EP0010679B1 - Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0010679B1
EP0010679B1 EP79103980A EP79103980A EP0010679B1 EP 0010679 B1 EP0010679 B1 EP 0010679B1 EP 79103980 A EP79103980 A EP 79103980A EP 79103980 A EP79103980 A EP 79103980A EP 0010679 B1 EP0010679 B1 EP 0010679B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
heat exchanger
hot
gas collector
cold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79103980A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0010679A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Maus
Helmut Ing. Grad. Swars
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Niemeyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh
Original Assignee
Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh filed Critical Ght Gesellschaft fur Hochtemperaturreaktor-Technik Mbh
Priority to AT79103980T priority Critical patent/ATE4747T1/de
Publication of EP0010679A1 publication Critical patent/EP0010679A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0010679B1 publication Critical patent/EP0010679B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for gases of high temperature, in particular for the transfer of heat from a high-temperature reactor from a primary gas circuit to a secondary gas circuit.
  • the secondary gas is to be conducted in counterflow to the primary gas in numerous parallel U-pipes.
  • Heat exchangers whose heat-transferring surfaces consist of U-tubes, have considerable advantages, particularly as steam generators, compared to heat exchangers with straight tubes, because the U-tubes are firmly clamped at both ends, but with their U-bends against the housing or against them Can extend the suspension freely.
  • the U tubular heat exchangers Compared to the reversible tubular heat exchangers proposed for gases of high temperature, the U tubular heat exchangers have several significant advantages.
  • U-tubes are easier to check and repair after assembly and also after a long period of operation, because you can quickly and reliably check the long, straight legs of these U-tubes from the inside with long probes, which is the case with spiral tube heat exchangers because of the complicated shape is very difficult.
  • a gas heat exchanger operated in counterflow between the primary and secondary medium has only a small temperature difference, which is also approximately constant over the length of the pipes, so that no significant temperature differences can occur in the pipes themselves, in their suspension or in the duct walls surrounding the pipes. which cause impermissible tensions.
  • a U-tube heat exchanger for gases of, for example, 950 ° C has considerable problems because the supply and discharge lines and the corresponding collectors for the cold or hot gas have to be separated spatially and constructively from one another, in order to avoid stresses between components - Avoid different temperatures and, on the other hand, undesirable heat losses. Since the supply and discharge lines and the corresponding collectors for the cold or hot gas have considerable dimensions and accordingly with different. Operating conditions, particularly in the longitudinal direction, very different expansions are to be expected, at least one collector should be elastically fastened. The U-tubes themselves cannot accommodate these expansions because, at the high temperatures provided here, the voltages that are still permissible for the usable. ren active ingredients are low.
  • DE-OS 2658086 describes a heat exchanger for gas-cooled high-temperature reactors with a U-tube bundle for the coolant, which is arranged in a ring around a central distributor tube for the heating medium, the coolant flowing through the U-tube bundle from an outer distributor chamber into an inner collector and that Heating medium is guided in counterflow along the U-tube bundle.
  • the two legs of the U-tubes are separated by a wall for flow control.
  • the U-tubes are rigidly attached at both ends, so that different expansions and thus undesirable stresses occur in the U-tubes at the different temperatures to be expected in the hot and cold leg.
  • the object of the present invention is to design a heat exchanger according to the preamble of the first claim in such a way that it is suitable for maximum temperatures of approximately 950 ° C. and for temperature differences of approximately 650 ° C. between the gas inlet and the gas outlet and therefore impermissible voltages in the U. Tubes due to different temperatures of other components can be largely avoided.
  • this heat exchanger should be fully testable and, insofar as it is used for nuclear reactor plants, it should be possible to test it remotely from the secondary gas side without having to open the primary gas circuit.
  • the heat exchanger proposed in the first claim avoids stresses because the. U-pipes themselves and the Kait gas collector attached to them can freely expand compared to the hot gas collector and the housing. Since the cold gas collector is not endangered by high temperatures either on the primary or on the secondary side of a gas heat exchanger operated in countercurrent, this cold gas collector can be connected to the housing with conventional, flexible elements such as corrugated pipes. The components of the cold gas collector can also be protected from the high temperatures of the hot gas collector by spatial separation and appropriate insulation. The flexible elements are not burdened by the weight of the U-tubes.
