EP0012790A1 - Machine for husking and cleaning cereals - Google Patents

Abstract

A drum (20) with a vertical axle is arranged within an upper housing component (16) which has an annular outlet (42) on the lower part of the drum circumference, below which annular guide devices (54) for the material stream are arranged and an annular air inlet opening (64) which circulates over the entire circumference is provided in the annular channel of the material stream. Connected to the inside of the annular channel guiding the material stream is an annular air extraction channel (68) and below this radial air ducting device is a discharge funnel (80) for the cleaned material. As a result, a satisfactory husking is achieved without damaging the grain. For an even better adaption to the respective type of cereal, an upwardly running annular channel (68) is connected to the radially inner side of the annular conveying channel opposite the annular air inlet (64), a discharge funnel (70) connecting inwardly to the upper side of the annular extraction channel (68), to which discharge funnel a discharge blower (72) is in turn connected, and above the annular air inlet (64) the annular material conveying channel being delimited on the outside by a cylindrical viewing window (78).

Description

The invention relates to a peeling and cleaning device for grain with a drum provided with peeling tools.

Such devices have become known in a wide variety of designs.

The invention has for its object to improve known devices of this type in such a way that a perfect peeling is guaranteed, but damage to the grains is avoided with certainty, adaptation to the most varied types of grain being made possible, so that the device can be used universally and yet can be manufactured at low cost.

The object is achieved in that the drum is arranged with a vertical axis within an upper housing part which has an annular outlet at the lower part of the drum circumference, below which annular guide devices for the material flow are arranged, and that in the ring channel of the material flow one over the Whole circumferential, annular air inlet opening is provided that an annular air suction duct connects to the inside of the ring channel guiding the material flow, and that radial air guidance is provided under this direction connects a discharge funnel for the cleaned material. Further refinements of the invention result from the subclaims.

The invention accordingly provides a device with which various types of grains can be effectively subjected to a dry peeling process, the grains themselves being treated carefully in all types of grain and the risk of the grains being damaged, regardless of their hardness, is low and fragility in detail. The device is very sensitive to wear and tear, the wearable parts are easily replaceable, and it is easy to maintain and operate

The fact that the drum is arranged according to the invention with a vertical axis results in a more uniform feed over the circumference of the drum, where the grains are in contact with the novel peeling elements. This avoids the impact of hard knocks or impacts on the grain during rotation, and an efficient peeling by friction is achieved while these grains move gravitationally from the inlet to the air classifier at the outlet. The device is equipped with all control doors, monitoring windows and setting devices in order to be able to easily monitor and replace the wear parts. A major advantage of the invention is that the device works essentially dust-free, because dust is already canceled by the fans in the peeling stage.

The uniform effect is improved by the disc running at the adjustable speed at the outlet of the peeling drum, whereby the exact time for each type of grain for peeling can be determined, and this increases the danger damage is avoided while the grains are in contact with the rounded peeling elements. The peeling drum is also driven at an adjustable speed. The drum parts have molded ribs or peeling knife, which impart to the grains a uniform delivery rate and the lateral wings _ha - ben a retaining effect at the outlet of which is controlled by the disc.

The device according to the invention prevents the products from agglomerating between the drum, rotor and screen.

The screen surrounding the drum can be easily replaced after removing the housing cover. The shells, which are separated from the grains, are sucked off by the blower in such a way that aggregation of the shell fractions is avoided. The screen opening is arranged in such a way that a continuous free flow of the grains is guaranteed. After the peeling process, the grain products are introduced uniformly into the air separator via the rotating disc. Larger shell sections in the peeled grain are removed if their density is less than the weight of the grains, and this is done by the concentrically inward radial air flow. The function of the air separator is based on gravitation, because the grains fall down evenly in the annular space over 360 ° by gravity until they hit the air flow, which suspends the falling grains and separates them from the other shell sections and lighter particles. The lightweight particles are discharged through the blower and its outlet can then be fed to a cyclone sifter.

The peeled grains collect in the lower part and can be removed from there.

Fine fans and all fragments, hair or the like are already removed together with the dust by the fans arranged next to the drum.

In the device according to the invention, the material is fed to the end face of the drum and from there distributed over 360, the wind vanes on the one hand promoting the uniform feed over the circumference and also generating a belt movement which in turn supports the peeling process.

