EP0003204B1 - Mit flüssigem Metall gespeister Dampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer - Google Patents

Mit flüssigem Metall gespeister Dampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003204B1
EP0003204B1 EP79400029A EP79400029A EP0003204B1 EP 0003204 B1 EP0003204 B1 EP 0003204B1 EP 79400029 A EP79400029 A EP 79400029A EP 79400029 A EP79400029 A EP 79400029A EP 0003204 B1 EP0003204 B1 EP 0003204B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casing
liquid metal
annular space
series
apertures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400029A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0003204A1 (de
Inventor
Louis De Nucheze
Marcel Robin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0003204A1 publication Critical patent/EP0003204A1/de
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Publication of EP0003204B1 publication Critical patent/EP0003204B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a steam generator with integrated reheater, supplied with a liquid metal, in particular liquid sodium.
  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger between a liquid metal and water to be heated and vaporized which comprises, inside its external enclosure, a region serving for the reheating of the steam after the expansion of this in high pressure turbines and for the reinjection of this reheated steam in medium pressure turbines.
  • the present invention relates to the exchanger between secondary sodium and water.
  • the steam expanded in the high pressure turbine must be reheated before being introduced at the inlet of the medium pressure turbine.
  • this reheating can be envisaged in two different ways, either by using a reheating of said vapor expanded by live steam, or that we re-heat the steam with hot sodium.
  • the invention relates to this second type of reheating.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the circulation of water and its vapor as well as the circulation of sodium.
  • the cold water first enters an evaporator E, then into a superheater S, at the outlet of which the superheated steam is introduced into the high pressure turbine T ,.
  • the partially cooled and expanded steam is reinjected into the reheater R.
  • the steam After passing through the reheater, the steam enters the medium pressure turbine T 2 , then into the low pressure turbines.
  • sodium circuit it is as follows: the hot sodium coming from the reactor enters in parallel in the superheater R and the superheater S, then it enters the evaporator E and it is finally recycled in the reactor.
  • the invention relates more specifically to a steam generator which internally comprises a reheater supplied with sodium, this reheater being integrated in the envelope of the steam generator.
  • the present invention specifically relates to an integrated reheating steam generator supplied with sodium which overcomes the above drawbacks by comprising only one sodium supply circuit and a common water circuit for the evaporator and the superheater.
  • the generator, object of the invention allows emptying of the water-vapor circulation tubes by simple gravity due to the presence of accessible low points in the exchange tubes. We know that this condition is imposed by many users of nuclear power plants.
  • the invention relates to a steam generator with reheater supplied by a liquid metal comprising a cylindrical envelope inside which is a bundle of straight tubes fixed at each of their ends in a tube plate associated respectively with a lower manifold for introducing water and an upper manifold for leaving the vapor, the upper part of these tubes constituting the overheating zone, a liquid metal outlet nozzle formed at the lower part of said envelope, a ferrule surrounding the upper part of said envelope and delimiting between itself and said envelope an annular space (reheating zone), said ferrule comprising a nozzle for introducing said liquid metal into said exchanger, said annular space communicating with the interior of said envelope by a first series of windows in said envelope at the top of said annular space, characterized in that the liquid metal introduction nozzle is located at the top of said shell, a second series of windows being formed in said envelope at the bottom of said annular space, said annular space containing a plurality of helical tubes which constitute the integrated reheater, these tubes being connected to a lower
  • the generator has only one inlet manifold for the liquid metal and that the distribution of the liquid metal is regulated between the external reheating zone and the internal superheating zone in such a way that, taking into account the heat exchanges in these two zones, the liquid metal at the outlet of these two zones has substantially the same temperature.
  • the generator comprises inside said annular space a horizontal plate pierced with orifices, said plate being disposed on the one hand below the liquid metal inlet nozzle and the first series of windows and, on the other hand, above the reheated steam outlet tubes.
  • the flow adjustment means consist of a circular gate valve constituted by a ferrule pivotally mounted around said casing and provided with as many orifices as there are windows of the first series, said orifices and said windows. having the same dimensions and being able to coincide for an angular position of said ferrule, and in sealing means between said ferrule and said envelope arranged around each window of the first series.