  • the proposed partition wall has a temperature locally in a countercurrently operated heat exchanger that differs only slightly from the temperature of the adjacent heat exchanger tube. Since this partition is thin-walled and insulated on one side and a gas stream flows against it on the other side at high speed, this partition has approximately the same temperature as the neighboring heat exchanger tube even when the gas temperature changes due to operation and accordingly expands to the same extent like this pipe out. Therefore, very different expansions cannot occur between pipes and partition, and this partition can be used not only for gas routing, but also as a load-bearing connection between the hot gas collector and the cold gas collector.
  • the space proposed in the second claim, which is separate from the primary gas circuit, is of essential importance in heat exchangers for nuclear power plants, since the primary gas circuit inevitably contains radioactive contaminants. If you fill this space with the pure primary medium and ensure it by means of a suitable regulation or by pressure equalization via a filter; - That the pressure in the room is always the same as in the primary gas circuit, then this room is not endangered by the high pressure of the primary gas circuit. If, in addition, a slight excess pressure is maintained in this room compared to the primary gas circuit, then it is even guaranteed that no radioactive contaminants can penetrate into this room even with small leaks.
  • These flexible elements can either be two corrugated tubes arranged concentrically one inside the other, which form an annular space, or a plurality of corrugated tubes of smaller diameter distributed over the circumference. Both embodiments can form the separate space described in claim 2, the supply lines from the outside to the cold gas collector being arranged inside or outside this space.
  • the mounting of the U-tubes proposed in claim 3 transfers the weight of the U-tubes and their forces to the central hot gas collector, so that the U-tubes laid from this clamping to the hot gas collector with an arc only have to absorb the low forces that can result from a different expansion of the hot gas collector and holder.
  • the conical shape of the central hot gas collector proposed in claim 4 allows the vertical U-pipes arranged at different distances from the center of the collector to be connected to the central hot gas collector with the same bend, so that the stresses in all pipe bends are the same.
  • the insulating wall proposed in claim 5 between the central hot gas collector and the primary gas inlet separates this collector from the hot primary gas circuit. Therefore, this collector can only have the temperature of the secondary gas, which is about 50 ° below that of the primary gas. At the high temperatures provided here, 50 ° is less important for the strength of the collector.
  • the sheet metal jackets proposed in claims 6 and 7 are intended on the one hand to prevent the hot primary gas from flowing past the U-tubes without heat exchange and on the other hand to reduce the heat exchange between two hot gas streams of different temperatures. Therefore, a non-insulated sheet metal jacket is initially provided in the immediate vicinity of the U-tube bundle, which is constantly at the same temperature as the tube bundle itself and therefore expands with it in the same sense. Another insulated sheet metal jacket is attached to the housing and can therefore expand completely independently of the tube bundle. The one between these two sheet metal jackets; existing gap is only at its cold end due to a permissible, flexible element there. ment, for example a corrugated tube, closed so that no subsets of the primary gas can flow through this gap without heat exchange with the U-tubes.
  • the corrugated cross section of the sheet metal jacket solves two different problems; on the one hand, the sheet metal jackets become flexible in the circumferential direction, so that they can expand together with the tube bundle; on the other hand, these waves, if their division corresponds to the neighboring pipe division, avoid that between. Channels are created in the U-tubes and the sheet metal jackets, in which the gas finds a lower flow resistance, accordingly flows there faster and is cooled less, so that different gas temperatures can ultimately be expected across the cross-section.
  • the support proposed in claim 8 should carry the cold gas collector and the components attached to it during inspections and repairs, so that the upper part of the hot gas collector can be removed and its lower part can be checked.
  • this support can serve as a safeguard against the heat exchanger falling and as a limitation of the vibrations during earthquakes.
  • the completely closed, cylindrical heat exchanger housing 1 is delimited at its upper end by a support plate 2 to which an upper central hot gas pipe 3 is fastened, which in turn carries a lower central hot gas collector 4. Both parts are protected on the inside by the insulation 5.
