EP0000734B1 - Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000734B1
EP0000734B1 EP78100512A EP78100512A EP0000734B1 EP 0000734 B1 EP0000734 B1 EP 0000734B1 EP 78100512 A EP78100512 A EP 78100512A EP 78100512 A EP78100512 A EP 78100512A EP 0000734 B1 EP0000734 B1 EP 0000734B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
profiles
fibers
impregnated
monofils
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100512A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0000734A1 (fr
EP0000734B2 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Dr. Preis
Rolf-Joachim Förster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP0000734A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000734A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000734B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000734B1/fr
Publication of EP0000734B2 publication Critical patent/EP0000734B2/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0003—Producing profiled members, e.g. beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
    • B29C70/207—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration arranged in parallel planes of fibres crossing at substantial angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/247—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using fibres of at least two types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/16—Rigid pipes wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement

Definitions

  • a number of processes are known for the continuous production of profiles from fiber composite materials. All of these processes have in common that semi-finished products made of organic, inorganic or metallic fibers in the form of fiber strands, fiber mats or fabrics are drawn off from a storage rack, impregnated with liquid reactive resin and cured into profiles in a curing section with simultaneous shaping in nozzle tools.
  • the processes differ in the type of impregnation, the shape and the hardening.
  • For the shaping nozzle constructions made of high quality tool steels are customary, which are heated with steam, oil or electrically and their sliding surfaces to reduce friction and wear, often tempered surface layers, e.g. B. hard chrome plating. With such shaping tools, relatively difficult profiles can be produced.
  • the method according to the invention differs in that the helical fibers are organic fibers or monofilaments or mixtures of organic and inorganic fibers or monofilaments.
  • the invention relates to a process for the production of profiles from fiber composite materials, wherein strands of fiber materials impregnated continuously with liquid reactive resins immediately after impregnation or in the area of a pre-curing section are wrapped or braided with stretched and / or pre-oriented and / or textured fibers or monofilaments and in one subsequent hardening section can be hardened, which is characterized in that the fibers or monofilaments consist of polyamide, thermoplastic polyesters, polycarbonates, polyacrylonitrile, modacrylic, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose, regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters, polyvinyl alcohol or polyurethane.
  • fiber materials are used in the usual way, e.g. impregnated with a liquid reaction resin in an impregnation bath, the resin content being determined by nozzles, rollers or the like.
  • Devices which correspond to the prior art are set.
  • the impregnation of the impregnated fiber material with the appropriate fiber materials after impregnation according to the invention can be carried out immediately after the fiber strands have left the impregnation bath. In some cases it is also advantageous to carry out the wrapping only after a pre-curing process - but always in the liquid phase of the reactive resin.
  • the actual curing takes place in the usual way, for example by convective heat transfer wear, heat radiation or by microwaves in a heating duct.
  • conventional winding machines are suitable, e.g. Diagonal winding machines, such as those used for the production of reinforced hoses, or machines used for the production of insulation in the winding or braiding process.
  • Machines for wrapping wires e.g. guitar strings are also suitable.
  • the impregnated fiber material can be wrapped in the form of circumferential windings with a small pitch. Screw windings with gradients that can be set within wide limits are also possible. Another type of wrapping is the application of diagonal (cross) windings. Common braiding processes are also suitable for applying the organic fibers to the impregnated fiber strands.
  • An essential feature of the method according to the invention is that by wrapping with stretched or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers, in contrast to wrapping with inorganic fibers, profiles with exact circular cross sections without using a shaping unit, e.g. B. a shaping nozzle can be generated.
  • the impregnated strands can be wrapped with fibers or monofilaments on an inner mold and hardened into closed hollow profiles without any further outer mold.
  • profile production is that by wrapping a flat impregnated strand of fiber material with stretched and / or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers, flat profiles or angle profiles can be produced in a simple manner only by using a roll calibration.
  • microwave curing is particularly advantageously possible, since the impregnated fiber strands can absorb the radiation without weakening over relatively long distances.
  • inorganic fibers can also be applied as additional reinforcements, or fiber mixtures of organic and inorganic fibers for additional reinforcement of the fiber composite materials, for wrapping the impregnated fiber materials.
  • the effect of the shaping achieved with the wrapping of the impregnated fiber materials with stretched and / or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers or monofilaments is based, in addition to a uniform application of the winding, in particular on the fact that during the pre-hardening or hardening process, shrinkage forces are released which are caused by proportion, type, degree of stretch and / or pre-orientation and / or texturing and the geometric arrangement of the organic fibers are determined.
  • the organic fibers are selected in such a way that the shrinkage peaks become effective before the gel phase of the reaction resin used is reached.
  • the shrinkage forces occurring depend not only on the type of fiber material used, but also on the proportion (coverage) and on the degree of stretching and / or the pre-orientation as well as on the geometric arrangement of the organic fibers on the profile to be wrapped.
  • the shrinking forces of the organic fibers can also be used specifically to achieve high fiber contents with an almost ideal longitudinal orientation of the reinforcing fibers and to air-free profiles that have a largely homogeneous fiber distribution. This results in significant increases in module and strength of the profile with significantly improved reproducibility of these values. Berte processes with an external shape cannot achieve such fiber contents and strengths and orientations due to the frictional forces that occur.
