EP0004213B2 - Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung mit pneumatischer und magnetischer Blasung - Google Patents

Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung mit pneumatischer und magnetischer Blasung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0004213B2
EP0004213B2 EP19790400093 EP79400093A EP0004213B2 EP 0004213 B2 EP0004213 B2 EP 0004213B2 EP 19790400093 EP19790400093 EP 19790400093 EP 79400093 A EP79400093 A EP 79400093A EP 0004213 B2 EP0004213 B2 EP 0004213B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compartment
arc
coil
contact
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790400093
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0004213A1 (de
EP0004213B1 (de
Inventor
Georges Bernard
Jacques Hennebert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=9205284&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0004213(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0004213A1 publication Critical patent/EP0004213A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0004213B1 publication Critical patent/EP0004213B1/de
Publication of EP0004213B2 publication Critical patent/EP0004213B2/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field

Definitions

  • the known device comprises an enclosure subdivided into two compartments, an arc-forming compartment and a compartment for expanding the compressed gas under the thermal action of the arc.
  • the fixed contact assembly comprises a blowing coil, capped by an annular electrode and surrounding the fixed contact and any escape of gas through the coil is prevented by a sealed bottom constituting the bottom of the enclosure.
  • the arc drawn between the contacts during their separation switches to the annular electrode by switching on the coil.
  • the arc is blown in rotation by the magnetic field generated by the coil and causes the gas to heat up and compress.
  • the compressed gas escapes to the expansion compartment, through the movable tubular contact and this centripetal flow causes the arc towards the center with a risk of re-ignition on the fixed contact by switching off the coil, which compromises the extinction of the arc.
  • the present invention aims to allow the realization of a simple and reliable arc extinguishing device with pneumatic and magnetic self-blowing which avoids any risk of de-excitation of the coil.
  • the separation of the contacts causes the opening of the exhaust conduits and the initiation of an arc which quickly switches to the annular electrode for switching on the magnetic blow-off coil.
  • the arc blown magnetically by the coil sweeps the space of the breaking chamber by heating the volume of gas whose pressure increases.
  • the compressed gas escapes through the tubular contacts by pneumatically blowing the two rotating arc roots on annular tracks. Tests have confirmed the breaking performance of such a device.
  • the blow coil is shunted in the closed position of the contacts and therefore it is possible to use a coil capable of generating a strong magnetic blow field. By placing the coil inside the fixed contact, the pneumatic centripetal blowing does not risk compromising the magnetic blowing.
  • a known device (publication CH-A 583 456) describes err with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 8, 9, a circuit breaker with an enclosure subdivided into three chambers, an arc-forming chamber, framed by two expansion chambers, each of the latter communicating with the formation chamber by a conduit formed in a tubular contact.
  • the circuit breaker When the circuit breaker is opened, two independent arcs are drawn in the formation chamber, one between the two tubular contacts and the other between auxiliary contacts arranged in a loop to generate a magnetic field of magnetic blowing in rotation of the 'arc drawn between these auxiliary contacts.
  • the arc drawn between the tubular contacts is blown pneumatically and its extinction causes interruption of the current.
  • the rotating arc drawn between the auxiliary contacts generates overpressure in the formation chamber and it is withdrawn from a pneumatic blowing action which risks compromising the magnetic blowing.
  • Document FR-A-2 389 219 describes a circuit breaker similar to that of the aforementioned document Brown Boveri Mitteilung.
  • An insulating pin occupies the central space of the fixed contact to expel the arc from this area and prevent, after switching, an arc return on the fixed contact part.
  • Document US-A-2 333 598 relates to a rotary arc circuit breaker with gas flow through the two tubular contacts as soon as they separate.
  • the blowing gas is supplied by a compressor independent of the circuit breaker, which complicates the installation.
  • the blow coils are continuously traversed by the current.