  • the insulation 5 In the lower conical part of the central hot gas collector 4 the. hot ends of the U-tubes 6, which are clamped at 7 and carried by the central hot gas collector 4 with a special holder 8.
  • this collector 4 carries a double-walled and also U-shaped partition 9 in longitudinal section, which is filled with insulation 10.
  • the U-tubes 6 form an annular tube bundle, which is delimited both internally and externally first by a concentric, non-insulated sheet metal jacket 11 of U-shaped longitudinal section and then by two concentric, insulated sheet metal jackets 12 and 13. A gap is provided between these sheet metal shells, which is flexibly sealed at the cold end by a corrugated tube 14.
  • the U-tubes 6 and the double-walled partition 9 carry at their cold end an annular tube plate 15, on the top of which an annular cold gas collector 16 is also releasably attached. In this collector 16 several, distributed over the circumference helically wound cold gas pipes 17 open, which lead the cold secondary gas from the outside to the U-tubes 6.
  • the tube plate 15 forms, together with the upper end of the housing 1, with the support plate 2 and with at least two concentric corrugated tubes 18 and 19, a space 20 which is separate from the primary gas circuit underneath and which in FIG. 1 also encloses the tubes 17.
  • this space 20 is filled with the pure medium of the primary gas circuit and is kept at the pressure of the primary gas circuit by means of a control system (not shown in more detail) or by means of pressure compensation. In this way, this space 20 is not burdened by pressure differences and can be opened from outside when the pressure in the primary gas circuit is reduced and can be used for inspection and repair of the collectors 16 and the U-tubes 6 without the primary gas circuit itself having to be opened.
  • Below the hot gas collector 4 there is an insulating wall 21 which is fastened to the holder 8 and separates the hot gas collector 4 from the primary gas circuit.
  • FIG. 2 shows with the same designations as in FIG. 1 how the U-tubes 6 are arranged in cross-section with their cold leg 6b and the warm leg 6a.
  • the primary gas temperature should not have any significant differences in cross-section with regard to the lowest possible thermal stresses. Therefore, the flow resistance and thus also the free cross-sections outside the U-tubes must remain the same in cross-section from the outside to the inside. It has therefore proven to be expedient to arrange the individual U-tubes with constant pitch in involute-curved vertical surfaces. These curved surfaces, each consisting of thirteen U-tubes 6 in FIG. 2, can be preassembled in the workshop and then assembled as a whole surface in the concentric sheet metal jacket 11.
  • the insulated sheet metal wall 13 which serves as a guide for the incoming hot primary gas, is surrounded at a distance by the inner sheet metal jacket 11a, which, together with the inner partition wall 9a, delimits the hot legs 6a of the U-tubes 6, while the outer partition 9b together with the outer sheet metal jacket 11b: the cold legs 6b of the U-tubes 6 are limited.
  • the insulated sheet metal jacket 12 is arranged at a distance, which in turn, together with the housing 1 (not shown in FIG. 2), represents an annular channel for the cooled primary gas flowing downward.
  • the partitions 9 and sheet metal jackets 11 are shown in FIG. 2 with a corrugated cross section.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show how the hot ends of the U-tubes 6 are fastened between the holder 8 and the partition 9.
  • Two cylindrical sleeves 30 are fastened one above the other on the U-tubes 6, for example by high-temperature soldering. 'Between these two sleeves 30 corresponding sheet metal strips 31 are inserted during assembly, which are bent in an involute manner and angled at both ends, so that they fit into a corresponding rotation of the holder 8 or on the partition 9.
  • FIG. 5 shows, as an alternative to FIG. 1, the upper part of the heat exchanger housing 1, which is likewise delimited at its upper end by a support plate 2, to which an upper central hot gas pipe 3 is fastened, which in turn carries a lower central hot gas collector 4.
  • a hollow annular cold gas collector 32 is provided here, which, like in FIG. 1, can be supplied with cold gas pipes 33 from the outside with several cold gas pipes 33 distributed over the circumference.
