in environments with high contaminant concentrations typically provides a centrifugal separator in series with a filter cartridge containing, typically, a pleated paper medium.
  • Such an air cleaner is of the type comprising a housing defining a chamber therewithin, an annular filter cartridge in said chamber having a circumferentially extending permeable outer wall cooperating with the wall of the housing to define an annular inlet compartment therebetween within said chamber, inlet means for communicating air into said inlet compartment, said annular filter cartridge defining an outlet compartment, outlet means for communicating air from said outlet compartment after the air has passed through said filter cartridge, means in said inlet compartment circumscribing said permeable outer wall of said cartridge and extending transversely across said inlet chamber between the wall of the housing and said permeable outer wall for inducing a spiral flow component to at least a portion of the air communicated through said inlet and dividing said inlet compartment into one section upstream from said spiral flow inducing means and another section downstream from said spiral flow in
  • the present invention is characterized in that the opposite ends of said upstream section of the inlet compartment are defined by the spiral flow inducing means and by a corresponding end of the housing, said second filtering medium extending continuously on said outer wall between said corresponding end of the housing and spiral flow inducing means and in that said upstream section and said first and second filtering media define a first flow path between said inlet and outlet means, said upstream section, said spiral flow inducing means, said downstream section and said first filtering medium define a second flow path between said inlet and outlet means in parallel with said first flow path and in that the air flow passing through the first flow path bypasses the spiral flow inducing means but passes sufficiently close to the spiral flow inducing means to permit the latter to impose a spinning action to the air passing through said first flow path.
  • the present invention solves the problems inherent in the prior art heavy duty air filter designs by providing a pair of flow paths which extend through the filter housing between the inlet and outlet.
  • One of the flow paths extends through a centrifugal vane-type separator.
  • the air flow communicated through the centrifugal separator then communicates through a filtering medium preferably a pleated paper.
  • the other flow path extends through a depth-type, filtering medium preferably fibrous, which is located upstream of the turning vanes and which is adapted to remove finer particulate matter from the entering air stream.
  • the air flow communicated through the depth-type medium then communicates through the pleated paper medium.
  • the depth-type medium will plug gradually until the differential required to draw air through the depth-type medium is equal to that necessary to draw air through the centrifugal separator, at which time the loaded depth-type or fibrous filter medium will become almost imperforate, and thereafter all of the flow communicates through the centrifugal separator.
  • the entire pleated paper element is utilized, even that portion of the pleated paper element in series with the depth-type medium after the medium plugs, because the air communicates at relatively low velocity between the pleats of the pleated paper medium, thus assuring loading of the entire pleated paper medium.
  • the invention has the advantage of increasing the capacity of heavy duty air cleaners for use in environments with relatively high contaminant concentrations as compared to the capacity of air filters of similar size known to the prior art, and permits a heavy duty air cleaner to remove finer particles from the entering air flow as compared to air cleaners known to the prior art.
  • a heavy duty air cleaner generally indicated by the numeral 10 includes a housing generally indicated by a numeral 12 comprising a cannister 16 having an open end 14 covered by a removable cover 18. Circumferentially spaced clamps 20 around the periphery of the cannister 16 are provided to hold the cover 18 on the cannister.
  • the container 12 is provided with an inlet 22 which communicates with the ambient air and an outlet 24 which communicates with the carburetor inlet of the vehicle engine.
  • a removable filter element generally indicated by the numeral 26 is received within the cannister 16 through the open end 14 which is closed by the cover 18.
  • the filter element 26 comprises a circumferentially extending outer screen 30, which cooperates with the inner screen 28 to define an annular compartment 32 therebetween.
  • a filtering medium 34 is located in the compartment 32, and comprises a circumferentially extending array of radially tapering pleats of appropriate, conventional filter paper.
  • the inner and outer tips 36, 38 respectively lie adjacent the corresponding inner and outer screen 28, 30.
  • the circular-shaped compartment defined by the inner screen 28 is communicated with the outlet 24.