  • a pole of a circuit breaker comprises a sealed enclosure 10 made of insulating material, filled with insulating gas of high dielectric strength, in particular sulfur hexafluoride, and closed by a cover 12 sealed on an annular rim 14 of the 'enclosure 10.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a pair of fixed and movable hollow contacts 26, 28 in the form of a nozzle, aligned in the direction of the axis XX '.
  • the fixed contact 26 has an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the movable contact 28 to allow interlocking in the closed position.
  • a control rod 30 of conductive material is slidably mounted in a support member 32 and connects the movable contact. sliding 28 to a crank operating mechanism 34.
  • the control rod 30, contact 28 assembly passes through a small clearance an opening 36 formed in the partition 16, and is provided with an axial conduit 38 which communicates with the compartment 20 by orifices 40.
  • a contact socket 42 sliding on the control rod 30 connects the latter to the support 32 and to a connection terminal 44 external to the enclosure 10.
  • An opposite terminal 48 is connected by a support piece 50 in fixed contact 26.
  • An axial conduit 52 is formed in the assembly, support part 50, fixed contact 26, which passes through the partition 18. The conduit 52 communicates with the compartment 24 by orifices 54.
  • a cylindrical electromagnetic coil 56 is fixed on the face of the partition 18 in the intermediate compartment 22 and surrounds the fixed contact 26 with the interposition of an insulating sheath 58.
  • An annular electrode 60 forming a short-circuited ring is attached to the free face of the coil 56 while being separated from the end of the fixed contact 26 by an axial air gap e1 sufficiently small to facilitate the migration of the arcing roots of the contact fixed 26 towards the electrode 60 at the start of the contact opening stroke 28.
  • One end of the coil 56 is connected to the electrode 60 and the opposite end is connected to the support piece 50 by a conductive sleeve 62.
  • a metallic coating 64 of cylindrical shape is applied to the internal wall of the enclosure 10 along the intermediate compartment 22, and serves to protect said wall against the effects of the arc drawn between the contacts 26, 28 during their separation .
  • a radial air gap e2 isolates the electrode 60 from the movable contact 28 in the closed position.
  • the circuit breaker works as follows:
  • the nominal current flows from the terminal - 48 in the support piece 50, the contacts 26, 28, the rod 30, the sliding contact 42, the support member. 32, towards terminal 44.
  • the isolation air gap e2 cuts the excitation circuit of the coil 56.
  • the crank 34 of the operating mechanism pivots in the trigonometric direction and causes the control rod 30 to slide in the direction of the arrow f.
  • An initial arc is first drawn between the contacts 26, 28, as soon as they separate, then during the continued travel of the movable contact 28, a first partial arc is established between the fixed contact 26 and the electrode 60, and a second partial arc in series with the first is initiated between the electrode 60 and the movable contact 28.
  • the current always flows through the fixed contact 26, and the arc drawn between the latter and the electrode 60 shunts coil 56, which remains de-energized.
  • the first partial arc is extinguished, and the current 1 is switched in the shunt circuit for supplying the coil 56 via the sleeve 62.
  • the arc anchored on the movable contact 28 and l electrode 60 is then subjected to a radial field B generated by the coil 56 which causes its rapid rotation on the electrode 60.
  • the heating of the SF6 gas contained in the intermediate compartment 22 by the rotating arc causes an increase in pressure and an escape of the compressed gas through the conduits 38, 52 (arrows F1 and F2 of the FIG. 2) towards the expansion compartments 20, 24 arranged on either side of the breaking chamber 22.
  • the inverted doubie blowing ensures rapid extinction of the rotating arc.
  • the three compartments 20, 22, 24 are in communication.
  • the phase shift between the magnetic field B generated by the coil 56 and the current 1 improves the blowing.
  • the rotating arc constitutes a means for generating pressure of the gas contained in the intermediate compartment 22 and avoids any excessive heating of the tracks of migration of the roots of the arc.
  • the compression of the SF6 by the rotating arc and the extinction of the latter by the magnetic blowing and the double pneumatic blowing are carried out in the same intermediate compartment 22 shaped as a breaking chamber.
  • a fixed contact 112 externally surrounds the coil 56 and has a collar 114 covering the outer edge of the free face of the coil 56.
  • An annular electrode 116 fixed on the internal rim of the free face of the coil 56, has a cylindrical tail 118, which penetrates inside the coil 56 by forming the gas exhaust duct towards the expansion compartment.
