EP0017057B1 - Dispositif pour le préchauffage du mazout - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le préchauffage du mazout Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0017057B1
EP0017057B1 EP80101365A EP80101365A EP0017057B1 EP 0017057 B1 EP0017057 B1 EP 0017057B1 EP 80101365 A EP80101365 A EP 80101365A EP 80101365 A EP80101365 A EP 80101365A EP 0017057 B1 EP0017057 B1 EP 0017057B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flat
ptc
channels
resistors
plastics material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80101365A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0017057A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Eder
Gisbert Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danfoss AS
Original Assignee
Danfoss AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25778422&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0017057(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19792912000 external-priority patent/DE2912000C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19792930996 external-priority patent/DE2930996A1/de
Application filed by Danfoss AS filed Critical Danfoss AS
Priority to AT80101365T priority Critical patent/ATE749T1/de
Publication of EP0017057A1 publication Critical patent/EP0017057A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0017057B1 publication Critical patent/EP0017057B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
    • Y10T137/6606—With electric heating element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for preheating heating oil in front of the nozzle of a burner with a current-carrying PTC element which is in heat-conducting contact with a line leading the heating oil to the nozzle.
  • Small and very small oil burners have considerable advantages for many applications. It is possible with such burners to adapt the heat output to a smaller requirement, as is the case, for example, with floor and room heating systems or the like.
  • the small burner output enables a smaller and therefore cheaper and space-saving boiler.
  • the thermal insulation of the boiler is cheaper and the boiler temperature regulation can be achieved with fewer starts of the burner, which means less pollution of the burner and less environmental pollution.
  • the main problem with low-power oil burners is the small cross-sections of the nozzle channels.
  • the fine nozzle channels lead to poor reproducibility of the oil throughput and often to blockages.
  • the electrical resistance heater has the disadvantage of a large space requirement.
  • An even more serious disadvantage is that electrical resistance heating can cause the oil to overheat above the optimal temperature of, for example, 70 ° -80 ° C, especially when the burner is at a standstill or the flow rate of the oil is reduced. Overheating can lead to undesirable cracking of the heating oil.
  • German utility model 7 811 098 a current-carrying PTC element is used to preheat the heating oil.
  • the PTC thermistor element has the property of regulating its heating power itself in a known manner. This self-regulation prevents the heating oil from overheating without the need for complex additional control measures.
  • the PTC thermistor element is inserted radially into a heat-conducting metallic sleeve which encloses the line carrying the heating oil.
  • the effectiveness of this preheating device is extremely poor because, on the one hand, the electrical insulation required between the PTC thermistor element and the metallic sleeve also represents a thermal resistance, and on the other hand, because of its large surface area, the metallic sleeve leads to high heat losses.
  • the metallic sleeve has a high thermal capacity, so that the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element is sluggish and overheating of the heating oil cannot be reliably ruled out.
  • the device attached to the outside of the feed line takes up a considerable amount of space, so that it cannot be used without structural changes to the entire burner.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a device for preheating heating oil of the type mentioned in such a way that the preheating takes place with a high degree of efficiency, that the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor works practically without delay and that the device integrates space-saving into the nozzle assembly of the burner and can therefore be used without changing the burner structure.
  • At least one plate-shaped PTC element is inserted into the cross section of the nozzle assembly of the burner, that the line carrying the heating oil in the region of the PTC element is designed as at least one flat channel and that at least one flat side of the PTC element on a wall thereof flat channel with thermal contact.
  • the plate-shaped PTC thermistor element sits in the cross section of the nozzle assembly and the supply line for the heating oil is designed as a channel which lies flat against the entire flat side of the PTC thermistor element.
  • the device can therefore be fully integrated into the nozzle assembly of the burner, only the electrical connection lines of the PTC thermistor element having to be led out of the nozzle assembly. The device therefore does not require any changes to the burner structure and can be used in existing burner designs without any problems will.
  • the large-area and direct thermal contact between the PTC thermistor element and the heating oil results in optimal preheating efficiency. Since there are no parts with heat capacity between the PTC thermistor element and the heating oil, the self-regulation of the PTC thermistor element is practically instantaneous. The heating oil is therefore always kept at the optimal preheating temperature and overheating is reliably prevented.
  • the safety regulations require that the heating oil temperature must under no circumstances exceed 95 ° Celsius. This requirement cannot be met in all cases by the self-regulating property of the PTC thermistor elements with absolute certainty, because the electrical data of the PTC thermistor elements have a production-related spread and the heat capacity and heat dissipation of the entire device is also subject to certain production tolerances.
  • a safety thermostat is therefore used in addition to the self-regulating effect of the PTC thermistor element, which interrupts the power supply to the PTC thermistor element as soon as the heating oil exceeds the permissible maximum temperature.
