EP0190075B1 - Dampferzeuger mit flüssigem Metall als Wärmetransportmittel und mit Leckfeststellung durch Entnahme eines solchen flüssigen Metalles - Google Patents

Dampferzeuger mit flüssigem Metall als Wärmetransportmittel und mit Leckfeststellung durch Entnahme eines solchen flüssigen Metalles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190075B1
EP0190075B1 EP86400130A EP86400130A EP0190075B1 EP 0190075 B1 EP0190075 B1 EP 0190075B1 EP 86400130 A EP86400130 A EP 86400130A EP 86400130 A EP86400130 A EP 86400130A EP 0190075 B1 EP0190075 B1 EP 0190075B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
plate
steam generator
tubes
bundle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86400130A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0190075A1 (de
Inventor
René Traiteur
Jean-Pierre Fabregue
Jean-Luc Minguet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novatome SA
Original Assignee
Novatome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novatome SA filed Critical Novatome SA
Publication of EP0190075A1 publication Critical patent/EP0190075A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0190075B1 publication Critical patent/EP0190075B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0229—Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/42—Applications, arrangements, or dispositions of alarm or automatic safety devices
    • F22B37/421—Arrangements for detecting leaks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator, the heat transfer fluid of which is a liquid metal, with leak detection by removal of this liquid metal.
  • the steam generators of fast neutron nuclear reactors very often use a liquid metal such as sodium as heat transfer fluid, for heating and vaporizing feed water, from the heat taken from the reactor core.
  • a liquid metal such as sodium as heat transfer fluid
  • Such steam generators have been described, for example, in FR-A-2,287,668, EP-A-0057,643 and EP-A-0070,758.
  • These steam generators are very often formed by an outer casing of generally cylindrical shape arranged with its vertical axis and connected at each of its ends to a very thick tubular plate.
  • the exchange part of the steam generator is constituted by a bundle of tubes placed in the outer casing inside a bundle casing coaxial with this outer casing.
  • Each of the tubes of the bundle is connected by welding at one of its ends, to the lower tube plate and at its other end, to the upper tube plate, in the extension of corresponding bore passing respectively through the lower tube plate and the plate upper tubular.
  • the lower tube plate separates the internal volume of the envelope of the steam generator from a water box allowing the distribution of drinking water in the tubes of the bundle.
  • the upper tube plate separates the internal volume of the envelope of the steam generator from a vapor collector collecting the vapor formed in each of the tubes of the bundle.
  • the heat transfer liquid metal enters the internal volume of the envelope of the steam generator, in its upper part, that is to say a little below the upper tube plate.
  • the bundle envelope has its upper end located a certain distance below the upper tube plate, so that the molten metal enters the bundle envelope, above the upper end of this bundle envelope .
  • the upper part of the bundle envelope constitutes a flow threshold of rounded and generally hollow shape.
  • thermal protection plate thinner than the tube plate.
  • the bundle tubes pass through the thermal protection plate in openings machined in this protection plate, to be welded at their upper end to end pieces machined in the tube plate.
  • the bundle tubes are surrounded over part of their length by protective tubes having an internal diameter such that a radial clearance remains between the bundle tube and the protective tube. corresponding.
  • the radial space between the bundle tube and the protection tube opens at one of its ends into the interior space of the steam generator below the thermal protection plate and at its other end in the space between the thermal protection plate and the upper tube plate.
  • the detection is therefore random and depends on the speed with which the hydrogen diffuses into the liquid sodium circulating in its upper part.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a steam generator, the heat transfer fluid of which is a liquid metal, with leak detection by removal of this liquid metal, comprising a outer casing of generally cylindrical shape connected at each of its ends to a very thick tubular plate, a bundle of tubes arranged inside a bundle of bundle coaxial with the outer casing and placed inside this casing , having one of its ends or inlet end of the heat-transfer fluid situated at a certain distance from the corresponding tube plate, at least one inlet opening for the hot liquid metal passing through the external envelope in the vicinity of the end d entry of the bundle envelope which constitutes a flow threshold of rounded and hollow shape over which the liquid metal passes to enter the bundle envelope, each of the bundle tubes being welded at one of its ends on one of the tubular plates and at its other end on the other tubular plate, at a bore passing through the tubular plate, a thermal protection plate placed parallel to the tubular plate corresponding to the inlet end of the heat transfer fluid and between this tube plate and the end of.