  • the strength transverse to the longitudinal direction of the profile is particularly significantly improved in the case of predominantly unidirectionally reinforced profiles.
  • the notch sensitivity of the profiles produced in this way is significantly reduced by the wrapping with organic fibers
  • the method according to the invention also makes it possible to impregnate several individual strands with different impregnating resins, to combine them by wrapping them and to harden them into a uniform fiber composite material.
  • a uniform fiber composite material is obtained in that the shrinkage forces released during hardening combine the individual fiber strands into a profile with a homogeneous fiber distribution but different matrix materials.
  • the resin excess generated on the profile surface by the shrinking forces of the stretched or pre-oriented and / or textured organic fibers can serve, as already described, for the complete impregnation of further fiber materials.
  • decorative profiles can be created by using differently colored fiber materials as well as profiled surfaces.
  • the type, proportion, degree of stretch and geometric orientation of the organic fibers can be used to adjust the excess resin such that additionally applied fiber materials are only partially impregnated.
  • the fibers lying on the profile surface do not or only incompletely impregnate them, giving simple options for improved bond adhesion, e.g. B. when embedding the profiles in thermoplastics.
  • the wrapping material is chosen as similar as possible to the thermoplastic used.
  • the claimed method is suitable for fiber composites made of glass fibers, organic fibers, carbon fibers and metal fibers.
  • the fibers can, for example. are in the form of fiber strands such as yarns, filament yarns, twisted yarns, rovings and spinning threads etc. or as textile fabrics and / or as fiber mats.
  • Suitable matrix materials are e.g. B. reaction resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, methacrylate resins, polyurethane resins, novolak resins, polybismaleinimides or cyanate resins, the heat of which during the curing process, or whose curing temperatures exceed values at which the organic fibers used shrink.
  • reaction resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, methacrylate resins, polyurethane resins, novolak resins, polybismaleinimides or cyanate resins, the heat of which during the curing process, or whose curing temperatures exceed values at which the organic fibers used shrink.
  • Stretched and or pre-oriented and / or textured organic fibers or monofilaments made of polyamides, thermoplastic polyesters, polycarbonates, polyacrylonitrile, modacrylic, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose and regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters or polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane fibers are suitable as materials for wrapping the impregnated fiber materials.
  • the shrinking temperature of the organic fibers depends on the starting polymer and the conditions during fiber production and stretching or texturing.
  • a suitable organic fiber must be selected according to the curing conditions of the matrix material used, as already described.
  • Profiles that are produced by the method according to the invention are suitable with their homogeneous fiber arrangement, the high fiber contents and their freedom from voids and similar imperfections as well as with their resin-rich or their pure resin surfaces due to their strengths for the reinforcement of concrete as tensioning wires or tensioning ropes, whereby advantageous the improved possibilities for applying force, the reduced notch sensitivity and the increased transverse strength of predominantly unidirectionally reinforced profiles come into play.
  • a particular advantage when used outdoors is the high weather resistance of the profiles thanks to their pure resin surface.
  • the mm by a flawless round outlet nozzle 10 only at the end of the impregnating bath was' 0 pulled to adjust the resin content and was then cured without any further molding in an electrically heated tube furnace was noted that the rod unre g el was moderately formed, and having a rough surface with partially exposed glass fibers. The deviations from the ideal circular shape were up to 10%.
  • the glass content of this rod was 76.4% by weight.
  • glass fiber strands were impregnated with polyester resin and, after leaving the impregnation bath, were wrapped with an outlet nozzle full of 10 mm 0 with e-glass spun threads of 3100 dtex and polyester (PETP) filament yarn consisting of 34 individual filaments, a total titer of 167 dtex and a (stretch) aspect ratio of 1: 4 in equal proportions.
  • PETP polyethylene glycol
  • the coverage was chosen to be 100% in one position by means of screw windings with a pitch of 15 °. After curing at temperatures between 160 and 195 ° C, a perfect round profile without longitudinal cracks was obtained.
  • notch tests were carried out on approximately 15 mm long profile sections with the stamp of a conventional bending testing machine (tip radius 1 mm) and compression tests between flat plates, the profile axis being arranged perpendicular to the direction of force was. Compared to the non-wrapped comparative bar, the breaking loads were about 35% higher. In the pressure test between flat plates, an average of 15% higher values were achieved compared to the comparison rod. Tensile tests based on DIN 53455 showed approx. 10% higher strength compared to a comparison bar with approx.
  • Example 1 carbon fiber strands were soaked in a resin bath and the fiber content was adjusted in a rectangular nozzle with a cross section of 20 ⁇ 2 mm. After the fiber bundle emerged from the nozzle, the fiber strand was wrapped with a cross winding at ⁇ 75 ° to the longitudinal axis of the rod with Perlongarn consisting of 18 individual filaments and a total titer of 67 dtex stretch ratio 1: 2.8 with a coverage of about 30% and after a pre-hardening stretch three pairs of rollers calibrated, the profile was covered on both sides with siliconized paper, and then hardened. A profile with a smooth surface and rounded edges was obtained. It showed thickness fluctuations of 2% along the length, the profile surfaces were parallel to each other. The profile was completely free of longitudinal cracks.
  • glass rovings were soaked in a soaking bath and the soaked rovings were adjusted to the desired resin content in a multiple nozzle in a ring arrangement.
  • the fiber strands were passed over a cylindrical drag core as the inner form and in the area of a pre-curing section still on the tow core with Perlon monofilaments 0.20 mm 0 ( ⁇ 400 dtex) with a stretch ratio of 1: 4 by screw windings with a cover wrapped by about 40%.
  • the profiles were cured at temperatures between 140 and 160 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (2)