  • the steam generator object of the invention, comprises a casing 2 of vertical cylindrical shape defining an internal passage and comprising at each of its ends a tube plate respectively upper 4 and lower 6.
  • This cylindrical enclosure 2 is completed beyond tube plates by water boxes 8 and 10.
  • the lower water box 10 is used for the introduction by the nozzle 10 'of the water to be heated and to transform into steam, the water box 8 serving for the outlet via the 8 'nozzle of the superheated steam.
  • These water boxes are fitted with 8 "and 10" inspection holes closed by lids.
  • straight exchange tubes such as 12, which are fixed at their two ends in the tube plates 4 and 6. These tubes are used for the circulation of water and steam.
  • the tubes are provided with expansion lyres 12a which make it possible to absorb thermal expansions without imposing unacceptable stresses on the tubes.
  • the straight tubes 12 define a lower zone which corresponds to the evaporator E of the steam generator and an upper zone which corresponds to the superheaters.
  • the casing 2 In its upper part, which corresponds precisely to the overheating zone, the casing 2 is surrounded by a cylindrical ferrule 14 which provides between itself and the casing 2 an annular zone 16.
  • the ferrule 14 is connected by domed bottoms 18 and 20 to the envelope 2.
  • Windows, such as 22, provide communication at its lower part between the annular space 16 and the interior of the envelope 2.
  • windows 24 ensure communication between the inside the envelope 2 and the annular region 16 at the upper part thereof.
  • the windows 22 have a large passage section to, on the one hand, reduce the speed of sodium and, on the other hand, facilitate the release of the products during an accidental sodium-water reaction towards a safety membrane. .
  • the ferrule 14 is provided at its upper part with at least one nozzle 26 for supplying hot sodium.
  • the annular space 16 includes a horizontal sodium distribution plate 28 whose function will be explained later.
  • serpentine tubes 30 which constitute the reheater R of the steam generator. These serpentine tubes are connected to reheating steam collectors 32 and to collectors 34 of reheated steam. These collectors are provided with inspection holes 32 'and 34' closed by lids.
  • the envelope 2 is surrounded by a second ferrule 36 constituting the sodium outlet. This second ferrule surrounds on a fraction of its height the enclosure 2 and it is provided with a sodium outlet nozzle 38.
  • FIG. 3 shows the annular passage 16 and, more precisely, the upper part 16a of this annular passage disposed above the distribution plate 28.
  • the distribution of hot sodium between the reheating zone constituted by the annular space 16 and the overheating zone constituted by the space limited by the casing 2 is provided, on the one hand, by the distribution plate 28 which creates the required pressure drop and distributes the sodium suitably in the reheater bundle and, on the other hand, by a cylindrical gate valve rotating around the casing 2 bearing the general reference 50 which can more or less close the windows 24 formed in the enclosure 2.
  • This cylindrical gate valve 50 is constituted by a cylindrical ferrule 52a pierced with openings 52b which, for a particular position of the ferrule, coincides with the windows 24.
  • the ferrule 52a is supported in rotation by means of rollers such as 54, fixed on the crown 56 integral with the 'envelope 2. It is also guided in rotation by rollers 58 with vertical axes fixed on the envelope 2.
  • this ferrule is provided, at its upper part, with a crown 52c provided with pins 59 which can cooperate with a control mechanism 60 for rotating the ferrule 52a.
  • the rotation can be controlled by other known means.
  • the crown 52c can be provided with a circular rack which meshes with a control pinion fixed to the lower end of the mechanism 60.
  • Each window 24 has a seal 61 which provides a semi-seal between the casing 2 and the solid part of the shell 52a. It is understood that by acting on the mechanism 60, the ferrule 52a is rotated around the vertical axis of the steam generator, which makes it possible to adapt the section for the passage of sodium towards the interior of the envelope 2 by adjustment of the common part between windows 24 and 52b.
  • the role of the distribution plate 28 is to create a very significant pressure drop for the sodium necessary for reheating and which passes from space 16a to annular space 16 containing the reheater bundle. Thus, a large fraction of the sodium flow occurs in front of the openings 52b of the valve 50.
  • the passage of sodium in the casing 2 is adjusted by the valve 50 so that at the level of the openings 22, the sodium of the superheater and the sodium of the superheater are at substantially the same temperature, before this sodium enters the evaporator zone E.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to minimize the heat exchange surfaces. In addition, it avoids having to mix the sodium flows at different temperatures, which is always difficult to achieve, because of the thermal stresses which arise in the mixer.
  • temperature sensors 62 and 63 are arranged respectively at the outlet of the superheater and of the superheater. They allow these temperatures to be measured continuously and the difference to be calculated.