  • a steam generator comprising an outer casing 1 of generally cylindrical shape connected to an end portion in the form of a spherical sector itself welded to a very thick tubular plate 2.
  • a bundle casing 4 of cylindrical shape is arranged inside the outer casing 1 and coaxially with it.
  • the bundle consists of a large number of straight tubes 3, the upper part of which is connected by welding to the tube plate 2 is visible in FIG. 1a.
  • the tube plate 2 has a bore 7 in the extension of the internal bore of the tube 3 which is thus in communication with the vapor collector 9 situated above the tube plate 2.
  • FIG. 1a A single tube has been shown in FIG. 1a but it is obvious that the tube plate has a very large number of end pieces such as 5 for connecting all the tubes of the bundle to straight tubes of the steam generator.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown the axes 3 'of a set of tubes 3 of the bundle.
  • Each of the tubes 3 is connected to its lower part, not shown in FIGS. 1 and 1a, to the lower tubular plate of the steam generator secured to the lower part of the outer casing 1.
  • the ends of the tube are connected to the lower tubular plate and to the upper tubular plate by welding on a connector provided on the upper face of the lower tube plate and on the lower face of the upper tube plate respectively.
  • Fig. 1 we see a tube 12 fixed on the outer casing 1 of the steam generator allowing the introduction of hot liquid sodium inside the steam generator.
  • a thermal protection plate 10 parallel to the tubular plate 2 and of a thickness much thinner than that of the plate 2 is arranged below the latter at a certain distance. This plate 10 prevents the hot liquid sodium entering through the tubing 12 and circulating according to the arrows 13, from coming into direct contact with the tubular plate 2 of great thickness and very sensitive to thermal shocks.
  • the thermal protection plate 10 is fixed under the tubular plate 2 by means of a tronco ferrule nique 15 completely closing on its periphery, the space 17 between the plates 2 and 10.
  • a deflection ring 16 of the liquid sodium is also fixed on the lower external edge of the thermal protection plate 10.
  • the thermal protection plate 10 is pierced with a very large number of bores 18 with a diameter substantially greater than the diameter of the tubes 3, along the axes 3 ′ of these tubes of the bundle.
  • a protective sheath 20 is placed, the internal diameter of which is such that a relatively large radial clearance remains between the tube 3 and the sheath 20.
  • Each of the sheaths 20 is fixed inside a bore 18 and welded at its lower part to the protective plate 10.
  • the sleeve 20 has a sufficient length so that the weld zone 6 of the tube 3 on the tube plate 2 is located inside the sleeve.
  • the upper part of the bundle envelope 4 constitutes a hollow threshold generally designated by the reference 22.
  • This hollow threshold consists of a cylindrical-conical ferrule 23 welded to the upper part of the cylindrical bundle envelope 4, a cylindrical internal ferrule 24 and an upper annular and rounded closure part 25 visible in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a space of small thickness is provided between the ferrules 23 and 24 at their lower part in order to put the interior volume of the threshold 22 into communication with the interior space of the bundle envelope 4.
  • the upper part of the bundle envelope 4 constituted by the flow threshold 22 makes it possible to guide the flow of hot sodium circulating according to the arrows 13 and to distribute it homogeneously in the bundle, at the moment when it flows at the above the rounded part 25 of the flow threshold.
  • This part 25 has openings 26 distributed with a constant angular spacing over its entire circumference. In each of the openings 26 is fixed the lower end of a vertical tube 27 whose upper end is engaged in an opening 28 passing through the thermal protection plate 10, at its periphery.
  • Fig. 1a it can be seen that the end of the tube 27 is machined to form a spherical bearing 27a allowing it to be centered inside the opening 28 of the protective plate.
  • a sampling means makes it possible to recover part of the sodium circulating in the direction indicated by the arrows 13 ′ to send it to a device for detecting and dosing hydrogen.