  • the electrode 116 is electrically isolated from the fixed contact 112 by a slight gap 120 and the coil 56 is electrically connected between the fixed contact 112 and the electrode 116.
  • the movable contact 28 comes in the closed position abutting the collar 114.
  • a fixed arcing contact 122 associated with movable contact 28 is disposed inside this contact opposite the annular electrode 116 while being spaced from the latter.
  • An arc A is drawn between the contacts 112, 28 during the separation of the two contacts. From a certain length, the arc roots migrate under the influence of Laplace forces (also called Lorenz forces) towards the electrode 116 and the arcing contact 122, establishing two arcs B in series, respectively. Between the arcing contact 122 and the electrode 116 and between the electrode 116 and the collar 114, the latter arc rapidly extinguishing by switching on the coil 56 in the above-mentioned manner.
  • Laplace forces also called Lorenz forces
  • the arc subjected to the effect of the magnetic field rotates and the roots, which are subjected to the pneumatic blowing of the gases escaping from the intermediate compartment 22 towards the expansion compartments 20, 24 can move on the arcing contact 122 and the tail 118 without any risk of de-excitation of the coil 56.
  • a ferromagnetic core 124 is accommodated c q axially within the coil 56 to strengthen the latter blowing action.
  • the core 124 only partially obstructs the gas exhaust duct, leaving an annular exhaust duct between the tail 118 and the core 124 and / or having a central hole 126.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Lichtbogenloeschvorrichtung mit Eigenblasung durch thermische Expansion und Rotation des Lichtbogens fuer einen Leistungsschalterpol mit einem gasdichten Gehaeuse (10), gefuellt mit einem Gas von hoher dielektrischer' Festigkeit. insbesondere Schwefelhexafluorid, und versehen mit :
    - einer ersten feststehenden Zwischenwand (16) zur Trennung des von dem Gehaeuse (10) umhuellten Raumes in ein erstes (22) und in ein zweites Abteil (20),
    - einem axial beweglichen rohrfoermigen an einer Steuerstange (30) gekuppelten und mit einer feststehenden Kontakteinheit (112) zusammenwirkbaren Kontakt (28), wobei die Kontaktzone in dem genannten ersten Abteil (22) liegt, der genannte bewegliche Kontakt (28) eine in der genannten ersten Wand (16) vorgesehene Oeffnung gasdicht gleitend durchquert und der genannte bewegliche Kontakt (28) mit dem zweiten Abteil (20) in Verbindung steht, um einen Ausstroemweg des komprimierten Gases vom ersten Abteil (22) in das zweite Abteil (20) zu bilden,
    - einer magnetischen zu der genannten feststehenden Kontakteinheit (112) gehoerenden Blasspule (56), die in dem genannten ersten Abteil (22) koaxial zu den genannten Kontakten (28, 112) steht,
    - einer ringfoermigen die Blasspule (56) einschaltenden Elektrode (116), die die gegenueber des beweglichen Kontaktes (28) liegende freie Seite der Blasspule (56) ueberdeckt, wobei die Blasspule (56) zwischen dem feststehenden Kontakt (112) und der .ringfoermigen Elektrode (116) geschaltet ist, um ein magnetisches Blasfeld zur Drehung des auf der Elektrode (116) verankerten Lichtbogens zu erzeugen, wobei das durch die Wirkung des drehenden Lichtbogens komprimierte Gas aus dem ersten Abteil entweicht und den Lichtbogen pneumatisch blaest, gekennzeichnet durch die Tatsache, dass sie ausserdem aufweist :
    - ein durch eine zweite, aus Isoliermaterial bestehende, feststehende Zwischenwand (18) vom ersten Abteil (22) getrenntes drittes Abteil (24) des Gehaeuses (10), wobei das erste Abteil (22) von dem zweiten (20) und dritten (24) Abteil umgeben ist,
    - eine rohrfoermige Leitung (118), die axial die von der genannten zweiten Zwischenwand (18) getragene Blasspule (56) durchquert und sich an die ringfoermige Elektrode (116) anschliesst, wobei letztere mit einem Kragen (114) des festen Kontaktes (112) die freie Endseite der Spule (56) bedeckt und dabei zwischen der ringfoermigen Elektrode und dem Kragen einen kleinen Zwischenraum (120) freilaesst, und wobei der bewegliche Kontakt (28) gegenueber der ringfoermigen Elektrode (116) von kleinerem Durchmesser als der des festen Kontaktes (112) ist, wobei die rohrfoermige Leitung (118) in das erste Abteil (22) ausmuendet und mit dem dritten Abteil (24) in Verbindung steht, um einen Ausstroemweg des komprimierten Gases vom ersten Abteil (22) in das dritte Abteil (24) zu bilden, wobei die Wurzeln des drehenden Lichtbogens von den aus den Ausstroemwegen entweichenden Gasen in eine von dem festen Kontakt (112) entfernte Zone geblasen werden.
EP19790400093 1978-03-01 1979-02-14 Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung mit pneumatischer und magnetischer Blasung Expired EP0004213B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7806078 1978-03-01
FR7806078A FR2418963A1 (fr) 1978-03-01 1978-03-01 Dispositif d'extinction d'arc a autosoufflage et a arc tournant