  • the cold gas collector 32 itself is closed during normal operation with one or more lids 34, which are arranged within a space 20 separate from the primary gas circuit, which has the same function as the corresponding space 20 in FIG.

Claims (8)

1. Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température, notamment pour la transmission de la chaleur d'un réacteur à haute température d'un circuit de gaz primaire à un circuit de gaz secondaire; le gaz secondaire passe à contre-courant du gaz primaire dans un grand nombre de tubes en U (6) verticaux et montés en parallèle; les tubes en U (6) sont portés par un collecteur de gaz chaud (4), débouchent à l'extrémité chaude dans celui-ci et à l'extrémité froide dans un collecteur de gaz froid (16); le collecteur de gaz chaud (4) est fixé dans la direction longitudinale rigidement à la calandre (1) de l'échangeur de chaleur; entre les deux ailes des tubes en U (6) est interposée une cloison de séparation (9); cet échangeur est remarquable par les caractéristiques suivantes:
a) le collecteur de gaz froid (16) est fixé de manière souple à la calandre (1);
b) la cloison de séparation (9) sert de liaison porteuse entre le collecteur de gaz chaud (4) fixe et le collecteur de gaz froid (16) monté souple suivant la direction axiale.
2. Echangeur de chaleur suivant la revendication 1, pour installations d'énergie nucléaire ayant les caractéristiques suivantes:
a) au collecteur de gaz froid (16) est raccordée, par des éléments souples (18 et 19), une chambre (20) distincte du circuit de gaz primaire;
b) cette chambre (20) comporte un accès de l'extérieur vers le collecteur de gaz froid (16) en traversant un couvercle (36).
3. Echangeur de chaleur suivant la revendication 1, ayant la caractéristique suivante:
a) les extrémités chaudes des tubes un U (6) sont montées par leur partie rectiligne supérieures sur une fixation (8) disposée dans le collecteur de gaz chaud (7) central, et mènent de là, par une courbure de tuyau élastique, au collecteur de gaz chaud (4).
4. Echangeur de chaleur suivant la revendication 3, ayant la caractéristique suivante:
a) le collecteur de gaz chaud centrât est conique dans la région des embouchures tubulaires des tubes en U.
5. Echangeur de chaleur suivant la revendication 1, ayant la caractéristique suivante:
a) entre le collecteur de gaz chaud central pour le gaz secondaire et le circuit de gaz primaire est interposée une paroi isolante.
6. Echangeur de chaleur suivant la revendication 1, ayant les caractéristiques suivantes:
a) les tubes en U sont entourés, aussi bien vers l'extérieur que vers l'intérieur, de deux enveloppes concentriques en tôle (11 et 12, et 11 et 13);
b) entre ces deux enveloppes de tôle est prévu un intervalle;
c) cet intervalle est ouvert à l'extrémité chaude et est fermé à l'extrémité froide, par un élément souple (14);
d) l'enveloppe en tôle (12 et 13) qui n'est pas adjacente au faisceau de tube, est isolée par ces deux, enveloppes de tôle.
7. Echangeur de chaleur suivant la revendication 2, ayant la caractéristique suivante:
a) les cloisons de séparation ou l'enveloppe de tôle (11) adjacentes au faisceau de tube en U (6) ont une section droite ondulée.
8. Echangeur de chaleur suivant la revendication 1 dans une calandre ayant les caractéristiques suivantes:
a) en-dessous du collecteur de gaz froid (16) est prévu, sur la calandre (1), un appui (37) pour ce collecteur;
b) la partie supérieure (3) du collecteur de gaz chaud (4) peut être démontée par le haut.