1. Procédé pour la fabrication de profilés de matières composites fibreuses, dans lequel les écheveaux de matières fibreuses imprégnés en continu par des résines , réactives sont enveloppés ou tressés, directement après l'imprégnation ou dans un trajet dé prédurcissement, avec des fibres ou monofilaments étirés et/ou préorientés et/ou texturés et durcis dans un trajet de durcissement ultérieur, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce que les fibres ou monofilaments consistent en polyamides, polyesters thermoplastiques, polycarbonates, poly acrylonitriles, "Modacryl", polyoléfines, chlorures de polyvinyle, polytétrafluoroéthylènes, cellulose, cellulose régénérée, esters cellulosiques, alcool polyvinylique ou polyuréthannes.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les écheveaux imprégnés sont enroulés sur une forme interne avec les fibres ou monofilaments et durcis en profilés creux fermés sans autre forme externe.
EP78100512A 1977-08-06 1978-07-26 Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres Expired EP0000734B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19772735538 DE2735538A1 (de) 1977-08-06 1977-08-06 Profile aus faser-verbundwerkstoffen
DE2735538 1977-08-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000734A1 EP0000734A1 (fr) 1979-02-21
EP0000734B1 true EP0000734B1 (fr) 1980-07-23
EP0000734B2 EP0000734B2 (fr) 1985-04-17