  • the outer screen 30 cooperates with the outer wall 40 of the cannister 16 to define an annular chamber 42 therebetween, which communicates with the inlet 22.
  • a circumferentially extending belt of a fibrous, depth-type filtering media 44 of a conventional type well-known to those skilled in the art is mounted on the outer screen 30 and extends completely around the filter element 26.
  • a centrifugal separator comprising a circumferentially extending array of turning vanes 46, is also located in the compartment 42 and divides the latter into an upper section 48 communicates with the inlet 22 and into a lower section 50.
  • the depth-type filtering medium 44 therefore, extends continuously along the screen 30 between the upper end 52 of the filter element 26 and the inlet 54 to the vanes 46. Accordingly, the depth-type filtering medium 44 defines the inner circumferentially extending wall of the upper section 48 of the compartment 42.
  • the vanes 46 circumscribe the filter element 26, are of a conventional type, and are capable of inducing a spiral flow component to the air communicated into the compartment 42. Although only a portion of the air is normally forced through the vanes 46, the spiral flow-inducing effect of the vanes, as demonstrated by tests, has an effect above the entrance of the vanes in the inlet portion 48 of the compartment 42. Accordingly, the effect of the vanes 46 not only is felt by the air flow passing through the vanes but is also felt by the air communicated in the inlet 22, as will be discussed in detail hereinbelow, that does not pass through the vanes.
  • the location of the vanes axially within the compartment 42 must be chosen so that there is enough distance between the outlet of the vanes and the lower end 56 of the cannister 16 to permit induction of the spiral flow component, but must be low enough to maximize the surface area of the depth-type filtering media 44 facing the section 48 of the compartment 42.
  • Air in the section 48 can choose between one of two parallel paths to communicate to the outlet 24.
  • One of the paths extends through the fibrous, depth-type media 44 which circumscribes the screen 30 and defines one of the walls in the section 48 of compartment 42, and continues through that portion of the pleated paper 34 which is located above (viewing the Figure) the inlet to the turning vanes 46.
  • the other path in parallel to the first path, extends through the vanes 46, through the lower section 50 of the compartment 42, and that portion of the pleated paper 34 below (viewing the Figure) the inlet 54 to the vanes 46.
  • the depth-type fibrous filter medium 44 is such that it can capture and hold relatively fine particles which might pass through the pleated paper filtering medium 34. The remainder of the air passes through the turning vanes 46 and through the section 50 to the pleated paper medium 34, and from there to the outlet 24.
  • the depth-type fibrous filtering media 44 will gradually plug because of the particles removed from the air stream and entrained in the medium until the pressure differential across the depth-type media 44 and pleated paper 34 is equal to that necessary to draw the air through the turning vanes 46. At this point the loaded depth-type media will become almost imperforate, and substantially all of the air flow communicated through the inlet 22 will be communicated through the turning vanes 46.
  • the pleated paper medium 34 above the entrance to the turning vanes through which air communicated through the now imperforate depth-type media 44 was communicated may be relatively unloaded. Because all of the air through the inlet is now forced through the turning vanes 46, tests have shown that at least some air communicates through the channels 58 defined between the pleats of the pleated paper 34. Of course, this upwardly communicating air (viewing the Figure) will have a very low face velocity. Accordingly, due to the lower face velocity, the pleated paper 34 may be more heavily loaded than would be possible with a higher face velocity than would occur if air were communicated directly from the inlet chamber section 48 of compartment 42 to the pleated paper.