EP79103980A 1978-10-26 1979-10-15 Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température Expired EP0010679B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79103980T ATE4747T1 (de) 1978-10-26 1979-10-15 Waermetauscher fuer gase von hoher temperatur.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782846581 DE2846581A1 (de) 1978-10-26 1978-10-26 Waermetauscher fuer gase von hoher temperatur
DE2846581 1978-10-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0010679A1 EP0010679A1 (fr) 1980-05-14
EP0010679B1 true EP0010679B1 (fr) 1983-09-21

Family

ID=6053147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79103980A Expired EP0010679B1 (fr) 1978-10-26 1979-10-15 Echangeur de chaleur pour gaz à haute température

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4285393A (fr)
EP (1) EP0010679B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5560191A (fr)
AT (1) ATE4747T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE2846581A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2535836A1 (fr) * 1982-11-05 1984-05-11 Novatome Echangeur de chaleur pour fluides a temperature elevee dont l'un des fluides entre et sort par la partie superieure de l'echangeur
CH662638A5 (de) * 1982-11-24 1987-10-15 Sulzer Ag Waermeuebertragersystem, vorzugsweise fuer ein prozessgas.
FR2548345B1 (fr) * 1983-07-01 1985-10-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur de chaleur c
GB2152204B (en) * 1983-12-30 1988-02-24 Smidth & Co As F L Heat exchanger
JPS60170589U (ja) * 1984-04-20 1985-11-12 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 熱交換器
CH665274A5 (de) * 1984-07-05 1988-04-29 Sulzer Ag Waermeuebertrager.
DE3529634A1 (de) * 1985-08-19 1987-02-26 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Waermetauscher fuer den waermetausch zwischen einem heissen gas und einem in rohrbuendelheizflaechen gefuehrten stroemungsmittel, insbesondere dampferzeuger fuer gasgekuehlte hochtemperaturreaktoren
US4861661A (en) * 1986-06-27 1989-08-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Co-spun filament within a hollow filament and spinneret for production thereof
US5140886A (en) * 1989-03-02 1992-08-25 Yamaha Corporation Musical tone signal generating apparatus having waveform memory with multiparameter addressing system
SE519051C2 (sv) * 2001-05-21 2003-01-07 Rekuperator Svenska Ab Anordning vid röranslutning för värmeväxlare
WO2003056265A1 (fr) * 2001-12-25 2003-07-10 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Echangeur thermique

Family Cites Families (15)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR702777A (fr) * 1930-09-24 1931-04-16 échangeur de température
US2468903A (en) * 1945-09-22 1949-05-03 Tech Studien Ag Vertical tubular heat exchanger
US3156296A (en) * 1960-12-05 1964-11-10 C Aug Schmidt Sohne G M B H Ma High pressure pre-heater for feed water
US3187807A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-06-08 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat exchanger
GB1175972A (en) * 1966-10-13 1970-01-01 English Electric Co Ltd Heat exchangers.
DE1551050A1 (de) * 1967-03-25 1970-02-05 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger,insbesondere fuer Druckwasserkernreaktoren
US3596638A (en) * 1968-10-15 1971-08-03 Siemens Ag Forced-flow steam generator to be heated by pressurized coolant of a nuclear reactor
US3670810A (en) * 1971-01-15 1972-06-20 Atomic Power Dev Ass Inc Heat exchanger
US3741167A (en) * 1971-03-02 1973-06-26 Foster Wheeler Corp Sodium heated steam generator
US3850231A (en) * 1973-05-24 1974-11-26 Combustion Eng Lmfbr intermediate heat exchanger
DE2539440C3 (de) * 1975-09-04 1979-06-07 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Wärmetauscher mit zwei ineinander angeordneten zylindrischen Behältermänteln, die Ringräume bilden
AT339934B (de) * 1976-02-27 1977-11-10 Voest Ag Warmetauscher
DE2612081A1 (de) * 1976-03-22 1977-10-20 Kraftwerk Union Ag Dampferzeuger fuer druckwasser- kernreaktoren
US4098329A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-07-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Modular heat exchanger
CH607803A5 (fr) * 1976-11-12 1978-10-31 Sulzer Ag

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2966196D1 (en) 1983-10-27
JPS6334395B2 (fr) 1988-07-11
US4285393A (en) 1981-08-25
JPS5560191A (en) 1980-05-07
ATE4747T1 (de) 1983-10-15
EP0010679A1 (fr) 1980-05-14
DE2846581A1 (de) 1980-05-08

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