The peeling elements on the drum shell are adjustable for the respective grain types and can be adapted to practically all types of stone. The central section of the drum casing is provided with the specifically rounded peeling elements, which are provided with ribs or corrugations, these round surfaces being in contact with the cores three times as long as is the case with known devices. Therefore, the friction pressure between the individual parts can be kept very low.

The lower part of the drum is designed in the manner of an arrow wheel motor, with a uniform distribution through the wings. This prevents agglomeration in the lower part and promotes effective peeling. The parts that are effective for the peeling process are made of steel or specially hard rubber, but also of polytetrafluoroethylene. The disc located under the ring outlet of the drum can be driven at a variable speed and the discharge gap can be adjusted by axial adjustment in order to limit the free fall after the outlet opening. The rotating effect promotes the even discharge of the grains.

The air separator, which works with radial air flow, results in an additional length for separating the material current. The light particles and the shells are easily separated from the heavier products. The air volume of the air classifier is adjustable. The inside of the air classifier can be kept smooth, so that air turbulence is prevented and no separated particles can get back into the material flow of the grains. The side glass walls allow the uniformity of the strcm to be checked.

The shells are removed from the peeling chamber by air suction, so that the open space between the screen and the outer housing wall is always empty. All necessary housing openings for air adjustment are integrated in the unit.

The speed of the main shaft of the drum can be adjusted by electronic speed controllers. This increases the effectiveness of the peeling device.

With the device according to the invention it is possible to peel all types of cereal grains, including rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, American millet, corn, beans, including soybeans, peas, lentils, mango beans and similar grains. However, the device is not or less suitable for small grains with a high oil content, e.g. Rapeseed, mustard, sesame or dlg.

• Fig. 1 einen Vertikalschnitt einer kombinierten Schäl-und Abreinigungsmaschine;
• Fig. 2 eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht einer der Figur 1 entsprechenden Abreinigungsmaschine mit Aufgabetrichter;
• Fig. 3 eine teilweise aufgebrochene Ansicht der kombinierten Maschine gemäß Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf den mit vertikaler Achse angeordneten Trommelrotor gemäß Fig. 1 und 3;
• Fig. 5 als Einzelteil die in der Trommel angeordnetem bis 7 Schälelemente in verschiedener Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 8 eine Einzelansicht eines am Trommelrotor angeordneten Schälelementes;
• Fig. 9 einen vertikalen Teilschnitt einer kombinierten Schäl- und Abreinigungsmaschine in einer zweiten Ausführungsform;
• Fig. 10 in größerem Maßstab eine Teilschnittansicht der in der Schälmaschine angeordneten Trommel mit einem Schälelement.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows:

• 1 shows a vertical section of a combined peeling and cleaning machine;
• FIG. 2 shows a partially sectioned view of a cleaning machine with feed hopper corresponding to FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows a partially broken open view of the combined machine according to FIG. 1;
• 4 shows a plan view of the drum rotor according to FIGS. 1 and 3 arranged with a vertical axis;
• Figure 5 as a single part, the arranged in the drum to 7 peeling elements in various embodiments.
• 8 shows a single view of a peeling element arranged on the drum rotor;
• 9 shows a vertical partial section of a combined peeling and cleaning machine in a second embodiment;
• Fig. 10 on a larger scale, a partial sectional view of the drum arranged in the peeling machine with a peeling element.

The combined machine according to FIGS. 1 and 3 has an upper part 10, which forms the peeling machine, and the lower section is formed by a cleaning machine 12 in the form of an air classifier.

Within a housing 16 closed with a cover 14, a peeling drum 20 is rotatably supported by a vertical shaft 18 and is driven by a pulley 22. The drum 20 has wind vanes 24 in its upper end face and carries peeling blades 26 on the outer circumference of the casing, which are adjustably attached to the drum casing by a central fastening pin, so that their angle of attack can be changed. On the central part of the circumference of the drum, peeling elements 28 are interchangeably distributed around the drum shell, These peeling elements, of which various exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, have a threaded pin 30 with which they are screwed into corresponding threaded holes in the drum casing.