  • This sampling means consists of a rectangular section toroidal envelope 31 having openings 33 in its upper wall arranged inside the hollow threshold 22 and by a sampling pipe 32 visible in FIGS. 1 and 2 taking this sodium taken from the exterior of the external envelope 1 of the steam generator, to the hydrogen detection and metering installation.
  • This sodium sampled by the device 31, 32 is taken directly to the detection and metering device without undergoing mixing with the sodium entering the steam generator. Detection is therefore very sensitive and very rapid.
  • the temperature of the sodium circulating along the path represented by the arrows 13 ′ undergoes a different evolution from that of the main sodium flow following the descending axial path represented by the arrows 13 ".
  • the sodium exiting at the bottom of the threshold 22 is generally more cold than the sodium circulating in the beam.
  • holes 35 are provided in the lower part of the threshold, below the sampling torus 31. Hot sodium entering along the path 13 comes mix with the sodium exiting at the lower part of the threshold passing through it through the holes 35. This reintroduction of hot sodium makes it possible to balance the temperature of the flow 13 'with respect to the temperature of the main flow 13 ". This reintroduction of sodium below the sampling torus therefore does not dilute the sodium sampled with incoming hot sodium.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 an alternative embodiment of the upper part of the steam generator is seen, the corresponding elements in FIGS. 3 and 4 on the one hand and 1 and 2 on the other hand bearing the same benchmarks.
  • the space 17 between the protective plate 10 and the tubular plate 2 is separated into six distinct parts 37 by vertical and radial partitions 36 which are substantially sealed and are arranged angularly at 60 ° with respect to each other.
  • Each of the parts 37 of the space 17 is associated with a vertical tube 27 disposed inside an opening 28 passing through the tubular plate 10.
  • the tube 27 makes it possible to bring the sodium flow 13 ′ having circulated in contact with the welding zone of the tube 3 in a sampling tube 39.
  • the six tubes 39 each corresponding to a part 37 of the space 27 are independently connected to the hydrogen detection and metering device.
  • This device makes it possible, in the event of a leak in the weld zone of one of the tubes 3, to distinguish the conduit 39 having brought the flow of sodium polluted by hydrogen, that is to say the part 37 in the form sector in which the leaking tube is located. Individual sampling by sector therefore makes it easier to find the leak and repair the steam generator. r.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described; this is how the threshold can have a different shape from that which has been described, that the sampling assembly can be produced in a different way and that the vertical tubes joining the interior volume of the threshold to the upper space of the steam generator, above the thermal protection plate can be rigidly fixed at one of their ends on this protection plate and mounted sliding at their other end in the threshold, instead of the reverse assembly which has been described. Any partitioning of the upper space 17 of the steam generator can be adopted to refine the location of the leaks.
  • the steam generator can comprise a set of samples as described in its lower part, in the case where the lower end of the steam generator constitutes the inlet end of the heat-transfer fluid.
  • the lower end of the bundle envelope constitutes its entry end produced in the form of a hollow and rounded threshold.
  • a thermal protection plate is arranged above the lower tube plate at a certain distance from this plate. This avoids direct contact with the lower tube plate of hot sodium which, in this embodiment, is brought by a tube in the vicinity of the lower part of the steam generator.
  • the arrangement of the elements allowing the sampling of sodium having circulated in the vicinity of the zone of welding of the tubes of the bundle on the lower tubular plate is moreover practically identical to the arrangement which has been described above.
  • the steam generators according to the invention can use a heat transfer fluid different from liquid sodium and constituted for example by the eutectic.sodium-potassium mixture, or by lithium.