Family

ID=6015811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100512A Expired EP0000734B2 (fr) 1977-08-06 1978-07-26 Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5047104A (fr)
EP (1) EP0000734B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5429376A (fr)
DE (2) DE2735538A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1105395B (fr)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3407017A1 (de) * 1984-02-27 1985-08-29 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Geschuetzte spannglieder in beton
JPS6128092A (ja) * 1984-07-11 1986-02-07 東京製綱繊維ロ−プ株式会社 複合線条体およびその製造方法
DE3616445C1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-08-20 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Corrosion-resistant pipe consisting of concrete/polymer composite
GB9015149D0 (en) * 1990-07-10 1990-08-29 Shaw John Ltd Fibre reinforced plastic composites
US5749211A (en) * 1992-11-06 1998-05-12 Nippon Steel Corporation Fiber-reinforced plastic bar and production method thereof
US5628473A (en) * 1993-12-03 1997-05-13 Emhart Inc. Methods of and apparatus for applying strands to a support
CA2193651C (fr) * 1994-03-04 2005-07-26 Timothy B. Petrick Points d'injection auto-obturants et bouchons ameliores, prothese implantable, autres dispositifs l'utilisant et procede de fabrication
US5763042A (en) * 1994-06-28 1998-06-09 Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Reinforcing structural rebar and method of making the same
US5876553A (en) * 1994-06-28 1999-03-02 Marshall Industries Composites, Inc. Apparatus for forming reinforcing structural rebar
JPH10506584A (ja) * 1994-06-28 1998-06-30 マーシャル・インダストリーズ・コンポジッツ 建築構造強化棒材の成形装置
DE19512521A1 (de) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Coia Gmbh Verfahren für die kontinuierliche Herstellung von verstärkten nichtmetallischen Stützelementen
WO1998015403A1 (fr) 1996-10-07 1998-04-16 Marshall Industries Composites Produits composites renforces et appareil et procede servant a leur fabrication
US6048598A (en) * 1997-12-17 2000-04-11 Balaba Concrete Supply, Inc. Composite reinforcing member
DE69918247T2 (de) * 1998-11-23 2005-07-21 Belmont Textile Machinery Co., Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Umwickeln, teilweisen Färben und Auswickeln von Garnen
DE10025628A1 (de) 2000-05-24 2001-11-29 Sgl Carbon Ag Abwickelbare Bauteile aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung
US6686522B2 (en) 2000-06-22 2004-02-03 Shinko Corporation Musical instrument with a body made of polyurethane foam
DE102007038932A1 (de) * 2007-08-13 2009-02-26 Technische Universität Dresden Textil-Matrix-Verbund
DE102011015160A1 (de) * 2011-03-26 2012-09-27 Daimler Ag Faserverbundkunststoffteil und Herstellungsverfahren
CN113039332B (zh) 2018-11-19 2023-06-06 欧文斯科宁知识产权资产有限公司 复合钢筋
WO2020172469A1 (fr) * 2019-02-20 2020-08-27 Tamko Building Products, Inc. Mat hybride continu non tissé de fibres de polyester et de fils de fibre de verre
CN113861376A (zh) 2020-06-30 2021-12-31 科思创德国股份有限公司 用于制备复合材料的聚氨酯组合物

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US2751237A (en) * 1952-11-10 1956-06-19 Edwin E Conley Hollow fiber reinforced resin products such as pipe fittings with molded internal threads and method of making same
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1105395B (it) 1985-10-28
JPS61178B2 (fr) 1986-01-07
EP0000734A1 (fr) 1979-02-21
IT7850602A0 (it) 1978-08-04
US5047104A (en) 1991-09-10
DE2860070D1 (en) 1980-11-13
JPS5429376A (en) 1979-03-05
EP0000734B2 (fr) 1985-04-17
DE2735538A1 (de) 1979-02-15
DE2735538C2 (fr) 1989-04-27

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