5 and 6, the peeling elements are designed as circular cylinders, with an axially parallel corrugation being provided according to FIG. 5, while the peeling element 28 according to FIG. 6 has cross corrugation and the peeling element according to FIG. 7 has a conical shape with cross corrugation.

The wind vanes 24 of the drum 20 and the peeling blades 26 can be seen in detail from FIG. 4 and one of the latter is shown on a larger scale in FIG. 8.

The peeling elements 28 can consist of steel, plastic or rubber. The drum 20 is enclosed by a screen 32 which surrounds the drum 20 at a distance within the housing 16. The peeling material is fed in via a feed tube 34 arranged in the cover 14. On two diametrically opposite sides of the housing 36, fans 38 are arranged via corresponding openings running over the entire height of the housing, which fans already pass through the screen 32 during the peeling process Pull off dust.

The housing base 40 has an annular outlet 42 for the peeled material and the shells between the drum circumference and the screen 32. Under the ring outlet 42, a retention feed plate 44 is rotatably supported coaxially with the drum shaft 18. This disc 44 is connected via a chain 46 and a bevel gear 48 to a drive arranged at 50 in the form of a variable speed hydraulic motor. Below the disk 44, which is equipped with an outer upper annular bead 52, there is a disk 44 outside and below widening conical guide surface 54 inside the housing 56 of the lower air classifier. In the ring space thus formed, the peeled material falls down together with the shells. Under the ring outlet 58 there is a funnel 60 onto which the peeled grain falls, from where it can be drawn off via the outlet 62. An annular air inlet 64 is located between the outlet 58 and the funnel 60 and an annular channel 68 is formed by a slightly conical inner guide surface 66, which opens into another funnel 70 on the upper side, to the outlet of which a suction blower 72 is connected. This fan produces an air flow which, according to the arrows shown, draws the lighter constituents, ie the trays, from the material falling down at the outlet 58 and separates them from the heavier cereals falling through the funnel 60. The tortuous arrangement of the ring channels in conjunction with an appropriately set suction pressure ensures that the shells are pulled off without the risk of cleaned grains being pulled off. Rather, they fall freely under gravity. A cyclone cutter is expediently connected to the front side 74 of the blower 72. The air is adjusted via a swivel flap 76. The housing part surrounding the outlet 58 and arranged within the ring inlet has a glass cylinder 78 through which the falling material can be observed.

The outlet ring gap between disc 44 and ring gap 42 can be changed by an adjusting device 80, which acts on an actuator 82.

The drum 20 can be driven at a variable speed. It is supported by a bearing housing 84.

The lower part 12 of the device according to FIG. 2 corresponds in FIG All essential details of the lower part of the device according to FIG. 1. Instead of the peeling machine, however, a feed device 86 is arranged here. This device 86 has a material inlet 88 at the tip of a housing 90 which tapers conically upwards. The feed rate can be adjusted by means of the adjusting device 94 by axially adjusting a control slide 92. Under the feed opening 88 there is a feed cone 96 inside the housing 90, which corresponds to the guide surface 42 according to FIG. 1. The lower component 12 corresponds to that according to FIG. 1, corresponding parts being provided with the same reference numerals. This device according to FIG. 2 serves to separate peeled grain from the shells. Peeled grain coming from another machine is fed through the inlet 38, which reaches the outlet 58 via the cone 9E and is exposed there to the air flow. In this way, a particularly favorable concentric air flow takes place, which removes the majority of the shells and other particles that cannot be used.

3 shows the machine shown in FIG. 1 in an external view, the housing being broken open only in the drum section.