  • the generator can be with straight tubes, or with helical tubes, the ends of these tubes being arranged parallel and vertical to be welded to the tube plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Dampferzeuger, bei dem das flüssige Kühlmittel ein flüssiges Metall ist und bei dem die Erfassung der Lecks durch Entnahme dieses flüssigen Metalls durchgeführt wird, umfassend einen Außenmantel (1) von insgesamt zylindrischer Form mit vertikaler Achse, die an jedem ihrer Enden mit einer rohrförmigen Platte (2) mit starker Dicke verbunden ist, ein Bündel von im Inneren eines Bündelmantels (4) angeordneten Rohren (3), das koaxial zum Außenmantel (1) und im Inneren dieses Mantels angeordnet ist, wobei es an einem seiner Enden oder am Eintrittsende des flüssigen Kühlmittels, das in einem bestimmten Abstand von der entsprechenden rohrförmigen Platte (2) liegt, wenigstens eine Zuführungs- öffnung (12) für den Außenmantel (1) in der Nähe des Eintrittsendes des Bündelmantels (4) durchquerendes heißes flüssiges Metall besitzt, die eine Strömungsschwelle (22) mit abgerundeter Form und hohl bildet, über der das flüssige Metall durchtritt, um in den Bündelmantel (4) einzudringen, wobei jedes der Rohre (3) des Bündels an einem seiner Enden auf einer der rohrförmigen Platten (2) und an seinem anderen Ende auf der anderen rohrförmigen Platte (2) in der Höhe einer die rohrförmige Platte (2) durchquerenden Bohrung (7) angeschweißt ist, eine parallel zur rohrförmigen Platte (2) entsprechend am Eintrittsende des flüssigen Kühlmittels und zwischen dieser rohrförmigen Platte (2) und dem Bündelmantel (4) angeordnete Wärmeschutzplatte (10), wobei Schutzrohre (20) jeweils ein Rohr (3) des Bündels mit einem bestimmten radialen Spiel umgeben, die zwischen der Wärmeschutzplatte (10), in der sie befestigt sind, und der entsprechenden rohrförmigen Platte (2) derart vorgesehen sind, daß der zwischen den beiden Rohren (3, 20) ausgesparte radiale Zwischenraum an einem seiner Enden auf der zum Inneren des Dampferzeugers hin gewandten Seite der Schutzplatte (10) und an seinem anderen Ende in den Zwischenraum (17) zwischen der rohrförmigen Platte (2) und der entsprechenden Wärmeschutzplatte (10) mündet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Dampferzeuger zum Eintrittsende des flüssigen Kühlmittels :
der zwischen der rohrförmigen Platte (2) und der Wärmeschutzplatte (10) liegende Zwischenraum (17) an seiner Peripherie durch einen zum Außenmantel (1) und zum Bündelmantel (4) koaxialen Ring (15) verschlossen ist,
das Innenvolumen der hohlen Strömungsschwelle (22) an einem seiner Enden mit dem Innenvolumen des Bündelmantels (4) und an seinem anderen Ende mit dem zwischen der rohrförmigen Platte (2) und der Wärmeschutzplatte (10) liegenden Zwischenraum (17) mittels im wesentlichen vertikalen Rohren (27) derart in Verbindung ist, daß das flüssige Metall vom Inneren des Dampferzeugers her zunächst zum Zwischenraum (17) zwischen der Wärmeschutzplatte (10) und der rohrförmigen Platte (2), in die Schutzrohre (20), dann zur Strömungsschwelle (22), in die vertikalen Rohre (27) umläuft,
und durch die Tatsache, daß ein Mittel (31, 32, 33, 39) zur Entnahme von flüssigem Metall im Innenvolumen der Strömungsschwelle (22) vorgesehen ist.
2. Dampferzeuger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vertikalen Rohre (27) auf starre Weise an einem ihrer Enden auf der Strömungsschwelle (22) oder der Wärmeschutzplatte (10) befestigt sind und an ihrem anderen Ende in einer in der Schutzplatte (10) oder entsprechend der Strömungsschwelle (22) vorgesehenen Öffnung verschiebbar angebracht sind.
3. Dampferzeuger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die an einem ihrer Enden an der Schutzplatte (10) befestigten Schutzrohre (20) eine Länge derart besitzen, daß sie an ihrem anderen Ende die Schweißzone (6) zwischen dem Rohr (3) des Bündels und der rohrförmigen Platte (2) umgeben.