  • the capacity of the air filter made pursuant to the present invention is increased over the same size air filter known in the prior art by (1) the weight of the dust assimilated by the depth-type fibrous filtering material 44; (2) removal of the fine dust particles by the depth-type media which might pass completely through the prior art filter; (3) the higher loading of the portion of the pleated paper medium 34 above the entrance of the turning vanes 46 due to the fact of the relatively low velocity of the air communicated upwardly in the channels between the pleats of the pleated paper medium 34; and (4) the removal of the fine particles by the depth media prior to the air's entry into the portion of the pleated paper medium above the entrance to the vanes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Luftfilter mit einem eine Kammer bildenden Gehäuse (12), einer ringförmigen Filterpatrone (26) in der Kammer mit einer sich am Umfang erstreckenden durchlässigen äußeren Wand (30), die mit einer Gehäusewand zusammenwirkt, um dazwischen in der Kammer einen ringförmigen Einlaßraum (42) zu bilden, mit einem den Luftzutritt in den Einlaßraum vermittelnden Einlaß (22), wobei die Filterpatrone einen Auslaßraum bildet, mit einem den Luftaustritt aus dem Auslaßraum nach Durchtritt der Luft durch die Filterpatrone vermittelnden Auslaß (24), mit in dem Einlaßraum um die durchlässige Außenwand der Filterpatrone herum angeordneten Mitteln (46), die sich quer zur Einlaßkammer zwischen der Gehäusewand und der durchlässigen Außenwand erstrecken, um mindestens einem Teil der durch den Einlaß eintretenden Luft eine spiralförmige Strömungskomponente zu erteilen, wobei die Mittel den Einlaßraum in einen Abschnitt (46) stromauf der die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mittel (46) und in einen anderen Abschnitt (50) stromab der die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mittel unterteilen, wobei der andere Abschnitt (50) ein Volumen aufweist, das ausreicht, um den Eintritt der spiralförmigen Strömungskomponente durch die die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mittel (46) zu erlauben, wobei der Einlaß mit dem stromauf befindlichen Abschnitt (48) in Verbindung steht, und die Filterpatrone die durchlässige Außenwand (30) und ein erstes Filtermedium (34) aufweist, um größere Partikel aus der in das Gehäuse eintretenden Luft zu filtern, sowie ein zweites Filtermedium (44), das auf der Außenseite der durchlässigen Außenwand (30) der Filterpatrone angeordnet ist, um feinere Partikel von der in das Gehäuse eintretenden Luft auszufiltern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden entgegengesetzten Enden des sich stromauf befindlichen Abschnitts (48) des Einlaßraums (42) von den die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mittel (46) und von einem Gehäuseende gebildet werden, daß sich das zweite Filtermedium (44) kontinuierlich an der Außenwand (30) zwischen dem Gehäuseende und den die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mitteln (46) erstreckt und daß der sich stromauf erstreckende Abschnitt (48) und das erste und zweite Filtermedium einen ersten Strömungsweg zwischen dem Einlaß und dem Auslaß (22, 24) bilden, daß der sich stromauf befindliche Abschnitt (48), die die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mittel (46), der stromab befindliche Abschnitt (50) und das erste Filtermedium (34) einen zweiten Strömungsweg zwischen dem Einlaß und dem Auslaß (22, 24) parallel zum ersten Strömungsweg bilden, und daß der durch den ersten Strömungsweg hindurchtretende Luftstrom im Nebenstrom zu den die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mittel, aber ausreichend nahe gegenüber den die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mitteln strömt, um letzteren zu ermöglichen, daß sie der im ersten Strömungsweg strömenden Luft eine Kreisbewegung erteilen.
2. Luftfilter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ringförmige Filterpatrone ein den Auslaßraum abgrenzendes inneres Sieb (28) aufweist, daß die durchlässige Außenwand ein äußeres Sieb (30) ist, das mit dem Gehäuse zur Bildung des Einlaßraumes zusammenwirkt und daß das erste Filtermedium ein zwischen den Sieben angeordnetes gefaltetes Papier ist.
3. Luftfilter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gefaltete Papier auf einer Seite des äußeren Siebes angeordnet ist und ein Teil des gefalteten Papiers dem zweiten Filtermedium zugekehrt ist, das auf der anderen Seite des äußeren Siebes vorgesehen ist, wobei das gefaltete Papier Strömungskanäle zwischen den Falten bildet, wodurch durch den zweiten Strömungsweg strömende Luft durch den dem zweiten Filtermedium zugekehrten Teil des gefalteten Papiers strömt, nachdem der erste Strömungsweg verstopft ist.