• Über das Aufgaberohr 34 wird das zu schälende Getreide oder Saatgut aufgegeben. Es gelangt auf die obere Trommelstirnfläche, die mit Windflügeln 24 versehen ist, wodurch der Materialstrom radial nach außen gedrückt wird, und in den Ringraum zwischen Trommelmantel und Siebschirm 32 gelangt. In diesem Ringraum gelangt das Getreide zunächst auf die am oberen Trommelumfang angeordneten Schälschaufeln 26, deren dem Gut ausgesetzte Schneide zweckmäßigerweise konkav gekrümmt ist. Dann gelangen die Körner über die Schälelemante 28 auf die unteren Schälschaufeln, von denen eine in Fig. 8 dargestellt ist. Die dem Gut ausgesetzte Kante 98 weist dabei eine konkave Form auf. Dabei werden leichte Bestandteile wie Staub bereits durch die Ventilatoren 38 seitlich abgesaugt und das Gut fällt durch den Ringspalt 42 auf die Scheibe 44, die in der Höhe je nach dem zu verarbeitenden Gut einstellbar ist. Ebenfalls ist die Drehzahl dieser Scheibe einstellbar, wodurch eine bestimmte optimale Massenströmung auf die konische Leitfläche 42 in etwa gleichmäßiger Verteilung gelangen kann und der Materialstrom ge- I langt von der Leitfläche 54 in den mit Ringauslaß 58 ver sehenen Ringraum, wo der Materialstrom durch das zylindrische Fenster 78 beobachtet werden kann. Die schweren, von Schalen befreiten Körner fallen über den Trichter 60 durch Schwerkraft nach unten, während die Schalen und andere leichte Bestandteile durch den über den gesamten Umfang radial eintretenden Luftstrom nach oben mitgerissen und über das Gebläse 72 abgesaugt werden. Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 9 entspricht dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1.

The device according to FIGS. 1 and 3 works as follows:

• The grain or seed to be peeled is fed via the feed pipe 34. It reaches the upper end face of the drum, which is provided with wind vanes 24, as a result of which the material flow is pressed radially outwards, and reaches the annular space between the drum shell and the screen 32. In this annular space, the grain first reaches the peeling blades 26 arranged on the upper drum circumference, the cutting edge of which is expediently concave is curved. The grains then reach the lower peeling blades via the peeling edge 28, one of which is shown in FIG. 8. The edge 98 exposed to the material has a concave shape. Light components such as dust are already sucked off laterally by the fans 38 and the material falls through the annular gap 42 onto the disc 44, the height of which can be adjusted depending on the material to be processed. The speed of this disk can also be adjusted, as a result of which a certain optimal mass flow can reach the conical guide surface 42 in an approximately uniform distribution and the material flow passes from the guide surface 54 into the annular space provided with ring outlet 58, where the material flow through the cylindrical one Window 78 can be observed. The heavy, shelled grains fall down over the funnel 60 by gravity, while the bowls and other light constituents are entrained upward by the air stream entering radially over the entire circumference and are sucked off by the blower 72. The embodiment according to FIG. 9 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 1.

Here, too, the housing base 40 has an annular outlet 42 for the peeled material and the shells between the drum circumference and the screen 32. Under the ring outlet 42 is a retention feed disc 44 coaxial with the drum; shaft 18 rotatably mounted. This disc 44 is connected via a chain 46 and a bevel gear 48 to a drive arranged at 50 in the form of a hydraulic motor with variable speed. Below the disk 44, which is equipped with an outer upper annular bead, there is a conical guide surface 54 which widens outwards and downwards within the housing 56 of the lower air classifier. The peeled grain falls down together with the shells into the annular space 57 thus formed.

The cleaned grain falls down in this annular space and is drawn off. The lighter components, i.e. the shells are drawn off via an inner ring channel 68 and sucked off via the inner funnel 70 by a fan, not shown in FIG. 9.

In this embodiment according to FIG. 9, the annular space 100 formed between the cylindrical screen 32 and the housing 16, on the annular ceiling of which the suction openings 37 of the fans 38 connect, has a step shoulder 102 which is provided with holes 104. Under this step wall 102 fixed to the housing, an adjusting ring 106 can be rotated about the axis of the drum shaft 18. This adjusting ring 106 also has holes 108 which can be more or less aligned with the holes 104 fixed to the housing. This configuration ensures that the material emerging radially outwards through the screen 32 can be sucked off more favorably by turning in each case an adjustable amount of secondary air that is drawn in by pulling the adjusting ring 106 and which draws off the material in a more favorable form, while at the same time ensuring that the flow of material through the openings 42 downward is not impaired.

The ring wall 31, which carries the screen 32, is made of ceramic material, as a result of which a particularly favorable peeling process is achieved in cooperation with the peeling blades 36 of the drum. Through the holes 34 distributed over the circumference of the lid 14, the unshelled material reaches the annular gap between the drum and the peeling wall 31 in a distributed form, whereby a favorable peeling effect already results in this area.

