EP0015197A1 - Industrial household refuse crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Industrial crusher for the disposal of house-hold refuse, comprising a housing (1) which has, on the one hand, two fixed vertical walls (1c, 1d) which are connected by inverted U-shaped frames (1a, 1b) and between which is mounted a rotor (9) with hammers (38) and a horizontal axle, to which the products to be crushed are conveyed by a feeding hopper (6), and, on the other hand, a grille formed of two halves (25) which can be separated from one another and each of which is fixed to a door (15) capable of sliding along two horizontal rails perpendicular to the axis of the rotor (9), and characterized in that : a) the fixed housing (1) is shaped like a truncated pyramid, the small base of which is situated at the top ; b) each inverted U-shaped frame has "vertical" sides (1a) which have a C-shaped section extending through horizontal planes and the upper part (1b) of which forms the base of the 'U' ; and c) a horizontal guiding device (14) located at an appropriate height relative to the fixed housing (1) serves as a guide way or slide way for the doors (15) which extend virtually over the entire height of the housing and are preferably suspended.

Description

The invention relates to improvements to French patent No. 1,256,305 and to its certificate of addition No. 79,718, which describe a household and industrial waste crusher comprising on the one hand a casing inside which is mounted a hammer rotor with a horizontal axis, to which the products to be ground are conveyed by a lateral hopper which opens into a vertical chimney communicating with this casing, and below which a grid is placed, and on the other hand a chute intended to receive the non-grindable waste, provided with a drain hatch, disposed laterally with respect to an upward extension of the aforementioned chimney, and the top of which is connected by a cover to that of this chimney.

This crusher works very satisfactorily, but there are problems in easily accessing its interior, in particular for carrying out rapid cleaning in the event of jamming or replacing worn hammers, wear plates or grids.

These problems are solved according to the invention by modifying the structure of the mill itself, that is to say the casing containing the rotor and the grids, and by providing it with easily accessible doors.

A crusher according to the invention is characterized in that: a) the casing consists of a fixed part which internally has protection against wear, of conventional type, having substantially the shape of an inverted U and the walls of which vertical support on the one hand the rotor and on the other hand the chimney, and of an opening part made up of two doors which also have a protection in standard type: and b) the grid is made of those halves each of which is fixed to a door mounted so that it can slide along two horizontal rails perpendicular to the vertical plane passing through the middle of the base of the U.

In the accompanying drawings, there is shown schematically and by way of example an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 is a perspective of the actual mill, with only the lower part of the chimney comprising the loading hopper and the lower part of the discharge chute for non-grindable waste.

Figure 2 is a side elevation, along arrow II of Figures 1 and 3, of the mill itself, with only the lower part of the chimney but without the discharge chute of non-grindable waste, and without the motor which operates the rotor.

FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the mill itself, according to arrow III in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Figure 4 is a vertical section through IV - IV of Figure 2 and shows one of the doors open.

Figure 5 is a vertical section through V - V of Figures 3 and 4.

Figure 6 is a horizontal section through VI - VI of Figure 3.

In FIGS. 1 to 3, it can be seen that the grinder according to the invention comprises a fixed casing 1 in the form of a pyramid trunk, the small base of which is at the top and consists of two rectangular frames inclined towards one another as as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the "vertical" sides 1a of which are of L-section by horizontal planes and whose horizontal sides 1b are planar. These frames are connected, to form the casing, by horizontal crosspieces 1c, by vertical fixed plates 1d and by horizontal fixed plates 1e slightly projecting towards the outside. The two frames are connected at their lower end by a base 2 to which they are fixed and which rests on a suitable support 3 inside which is a tank 4 for receiving and evacuating the ground products (FIGS. 2 and 3 ). The sides 1b of the casing 1 constitute the base of an inverted U, the branches of which are the crosspieces 1c and the plates 1d. The chimney 5 of the crusher and its loading hopper 6 (Figures 1 and 2) are essentially supported by these branches. In FIG. 1, we also see at 7 the discharge chute for the non-grindable waste. Ies walls constituted by the plates 1d carry bearings 8 for the rotor 9 of the mill, which will be described in more detail below, and whose shaft 10 is actuated from a motor 11 mounted on a support 12 (Figure 1) by via a coupling 13. Elements 2 to 7 and 11 to 13 are not part of the invention and will therefore not be described in more detail.

According to an important characteristic of the invention, the branches of the U also support a rectangular horizontal frame designated as a whole by 14 and which serves as a raceway for an opening casing formed by two doors 15 around the top of which are fixed members 16 connected by a horizontal crosspiece 17 the ends of which can slide by any means, for example rollers 18 (FIGS. 3 and 4), along the long sides 14a of the frame 14. The doors 15 can be locked in the closed position by locking devices which will be described later. It is however obvious that, on the one hand, the raceways for the doors 15 are not necessarily located at the top of the fixed casing but may include rails fixed to the base 2 or guide devices fixed to the casing 1 at a any suitable height, and secondly that the locking closure devices can be of any type.