  • the opening of the valve 50 is adjusted so that the sodium flow rates in the superheater and the reheater ensure the desired equality of temperatures. It goes without saying that the mechanism 60 could be controlled using an electric motor powered by a current representative of the difference in temperatures. A conventional type servo-mechanism could be used which permanently ensures equal temperatures.
  • a second cylindrical ferrule 70 which doubles the envelope 2 in this region.
  • This second ferrule allows the spacers of the coils 30 of the reheater to be fixed, which allows construction in a single piece of the reheater and its subsequent mounting as it is.
  • this double wall avoids a flow significant heat between the two parallel sodium flows thus facilitating the adjustment of the flow rates as a function of the outlet temperatures of these two flows.
  • the enclosure 2 is provided with grids 71 for holding the tubes 12 in the enclosure 2 and that the exchanger can advantageously include heat shields to protect the tube plates.
  • the enclosure 36 can be provided with a safety membrane 72 in the event of accidental overpressure.
  • outlet nozzle 38 can be arranged directly in the casing 2 immediately above the tube plate 6.
  • ferrule 36 is of course eliminated. This makes it possible to increase the useful length of the exchange tubes 12.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the way in which the superheater, the superheater and the evaporator are arranged.
  • this makes it possible to supply the superheater and the superheater using a single sodium inlet pipe, therefore at the maximum outlet temperature of the reactor, hence obtaining the best thermodynamic efficiency, on the other hand, the sodium flows leaving the reheater and the superheater open directly at the inlet of the evaporator without interposing pipes.
  • This arrangement is very economical and very safe. In addition, it only requires the use of an adjustment valve requiring sealing of its control rod only through the bottom 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Dampfgenerator mit Wieder-Überhitzer, der von einem flüssigen Metall versorgt wird, mit einer Umhüllung (2) zylindrischer Form, in deren innerem sich ein Bündel gerader Rohre (12) befindet, die an jedem ihrer Enden in einer Rohrplatte (4, 6) befestigt sind, die einem unteren Sammler (10) für die Zuführung von Wasser bzw. einem oberen Sammler (8) für den Austritt des Dampfes zugeordnet sind, mit einem am unteren Teil der Umhüllung (2) angeordneten Auslasstück (38) für das flüssige Metall, mit einem Rohr (14), welches den oberen Teil der Umhüllung (2) umgibt und zwischen sich und der Umhüllung einen Ringraum (16) begrenzt, wobei das Rohr (14) ein Einlasstück (26) für das flüssige Metall in den Ringraum (16) aufweist, welcher mit dem inneren der Umhüllung über eine erste Reihe von Fenstern (24) in Verbindung steht, die in der Umhüllung im oberen Teil des Ringraumes ausgebildet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das Einlasstück (26) für das flüssige Metall im oberen Teil des Rohres (14) befindet, dass eine zweite Reihe von Fenstern (22) in der Umhüllung am unteren Teil des Ringraumes ausgebildet ist, dass der Ringraum (16) eine Vielzahl von schraubenförmigen Rohren (30) aufweist, welche den integrierten Wiederüberhitzer bilden, dass die Rohre mit einem unteren Eintrittssammler (32) für den wiederzuüberhitzenden Dampf und einem oberen Auslassammler (34') für den wiederüberhitzten Dampf verbunden sind, dass die Fenster (24) der ersten Reihe mit Steuermitteln für den Fluss (50) ausgebildet sind, um deren Öffnung zu verändern, dass ein Steuermechanismus (60, 64) den Steuermitteln zugeordnet ist, um die Aufteilung der Strömungsmenge des in dem Ringraum zirkulierenden flüssigen Metalls und die Strömungsmenge des in das Innere der Umhüllung durch die Fenster (24) der ersten Reihe durchtretenden, flüssigen Metalls zu regeln, und dass Wärmefühler (62, 63) in dem Ringraum (16) und in der Umhüllung (2) unmittelbar über der zweiten Reihe von Fenstern (22) angeordnet und Mitteln zugeordnet sind, um die mit den Fühlern durchgeführten Messungen zu vergleichen, um auf den Steuermechanismus einzuwirken.
2. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Inneren des Ringraumes eine Durchbohrungen aufweisende, horizontale Platte (28) angeordnet ist, die einerseits über dem Einlasstück (26) für das flüssige Metall und der ersten Reihe von Fenstern (24) und andererseits über dem Ausflussammler (34') des wiederüberhitzten Wassers angeordnet ist.
3. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Regeln der Strömungsmenge (50) aus einem kreisförmigen Deckelventil besteht, welches durch eine um die Umhüllung (2) drehbar angeordnete Hülse (52a) gebildet wird, die mit genausoviel Öffnungen (52b) wie die Anzahl der Fenster (24) der ersten Reihe versehen ist, wobei die Öffnungen und die Fenster die gleichen Abmessungen aufweisen und in einer Winkelstellung der Hülse (52a) miteinander übereinstimmen, und dass Dichtungsmittel (61) zwischen der Hülse und der Umhüllung um jedes Fenster (24) der ersten Reihe herum angeordnet sind.
EP79400029A 1978-01-18 1979-01-15 Mit flüssigem Metall gespeister Dampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer Expired EP0003204B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7801346A FR2415262A1 (fr) 1978-01-18 1978-01-18 Generateur de vapeur avec resurchauffeur integre alimente par un metal liquide
FR7801346 1978-01-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0003204A1 EP0003204A1 (de) 1979-07-25
EP0003204B1 true EP0003204B1 (de) 1981-05-13