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0004213A1 EP0004213A1 (de) 1979-09-19
EP0004213B1 EP0004213B1 (de) 1982-02-10
EP0004213B2 true EP0004213B2 (de) 1988-11-09

Family

ID=9205284

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19790400093 Expired EP0004213B2 (de) 1978-03-01 1979-02-14 Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung mit pneumatischer und magnetischer Blasung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0004213B2 (de)
DE (1) DE2962075D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2418963A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0039523B1 (de) * 1980-05-07 1983-06-08 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Hochspannungsleistungsschalter
EP0042456B1 (de) * 1980-06-23 1985-01-23 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Hochspannungsleistungsschalter
FR2487113A1 (fr) * 1980-07-17 1982-01-22 Merlin Gerin Interrupteur a arc tournant double
FR2565731A1 (fr) * 1984-06-08 1985-12-13 Interaction Perfectionnements aux disjoncteurs
FR2596578B1 (fr) * 1986-03-28 1994-05-06 Merlin Et Gerin Disjoncteur electrique a autoexpansion et a arc tournant
EP1225610B1 (de) * 2001-01-23 2009-04-29 ABB Schweiz AG Abbrandschaltanordnung für einen Leistungsschalter
FR3008540A1 (fr) * 2013-07-12 2015-01-16 Alstom Technology Ltd Disjoncteurs haute tension, en particulier a arc tournant