4. Dampferzeuger nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1, 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der obere Zwischenraum (17) des Dampferzeugers zwischen der Wärmeschutzplatte (10) und der rohrförmigen Platte (2) durch im wesentlichen dichte Trennwände (36) in mehrere Teile (37) unterteilt ist, in denen jeweils die Wärmeschutzplatte (10) von einer Öffnung (28) durchbohrt ist, in der ein im wesentlichen vertikales Rohr (27) angebracht ist, das den entsprechenden Teil (37) des Zwischenraums (17) mit dem inneren Zwischenraum der Schwelle (22) verbindet, in der ein Entnahmerohr (39) in der Verlängerung des vertikalen Rohrs (27) angebracht ist, wobei die Entnahmerohre (39) unabhängig voneinander mit einer Einrichtung zur Erfassung und Dosierung von Wasserstoff verbunden sind.
5. Dampferzeuger nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1, 2, 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hohle Schwelle (22) in ihrer zur Zuleitung (12) von heißem flüssigen Metall in den Dampferzeuger gewandten Wand (23) Öffnungen (35) unterhalb der Entnahmevorrichtung (31, 32) umfaßt.
EP86400130A 1985-01-25 1986-01-22 Dampferzeuger mit flüssigem Metall als Wärmetransportmittel und mit Leckfeststellung durch Entnahme eines solchen flüssigen Metalles Expired EP0190075B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8501070 1985-01-25
FR8501070A FR2576708B1 (fr) 1985-01-25 1985-01-25 Generateur de vapeur dont le fluide caloporteur est du metal liquide et dont la detection des fuites est effectuee par prelevement de ce metal liquide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190075A1 EP0190075A1 (de) 1986-08-06
EP0190075B1 true EP0190075B1 (de) 1988-05-04

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EP86400130A Expired EP0190075B1 (de) 1985-01-25 1986-01-22 Dampferzeuger mit flüssigem Metall als Wärmetransportmittel und mit Leckfeststellung durch Entnahme eines solchen flüssigen Metalles

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4724799A (de)
EP (1) EP0190075B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61175402A (de)
DE (1) DE3660176D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2576708B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2204942B (en) * 1987-04-07 1991-08-21 Nat Nuclear Corp Ltd Heat exchangers
US5320967A (en) * 1993-04-20 1994-06-14 Nalco Chemical Company Boiler system leak detection
US5663489A (en) * 1994-11-14 1997-09-02 Betzdearborn Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring water process equipment
US5565619A (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-10-15 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Methods and apparatus for monitoring water process equipment
BR112012027798A2 (pt) * 2010-04-28 2016-08-09 Sharp Kk dispositivo de cozimento
EP2699268A2 (de) 2011-04-21 2014-02-26 Seattle Genetics, Inc. Neue binder-wirkstoff konjugate (adcs) und ihre verwendung
US9170193B2 (en) 2013-06-06 2015-10-27 General Electric Company Detecting coolant leaks in turbine generators
US9097657B2 (en) 2013-07-23 2015-08-04 General Electric Company Leak detection of stator liquid cooling system

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2658728A (en) * 1948-06-25 1953-11-10 Lummus Co Method of detecting leakage between heat transfer fluids
US4140176A (en) * 1973-03-26 1979-02-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Protective tubes for sodium heated water tubes
GB1472445A (en) * 1973-08-23 1977-05-04 Electricite De France Leak detection in heat-exchangers
FR2287668A1 (fr) * 1974-10-11 1976-05-07 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de protection thermique pour echangeur de chaleur
US4090554A (en) * 1976-11-17 1978-05-23 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Heat exchanger
FR2499212A1 (fr) * 1981-02-02 1982-08-06 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de protection de la plaque tubulaire a l'extremite chaude d'un echangeur de chaleur vertical
US4368694A (en) * 1981-05-21 1983-01-18 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Leak detection system for a steam generator
FR2509433A1 (fr) * 1981-07-08 1983-01-14 Electricite De France Dispositif de detection de fuites dans un generateur de vapeur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2576708A1 (fr) 1986-08-01
FR2576708B1 (fr) 1987-04-30
US4724799A (en) 1988-02-16
EP0190075A1 (de) 1986-08-06
DE3660176D1 (en) 1988-06-09
JPS61175402A (ja) 1986-08-07

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