Family

ID=9203598

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400029A Expired EP0003204B1 (de) 1978-01-18 1979-01-15 Mit flüssigem Metall gespeister Dampferzeuger mit integriertem Zwischenüberhitzer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4249484A (de)
EP (1) EP0003204B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS54112404A (de)
DE (1) DE2960328D1 (de)
ES (1) ES476928A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2415262A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55152403A (en) * 1979-05-18 1980-11-27 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Detector for displacement of actuator
FR2497937B1 (fr) * 1981-01-13 1986-03-07 Stein Industrie Dispositif d'echange de chaleur a faisceau de tubes avec lyres de dilatation soustraites aux vibrations
IT1171177B (it) * 1983-06-10 1987-06-10 Nira Spa Generatore di vapore modulare a tubi diritti
JPS6020003A (ja) * 1983-07-04 1985-02-01 ザ・バブコツク・アンド・ウイルコツクス・カンパニ− 水蒸気を過熱するための装置
FR2805333A1 (fr) * 2000-02-22 2001-08-24 Gen Electric Generateur de vapeur integre pour reacteur a metal liquide

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1294954A (fr) * 1961-04-22 1962-06-01 Fives Penhoet échangeur de chaleur
FR1445720A (fr) * 1965-06-04 1966-07-15 Babcock & Wilcox Co Appareil générateur de vapeur, de surchauffe et de resurchauffe
FR2134067B1 (fr) * 1970-03-06 1974-08-09 Stein Industrie Module echangeur de chaleur
BE795092A (fr) * 1972-02-11 1973-05-29 Stein Industrie Module echangeur de chaleur
US3888212A (en) * 1972-10-24 1975-06-10 Foster Wheeler Corp Liquid metal steam generator
JPS49105001A (de) * 1973-02-16 1974-10-04
FR2335791A1 (fr) * 1975-12-18 1977-07-15 Stein Industrie Echangeur de chaleur a plusieurs modules en parallele

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2415262B1 (de) 1981-10-23
DE2960328D1 (en) 1981-08-20
EP0003204A1 (de) 1979-07-25
FR2415262A1 (fr) 1979-08-17
US4249484A (en) 1981-02-10
JPS54112404A (en) 1979-09-03
ES476928A1 (es) 1979-07-16

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