Fig. 2 shows one of the peeling tools 28 which are arranged on the drum circumference opposite the screen 32. This peeling tool consists of a ceramic head 110, which with an inner steel sleeve 112 is glued. This steel sleeve is screwed with its internal thread onto the thread of a clamping bolt 114 which is passed through a sleeve 116 which carries the ceramic head 110 with an outer flange 118 and is held on the drum shell with a nut 120 screwed onto its external thread. The clamping bolt 114 is secured by a nut 122 supported against the sleeve 116. In this way, if the ceramic head 110 is damaged, it can easily be removed and replaced by loosening the nut 122, pulling out the bolt 114 with the head 110 and then unscrewing the steel sleeve 112. A new ceramic head 110 with its steel sleeve 112 glued to it can then be screwed onto the bolt, and then only the bolt inserted through the sleeve 116 needs to be secured by the nut 122.

Claims (16)

1. peeling and cleaning device for grain with a drum provided with peeling tools, characterized in that
that the drum (20) is arranged with a vertical axis within an upper housing part (16) which has an annular outlet (42) at the lower part of the drum circumference, below which annular guiding devices (54) for the material flow are arranged, and that in the annular channel of the material flow, an annular air inlet opening (64) running around the entire circumference is provided, that an annular air suction duct (68) connects to the inside of the ring duct guiding the material flow, and that under this radial air guiding device a discharge funnel (80) for the cleaned material connects. 2. Device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the drum shell is enclosed by a cylindrical screen sieve (32), and that the ring outlet (42) lies between the drum circumference and this screen. 3. Device according to claim 1,
characterized, .
that the drum jacket has peeling blades (26) on the upper and lower circumference of the drum and in between peeling elements (28). 4. Apparatus according to claim 3-,
characterized,
that the peeling blades (26) arranged obliquely to the surface line of the drum and with respect to their are adjustable. 5. The device according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the peeling elements (28) designed as a rotating body can be screwed into threaded bores of the drum shell by means of a threaded shaft (30). 6. The device according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the peeling elements (28) have a cylindrical head which has an axially parallel or crossed corrugation. 7. The device according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the peeling elements (28) have a conical shape with corrugation. 8. The device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that a retaining feed disk (44) is rotatably arranged under the ring outlet (42) and that the disk (44) can be driven by means of a drive (50) which is adjustable with respect to the speed. 9. The device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that on the radially inner side of the annular delivery channel opposite the ring air inlet (64) is connected an upwardly extending ring channel (68), that an suction funnel (70) adjoins the top of the annular discharge channel (68), to which a suction fan (72) is connected and that the annular material feed channel is delimited on the outside by a cylindrical viewing window (78) above the annular air inlet (64). 10. The device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that a feeding device (86) can be placed on the cleaning machine (12) instead of the peeling machine, the feeding cone (96) of which runs into the annular material channel 11. peeling device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the annular space (100) formed between the screen sieve (32) and the housing (16) and connected to the suction fan (38) via the suction openings (37) has secondary air suction openings (104, 108) in the housing thread (16). (Fig. 10). 12. peeling device according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the cross-sectional area of the suction openings (104, 106) is adjustable. 13. peeling device according to claims 11 and 12,
characterized,
that the housing (16) has an annular step wall (102) which projects inwards in the upper part of the screen (32) and is provided with holes (104), and that an adjusting ring (106) can be rotated relative to this step wall (102), which has holes (108) which can be more or less aligned with the holes (104) by rotating the adjusting ring. 14. Peeling device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in
that the upper part of the drum (32) in the area of the scraper blades (26) is enclosed by a ceramic ring wall (31) and that the screen (32) forms a continuation of the ceramic ring wall (31) which follows downwards. 15. peeling device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the peeling tools (28) consist of ceramic heads (110) in the central region of the drum shell. 16. peeling device according to claim 15,
characterized,
that the ceramic heads (110) are each glued to a steel sleeve (112) which can be screwed onto a socket pin (114), that the socket pin is guided through a sleeve (116) fixed in the drum shell, which with an outer flange (118) carries the ceramic head (110) and that the sleeve (114) is secured to the inner drum shell by a nut (120) and that the bolt (144) is secured to the sleeve (116) by a nut (122).

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