4. Luftfilter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die spiralförmige Strömung hervorrufenden Mittel aus einer sich am Umfang erstreckenden Reihe von Leitschaufeln bestehen.
EP80400507A 1979-04-23 1980-04-16 Luftfilter Expired EP0018281B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/032,084 US4235611A (en) 1979-04-23 1979-04-23 Air filter
US32084 1979-04-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0018281A1 EP0018281A1 (de) 1980-10-29
EP0018281B1 true EP0018281B1 (de) 1984-01-04

Family

ID=21863017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400507A Expired EP0018281B1 (de) 1979-04-23 1980-04-16 Luftfilter

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4235611A (de)
EP (1) EP0018281B1 (de)
BR (1) BR8002500A (de)
CA (1) CA1144487A (de)
DE (1) DE3066045D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8102830A1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ193376A (de)
ZA (1) ZA802282B (de)

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JPH09503043A (ja) * 1993-09-24 1997-03-25 ドナルドソン・カンパニー・インコーポレーテッド 空気分配チューブ用ジョイントシール装置
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EP1789159B1 (de) 2004-08-25 2010-12-22 Donaldson Company, Inc. Luftreiniger und austauschbare filterpatronen
EP2086663B2 (de) 2006-10-06 2018-04-11 Donaldson Company, Inc. Luftreiniger
US8414675B2 (en) 2007-04-03 2013-04-09 Donaldson Company, Inc. Air cleaner; air filter cartridge and method of manufacturing
US8066791B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2011-11-29 Donaldson Company, Inc. Air cleaner arrangements with internal and external support for cartridge; components; and, methods
US8292984B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2012-10-23 Donaldson Company, Inc. Air cleaner arrangments with end support for cartridge; components; and, methods
US7740678B2 (en) * 2007-08-07 2010-06-22 Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. High capacity filter
KR101942115B1 (ko) 2011-02-25 2019-01-24 도날드슨 컴파니, 인코포레이티드 에어 필터 카트리지, 그 구성요소 및 에어 클리너 어셈블리
US10806817B2 (en) 2015-12-10 2020-10-20 Earl Vaughn Sevy Annular separator apparatus and method
US9895464B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2018-02-20 Earl Vaughn Sevy Axial, triple-separation, diffusion apparatus and method
US10507258B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2019-12-17 Earl Vaughn Sevy Compact, mobile, modular, integrated diffuser apparatus and method
US9480769B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2016-11-01 Earl Vaughn Sevy Atomization separating and silencing apparatus and method
USD804626S1 (en) 2015-12-15 2017-12-05 Earl Vaughn Sevy Drop-in, modular diffuser
USD801506S1 (en) 2015-12-16 2017-10-31 Earl Vaughn Sevy Rectangular, drop-in, modular diffuser
USD810260S1 (en) 2015-12-16 2018-02-13 Earl Vaughn Sevy Circular, cylindrical, drop-in, modular diffuser
USD811576S1 (en) 2016-02-11 2018-02-27 Earl Vaughn Sevy Atomizer silencer with separator
US11065358B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2021-07-20 Earl Vaughn Sevy Air-blade, silencer and separator apparatus and method
CN109890666B (zh) 2016-10-20 2022-03-11 康明斯滤清系统知识产权公司 平坦的片的间断的定向凸起
US11376541B2 (en) 2016-12-15 2022-07-05 Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. Tetrahedral filter media
EP3401000A1 (de) 2017-05-09 2018-11-14 Donaldson Company, Inc. Adapter und luftfilterpatrone zur verwendung mit solch einem adapter

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA802282B (en) 1981-05-27
DE3066045D1 (en) 1984-02-09
ES490738A0 (es) 1981-02-16
CA1144487A (en) 1983-04-12
BR8002500A (pt) 1980-12-09
US4235611A (en) 1980-11-25
NZ193376A (en) 1983-06-14
ES8102830A1 (es) 1981-02-16
EP0018281A1 (de) 1980-10-29

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