In FIGS. 4 to 6, it can be seen that the fixed casing 1 is reinforced internally by lateral shields 20 to 22, while the opening casing 2, that is to say the doors 15, comprises transverse shielding plates 23 , 24 located above the halves 25 of the grinder grate, which are removably fixed, by pins 26, to the lower part of each door 15. Grid guides 27 integral with the fixed casing 1 facilitate setting place halves of the grid when sliding inward of the doors 15 along the raceways 14a of the frame 14.

Each closing device 19 comprises a horizontal lock 28 (FIGS. 1 to 4 and 6) integral with the associated door 15 and pierced with a notch 29 (FIGS. 2 and 6) to receive an element of the body of a tightening flywheel 30 pivoted at 31 to the fixed casing 1. To close the door, the handwheel 30 is rotated until the tightening $ is sufficient to allow four pins 32 to be introduced into holes 33 formed in the sides 1a of the casing 1. To open, the pins 32 are removed and, by loosening the handwheel 30, the door 15 is released from the casing. Immediately unlocked, the steering wheel 30 is made to shunt until its axis can come out of the notch 29, and it is then pivoted around the axis 31 so as to move it away from the door (as seen on the left of Figure 4). We can then slide the door 15 along the raceways 14 a.

Finally, in FIG. 5 and incidentally in FIGS. 3 and 4, we see the rotor 9 which includes the motor shaft 10 and a sub-assembly constituted by a cylinder 34 coaxial with the shaft 10, which is connected to it by seals 35 held by pins 36, and which itself carries parallel axes 37 (FIG. 4), only two of which are visible in FIG. 5, for hammers 38. According to a characteristic of the invention, the rotor 9 is temporarily supported by any suitable means, until its axis coincides with that of the bearings 8. The shaft 10 is then introduced, the pins 36 are put in place, and the temporary support system is dismantled.

On the sides of the fixed casing 1, on each side of the rotor 9, are provided vents 39 (FIG. 3) which allow an air intake on the sides of the rotor in order to avoid jamming of the products between the rotor and the casing. , which reduces wear, facilitates possible sorting and increases the oxygenation of the products.

In addition, thanks to the rotational movement of the rotor, a better expulsion of the products is obtained through the grid 25. In return, there is a pressure in the chimney 5, and consequently all the light products, for example plastics or small pieces of paper, are suspended in it. An extraction system (not shown) of any type is provided on the chimney for the elimination of these light products, and makes it possible to eliminate a significant percentage of plastics, which, even if crushed, are very difficult to eliminate and harm to the good presentation of composts intended for agriculture.

The chimney 5 has the advantage of oxygenating the garbage during their grinding thanks to the amount of air contained therein. Experience has shown that in chimney grinders, putrefying garbage comes out without the foul smells they have when entering. On the contrary, in a conventional grinder without a chimney, this phenomenon does not exist, which proves overabundantly rapid oxidation of the products.

Claims (4)

1 - Industrial household waste crusher comprising on the one hand a casing inside which is mounted a rotor 9 with hammers 38 with a horizontal axis, to which the products to be ground are brought by a lateral hopper 6 which opens into a vertical chimney 5 communicating with this casing, and below which is placed a grid 25 made of two halves separable from one another, and on the other hand a chute 7 intended to receive the non-grindable waste, provided with a hatch drain, disposed laterally with respect to an upward extension of the aforementioned chimney, and the top of which is connected by a cover to that of this chimney, and characterized in that: a) the casing consists of a fixed part 1 which has internally a protection 20 to 22, of the conventional type, against wear, having substantially the shape of an inverted U and whose vertical walls support on the one hand the rotor 9 and on the other hand the chimney 5, and an opening part 2 consisting of two ports es 15 which also have, internally, a protection 23, 24, of conventional type, against wear; and b) each of the two halves of the grid 25 is fixed to a door mounted so that it can slide along two horizontal rails perpendicular to the vertical plane passing through the middle of the base of the U. 2 - crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the sliding doors 15 can be locked in the closed position by a suitable locking device which comprises on the one hand a fixed latch 28 integral with the door and a pivoting flywheel 30 capable to engage the fixed latch and to be tightened or loosened to blocking or unblocking, and on the other hand a series of four pins 32 which make the doors 15 integral with the casing 1. 3 - crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the doors 15 are guided in their movements by rails carried at any suitable height by the fixed casing 1, and for example roll on horizontal rails 14a supported by the base 1b of the U constituting the fixed casing 1 or on rails. horizontal placed on the base 2. 4 - Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that vents 39 are formed in the faces of the fixed casing 1 in the vicinity of the rotor 9 in order to avoid jamming of the ground products between the rotor and the fixed casing and therefore to reduce the 'wear, facilitate possible sorting, and allow to increase the oxygenation of the products.

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