  • a control thermostat can also be used, as is done in connection with other types of preheating, e.g. B. by electrical resistance heating, is known per se.
  • Such a control thermostat connected to the burner control circuit closes an electrical contact when a predetermined minimum oil temperature is reached, as a result of which the oil burner can be put into operation.
  • the control thermostat also opens the electrical contact when the oil falls below the specified minimum oil temperature and shuts down the burner. This prevents the boiler from becoming sooty if the oil temperature is too low.
  • the safety thermostat and the control thermostat are arranged in direct, large-area, heat-conducting contact with the flat channels carrying the heating oil, in which the preheating takes place through the PTC thermistor elements.
  • the safety thermostat and the control thermostat can also be integrated into the cross section of the nozzle assembly and do not change its dimensions which are advantageous for installation.
  • the large-area heat-conducting contact leads to an almost inertia-free determination of the actual heating oil temperature by the thermostats directly at the point at which the heating oil is heated by the PTC thermistor elements.
  • the safety thermostat thus responds to the highest temperature actually reached by the preheating in the entire oil supply line without a major delay. Reliable compliance with the prescribed maximum temperature is thus guaranteed for the entire oil supply system.
  • the device for preheating heating oil has two metallic connecting pieces 10 and 12, the cross section of which is adapted to the cross section of the nozzle assembly of a burner.
  • the connector 10 has a coaxial receptacle with an internal thread, into which the nozzle rod can be screwed.
  • the connector 12 has a receptacle with an internal thread into which the nozzle of the nozzle assembly can be screwed.
  • Through axial bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 serve to supply the heating oil to the nozzle.
  • Two plate-shaped PTC elements 14 are inserted between the connecting pieces 10 and 12.
  • the PTC thermistor elements 14 are arranged with their longitudinal center axis coaxial to the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and thus to the nozzle assembly and axially adjoining one another.
  • On both flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14 are channels 16, which are preferably formed from flat-edge tubes made of brass.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 connect the coaxial bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and serve to supply the heating oil.
  • the width of the flat edge tubes 16 corresponds to the width of the PTC thermistor elements 14, so that they lie over a large area on their entire flat side.
  • conductor layers 18 are applied, which serve as a power supply and are connected to a power source via connecting lines. Between the conductor layers 18 and a thin electrically insulating layer 20 is arranged in the flat edge tubes 16. This insulating layer consists, for example, of thermally sprayed-on aluminum oxide and offers a low thermal resistance.
  • the electrically insulating layer 20 is a layer made of a plastic with high dielectric strength and high heat resistance. Because of the simple production, a film is preferably used. A polyimide film (trade name Kapton) has proven to be particularly suitable. Such a film has a dielectric strength of 280 kV / mm, heat resistance up to 180 ° C for a short time even up to 275 ° C and a high tensile strength. Adequate electrical insulation can therefore be obtained with a film thickness of 0.1 mm. This low film thickness means low thermal insulation and thus the desired good heat transfer.
  • a current supplied via the conductor layers 18 flows through the thermistor elements 14 and heats them.
  • the oil supplied through the flat-edge pipes 16 to the nozzle is heated by the PTC thermistor elements 14, the effect of the PTC thermistor elements 14, which limits current as the temperature rises, has the consequence that the oil is preheated to a predetermined optimal temperature in a self-regulating manner.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 themselves can also be used as power supply lines for the PTC thermistor elements 14.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 only have to be soldered in an electrically conductive manner to the flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14.
  • the power connection lines can then be soldered to the flat edge tubes 16.
  • the flat-edge pipes 16 do not come into electrically conductive contact with the metallic connecting pieces 10 and 12 or the nozzle rod or nozzle inserted into them.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 are also covered at both ends by the insulating plastic 22 and are only connected to the bores of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 via bores in this plastic 22.
  • the connecting pieces 10 and 12 are not continuous, but are closed on their mutually facing end faces.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 are inserted into corresponding through bores of these closed end faces of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and are soldered to them at 26.
  • the flat edge tubes 16 are in electrically conductive connection with the connecting pieces 10 and 12
  • current supply to the PTC elements 14 via the flat edge tubes 16 is not possible. Rather, the power supply must always take place via conductor layers 18 which are separated from the flat-edge tubes 16 by insulating layers 20.
  • the connecting pieces 10 and 12 are connected and held together during manufacture by the flat-edge tubes 16 used, so that the pouring of the plastic 22 is simplified.
  • the pushed-on sleeve 24 can be omitted in this embodiment.
  • the current supply to the PTC thermistor element 14 takes place via conductor layers 18, which are protected by an insulating layer 20 against the oil flowing directly past.
  • a pushed-on sleeve 24 is also provided, which essentially serves to fix the connecting pieces 10 and 12 during the plastic molding process.
  • a PTC element 14 In Fig. 7 only a PTC element 14 is shown. As in the previous exemplary embodiments, two or more PTC thermistor elements 14 can of course be arranged axially one after the other. The number of PTC thermistor elements 14 depends essentially on the heating power required, i. H. essentially after oil flow.
  • a single flat tube 16 is provided, which is arranged with its longitudinal central axis coaxial with the connecting pieces 10 and 12. As in the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 4-6, the flat tube 16 is soldered into corresponding bores in the closed end faces of the connecting pieces 10 and 12.
  • the PTC thermistor elements 14 arranged on both sides of the flat tube 16 are preferably connected in series. This can be done by an electrical line embedded in the plastic 22, which connects the conductor layers of the PTC thermistor elements 14 facing the flat edge tube 16.
  • FIGS. 10-12 is particularly suitable for applications where a high heating power is required without the axial length of the device being allowed to be increased.
  • FIGS. 10-12 Further modifications of the embodiment of FIGS. 10-12 are readily apparent.
  • further flat edge tubes 16 can be arranged on the outer flat sides of the PTC thermistor elements 14 in order to enlarge the oil passage cross section.
  • the structure of the embodiment of FIG. 13 basically corresponds to the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6.
  • a safety thermostat 29 is placed on the outer (in the drawing upper) flat side of the one flat edge tube 16 facing away from the PTC thermistor elements 14.
  • the safety thermostat 29, the conventional type, for. B. can be a bimetal thermostat, lies on the flat side of the flat edge tube 16, so that a good heat transfer between the flat tube 16 and the safety thermostat 29 is guaranteed.
  • the safety thermostat 29 is connected in series in the circuit of the PTC thermistor elements 14 and interrupts this circuit as soon as it reaches a predetermined maximum temperature.
  • This specified maximum temperature is somewhat lower than the maximum oil temperature permitted for preheating the heating oil, which is set at 95 ° C according to the safety regulations.
  • This difference between the maximum allowable oil temperature of z. B. 95 ° C and the response temperature of the safety thermostat 29 takes into account the time delay caused by heat capacity and heat conduction, with which the safety thermostat 29 assumes the temperature of the PTC thermistor elements 14.
  • a control thermostat 30 is seated in the same way over a large area.
  • This control thermostat can also be of a conventional type.
  • the control thermostat 30 is connected to the control circuit of the burner and activates it when a predetermined temperature of z. B. 60 ° C so that the burner can be ignited. If the temperature falls below a predetermined value of z R 40 ° C, the control thermostat 30 puts the burner out of operation. This prevents on the one hand an uneconomical ignition of the burner when the oil temperature is too low and on the other hand prevents sooting when the oil temperature is too low while the burner is in operation.
  • the safety thermostat 29 and the control thermostat 30 also fit into the cross section of the connecting pieces 10 and 12 and thus into the cross section of the nozzle assembly.
  • the thermostats 29 and 30 are also cast in the insulating plastic 22.
  • All embodiments have in common that it is a device whose cross section and thus the outer circumference corresponds to the cross section and outer circumference of the nozzle block, so that this device can be inserted axially into the nozzle block without the geometry and dimensions of the nozzle block and the burner to change. It is also common to all the embodiments that the oil with a large heat exchange surface is passed directly past the PTC thermistor elements, so that optimum efficiency and low inertia are obtained when preheating the heating oil. Despite the large heat exchange surface, the oil does not come into direct contact with the PTC thermistor elements, so that the oil cannot act chemically on the PTC thermistor material.

Claims (17)

1. Dispositif destiné au préchauffage de mazout devant la buse d'un brûleur et comprenant une thermistance à coefficient de température positif ou élément conducteur à froid, parcouru par un courant, qui du point de vue de la conduction thermique se trouve en contact avec un conduit amenant le mazout à la buse, caractérisé en ce que
- au moins un élément conducteur à froid en forme de plaquette (14) est placé dans la section du porte-vent du brûleur;
- le conduit véhiculant le mazout est réalisé, au niveau de l'élément conducteur à froid (14), sous la forme d'au moins un canal plat (16,28); et :
- au moins un côté plat de l'élément conducteur à froid (14) prend appui contre une paroi de ce canal plat (16, 28) de façon à se trouver en contact thermique avec celle-ci.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un seul élément conducteur à froid (14) au contact de chacun des deux côtés plats duquel se trouve un canal plat (16,28).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un seul canal plat (16; au contact de chacune des deux parois duquel se trouve un élément conducteur a froid (14), les éléments conducteurs à froid (14) étant de préférence montés en série.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'au contact de chacun des deux côtés plats extérieurs des éléments conducteurs à froid (14) se trouve un canal plat additionnel.
5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments conducteurs à froid (14) et les canaux plats (16, 28) sont noyés dans une matière synthétique isolante (22)
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les canaux plats sont des tubes aplatis métalliques (16) qui, du point de vue de la conduction électrique, se trouvent en communication avec les éléments conducteurs à froid respectifs (14) et constituent leurs moyens d'amenée de courant et en ce que les tubes aplatis (16) sont isolés électriquement du porte-vent métallique par la matière synthétique (22).
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les canaux plats sont des tubes aplatis métalliques (16) qui sont de préférence reliés au porte-vent métallique, notamment par soudage, et en ce que sur les côtés plats des éléments conducteurs à froid respectifs (14) sont appliquées des couches conductrices (18) leur servant de moyens d'amenée de courant et qui sont séparées des tubes aplatis (16) par une couche électriquement isolante (20) présentant une faible résistance thermique.
8. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les éléments conducteurs à froid (14) sont complètement noyés dans la matière synthétique (22) et en ce que les canaux plats sont des canaux (28), ménagés dans la matière synthétique ou percés dans celle-ci, qui sont séparés par une couche électriquement isolante (20) à faible résistance thermique des couches conductrices (18) servant de moyens d'amenée de courant aux éléments conducteurs à froid (14).
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche électriquement isolante (20) à faible résistance thermique est constituée par de l'alumine appliquée par projection à chaud.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche électriquement isolante (20) à faible résistance thermique est une couche de matière synthétique présentant une rigidité diélectrique élevée et une haute tenue à la chaleur, notamment une mince feuille de matière synthétique et, de préférence, une mince feuille de polyimide.
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément conducteur à froid ou chacun des éléments conducteurs à froid (14) est remplacé par deux ou plusieurs éléments conducteurs à froid se faisant suite en direction axiale.
12. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments conducteurs à froid (14) et les canaux plats (16, 28) sont disposés axialement entre deux pièces de raccordement métalliques (10, 12) qui sont, de préférence, n1ααics d'un filetage pour leur montage axial dans le porte-vent.
13. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que la matière synthétique isolante (22) est coulée entre les pièces de raccordement (10, 12), celles-ci étant, de préférence, maintenues ensemble par une douille métallique extérieure (24) en vue de la coulée de la matière synthétique (22).
14. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un thermostat de sécurité (29) monté en série avec les éléments conducteurs à froid (14) se trouve en contact avec une paroi de l'un des canaux plats (16) de façon qu'il y ait conduction thermique entre cette paroi et le thermostat de sécurité.
15. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un thermostat de commande (30) monté dans le circuit de commande du brûleur est disposé en contact avec une paroi de l'un des canaux plats (16) de façon qu'il y ait conduction thermique entre cette paroi et le thermostat de commande.
16. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2, 14 et 15, caractérisé en ce que le thermostat de sécurité (29) et le thermostat de commande (30) se trouvent respectivement en contact avec la surface extérieure d'un de ces canaux plats (16).
17. Dispositif selon les revendications 5 et 16, caractérisé en ce que le thermostat de sécurité (29) et le thermostat de commande (30) sont, conjointement avec l'élément conducteur à froid (14) et les canaux plats (16), noyés dans la matière synthétique isolante (22).
EP80101365A 1979-03-27 1980-03-17 Dispositif pour le préchauffage du mazout Expired EP0017057B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80101365T ATE749T1 (de) 1979-03-27 1980-03-17 Vorrichtung zum vorwaermen von heizoel.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19792912000 DE2912000C2 (de) 1979-03-27 1979-03-27 Vorrichtung zum Vorwärmen von Heizöl vor der Düse eines Brenners
DE2912000 1979-03-27
DE19792930996 DE2930996A1 (de) 1979-07-31 1979-07-31 Vorrichtung zum vorwaermen von heizoel vor der duese eines brenners
DE2930996 1979-07-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0017057A1 EP0017057A1 (fr) 1980-10-15
EP0017057B1 true EP0017057B1 (fr) 1982-03-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80101365A Expired EP0017057B1 (fr) 1979-03-27 1980-03-17 Dispositif pour le préchauffage du mazout

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4447706A (fr)
EP (1) EP0017057B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1149855A (fr)
DK (1) DK149720C (fr)

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CA1149855A (fr) 1983-07-12
EP0017057A1 (fr) 1980-10-15
DK149720B (da) 1986-09-15
DK149720C (da) 1987-06-01
DK129080A (da) 1980-09-28
US4447706A (en) 1984-05-08

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