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE675996C (de) * 1931-05-13 1939-05-23 Erwin Marx Dr Ing Einrichtung zur Lichtbogenloeschung und Vermeidung von Rueckzuendungen bei Lichtbogenstromrichtern
DE743898C (de) * 1940-04-19 1944-10-25 Voigt & Haeffner Ag Druckgasschalter
US2333598A (en) * 1941-01-09 1943-11-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
CH250184A (de) * 1943-03-06 1947-08-15 Lange Emil Schalter mit Löschung des Lichtbogens durch einen vom Lichtbogen selbst erzeugten Drucklöschmittelstrom.
FR1441241A (fr) * 1965-04-28 1966-06-03 Nv Disjoncteur à gaz comprimé
DE2316008B2 (de) * 1973-03-30 1978-03-30 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Anordnung zur Löschung eines rotierenden elektrischen Wechselstromlichtbogens
DE2339652A1 (de) * 1973-08-04 1975-02-20 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Loeschkammer fuer mittel- und hochspannungsschaltgeraete
DE2350832B2 (de) * 1973-10-10 1980-05-08 Calor-Emag Elektrizitaets-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen Hochspannungsschalter
CH574673A5 (de) * 1974-08-20 1976-04-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2418963A1 (fr) 1979-09-28
DE2962075D1 (en) 1982-03-18
EP0004213A1 (de) 1979-09-19
FR2418963B1 (de) 1980-08-22
EP0004213B1 (de) 1982-02-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0470014B1 (de) Elektrischer Lastschalter mit rotierendem Lichtbogen und Selbstbeblasung
EP0388323B1 (de) Elektrischer Autoexpansionsschalter mit Isoliergas
EP0298809B1 (de) Selbstbeblasender elektrischer Lastschalter mit rotierendem Lichtbogen
EP0385886A1 (de) Lastschalter mit rotierendem Lichtbogen und mit Zentrifugal-Effekt des Löschgases
EP0004213B2 (de) Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung mit pneumatischer und magnetischer Blasung
EP0240397A1 (de) Selbstbeblasender elektrischer Lastschalter mit rotierendem Lichtbogen
EP0183755B1 (de) Lichtbogen-auslöseeinrichtung für elektrisches gerät mit gasisolierung
EP0759629B1 (de) Lastschalter mit Einschaltwiderstand und Einfügungsvorrichtung
EP0398211A1 (de) Hochspannungs-Lastschalter mit dielektrischem Löschgas
EP0095406B1 (de) Schalter mit rotierendem Lichtbogen und Permanentmagnet
EP0433183A1 (de) Dreipoliger gasisolierter Hochspannungsschalter
FR2610763A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a faible energie de manoeuvre
US6472629B2 (en) Puffer switch having a two-volume break chamber
EP0400523B1 (de) Hochspannungs-Lastschalter mit gasförmigem Dielektrikum zum Beblasen
EP2237301B1 (de) Schaltkammer mit beweglichem Kontakt und unabhängig davon beweglicher Blasdüse, Bypass HVDC Leistungsschalter und Substation mit HVDC Wandler mit einer solchen Schaltkammer
FR2479553A1 (fr) Interrupteur a arc tournant et a expansion thermique du gaz de soufflage
FR2575323A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a gaz comprime
FR2490397A2 (fr) Disjoncteur a haute tension a arc tournant et autosoufflage
BE897956A (fr) Chambre de coupure pour disjoncteur a gaz
EP0101371B1 (de) Elektrischer Schalter mit rotierendem Lichtbogen
FR2623657A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a autosoufflage par expansion de gaz isolant, equipe d'un ecran de repartition de champ electrique
EP0823721B1 (de) Selbstbeblasender elektrischer Lastschalter mit rotierendem Lichtbogen
EP0045229B1 (de) Schalter mit doppelt rotierendem Lichtbogen
EP0064425A2 (de) Schalter mit in einem Isoliergas rotierenden Lichtbogen
FR2593636A1 (fr) Disjoncteur a hexafluorure de soufre fonctionnant dans un environnement a tres basse temperature

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: INTERPATENT ST.TECN. BREV.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 2962075

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19820318

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: BBC AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT BROWN,BOVERI & CIE.

Effective date: 19821104

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: INTERPATENT ST.TECN. BREV.

PUAH Patent maintained in amended form

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED

27A Patent maintained in amended form

Effective date: 19881109

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B2

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19950215

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19950410

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19960214

Year of fee payment: 18

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19960228

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19960228

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19960508

Year of fee payment: 18

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: MERLIN GERIN

Effective date: 19960228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19970206

Year of fee payment: 19

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19970214

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19970214

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19971101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19980228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO