EA200000211A1 - Синтез олигонуклеотидов в жидкой фазе - Google Patents
Синтез олигонуклеотидов в жидкой фазеInfo
- Publication number
- EA200000211A1 EA200000211A1 EA200000211A EA200000211A EA200000211A1 EA 200000211 A1 EA200000211 A1 EA 200000211A1 EA 200000211 A EA200000211 A EA 200000211A EA 200000211 A EA200000211 A EA 200000211A EA 200000211 A1 EA200000211 A1 EA 200000211A1
- Authority
- EA
- Eurasian Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phosphonate
- oligonucleotides
- synthesis
- liquid phase
- alcohol
- Prior art date
Links
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 phosphorothioate triester Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D265/28—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines
- C07D265/30—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings
- C07D265/32—1,4-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-oxazines not condensed with other rings with oxygen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D265/33—Two oxygen atoms, in positions 3 and 5
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/48—Sulfur atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
- C07F9/18—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with hydroxyaryl compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H11/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by inorganic acids; Metal salts thereof
- C07H11/04—Phosphates; Phosphites; Polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
- C07H19/10—Pyrimidine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Разработан способ синтеза,триэфира фосфоротиоата в жидкой фазе. Этот способ включает в себя жидкофазное соединение H-фосфоната со спиртом в присутствии связывающего агента для получения диэфира H-фосфоната. Диэфир H-фосфоната окисляют на месте агентом по переносу серы для получения триэфира фосфоротиоата. Предпочтительно H-фосфонат и спирт представляют собой защищенные нуклеозиды или олигонуклеотиды. Разработаны также H-фосфонаты олигонуклеотидов, которые могут быть использованы для получения триэфиров фосфоротиоатов.Отчет о международном поиске был опубликован 1999.05.06.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9717158.1A GB9717158D0 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 1997-08-13 | Solution synthesis of oligonucleotides and their phosphorothioate analogues |
| PCT/GB1998/002407 WO1999009041A2 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 1998-08-10 | Solution phase synthesis of oligonucleotides |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EA200000211A1 true EA200000211A1 (ru) | 2000-08-28 |
| EA003091B1 EA003091B1 (ru) | 2002-12-26 |
Family
ID=10817430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EA200000211A EA003091B1 (ru) | 1997-08-13 | 1998-08-10 | Синтез олигонуклеотидов в жидкой фазе |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6506894B1 (ru) |
| EP (2) | EP1003758B1 (ru) |
| JP (1) | JP2001515086A (ru) |
| KR (1) | KR20010022840A (ru) |
| CN (1) | CN1231492C (ru) |
| AT (1) | ATE236916T1 (ru) |
| BR (1) | BR9811166A (ru) |
| CA (1) | CA2300874A1 (ru) |
| DE (1) | DE69813243T2 (ru) |
| DK (1) | DK1003758T3 (ru) |
| EA (1) | EA003091B1 (ru) |
| ES (1) | ES2197491T3 (ru) |
| GB (1) | GB9717158D0 (ru) |
| HU (1) | HUP0002684A3 (ru) |
| IL (1) | IL134517A (ru) |
| IN (1) | IN190784B (ru) |
| NO (1) | NO20000690L (ru) |
| NZ (1) | NZ502684A (ru) |
| PL (1) | PL338888A1 (ru) |
| TR (1) | TR200000384T2 (ru) |
| WO (1) | WO1999009041A2 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9924285D0 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 1999-12-15 | Avecia Ltd | Process |
| GB0004889D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Avecia Ltd | Synthesis of oligonucleotides |
| WO2003045969A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-05 | Avecia Biotechnology Inc. | Coupling reagent for h-phosphonate chemistry |
| CA2477039A1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-09-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Methods of producing phosphitylated compounds |
| GB0209539D0 (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2002-06-05 | Avecia Ltd | Monomer Polymer and process |
| WO2005077966A1 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-08-25 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Substituted pixyl protecting groups for oligonucleotide synthesis |
| KR101881596B1 (ko) | 2008-12-02 | 2018-07-24 | 웨이브 라이프 사이언시스 재팬 인코포레이티드 | 인 원자 변형된 핵산의 합성 방법 |
| US8272150B2 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2012-09-25 | Speedplay, Inc. | Shoe sole mounting standard for bicycle cleat |
| EP2382227A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2011-11-02 | Girindus America, Inc. | Sulfurizing reagents and their use for oligonucleotides synthesis |
| CN102596204B (zh) | 2009-07-06 | 2016-11-23 | 波涛生命科学有限公司 | 新的核酸前药及其使用方法 |
| CA2805546A1 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Girindus America, Inc. | A new method of using n-thio compounds for oligonucleotide synthesis |
| WO2012039448A1 (ja) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | 株式会社キラルジェン | 不斉補助基 |
| ES2626488T3 (es) | 2011-07-19 | 2017-07-25 | Wave Life Sciences Pte. Ltd. | Procedimientos para la síntesis de ácidos nucleicos funcionalizados |
| US20140179875A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2014-06-26 | Girindus America, Inc. | Sulfurization reagents on solid supports |
| EP2873674B1 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2020-05-06 | Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. | Chiral nucleic acid adjuvant |
| SG11201500232UA (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-04-29 | Wave Life Sciences Pte Ltd | Chiral control |
| AU2013288048A1 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-01-22 | Wave Life Sciences Ltd. | Asymmetric auxiliary group |
| WO2014085471A1 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-06-05 | Prognosdx Health, Inc. | Acid-activated compositions for the treatment of cancers, methods of their use and methods of their preparation |
| EP3095459A4 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2017-08-23 | Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. | Chiral nucleic acid adjuvant having antitumor effect and antitumor agent |
| EP3095461A4 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2017-08-23 | Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. | Chiral nucleic acid adjuvant having immunity induction activity, and immunity induction activator |
| US10322173B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2019-06-18 | Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. | Chiral nucleic acid adjuvant having anti-allergic activity, and anti-allergic agent |
| CN106068325B (zh) | 2014-01-16 | 2021-07-09 | 波涛生命科学有限公司 | 手性设计 |
| WO2018215049A1 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Process for galnac oligonucleotide conjugates |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3444300A (en) * | 1964-05-05 | 1969-05-13 | Chevron Res | N-polyhaloalkylthio compounds as fungicidal agents |
| FR1519704A (fr) * | 1967-02-14 | 1968-04-05 | Roussel Uclaf | Nouveaux composés dithiocarbamiques hétérocycliques et procédé de préparation |
| US3546185A (en) | 1968-03-20 | 1970-12-08 | Monsanto Co | Inhibiting premature vulcanization of diene rubbers |
| US5149798A (en) * | 1989-04-06 | 1992-09-22 | Worcester Foundation For Experimental Biology | Process for synthesizing oligonucleotides and their analogs adaptable to large scale syntheses |
| DE69402177T2 (de) * | 1993-01-08 | 1997-06-26 | Hybridon Inc | Synthese von dimer-blöcken und ihre verwendung bei der zusammensetzung von oligonukleotiden |
| GB9501465D0 (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1995-03-15 | King S College London | Nucleoside phosphorothioate derivatives,synthesis and use thereof |
| GB0004889D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Avecia Ltd | Synthesis of oligonucleotides |
-
1997
- 1997-08-13 GB GBGB9717158.1A patent/GB9717158D0/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-08-10 PL PL98338888A patent/PL338888A1/xx unknown
- 1998-08-10 DK DK98938782T patent/DK1003758T3/da active
- 1998-08-10 TR TR2000/00384T patent/TR200000384T2/xx unknown
- 1998-08-10 HU HU0002684A patent/HUP0002684A3/hu unknown
- 1998-08-10 EP EP98938782A patent/EP1003758B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-10 DE DE69813243T patent/DE69813243T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-10 AT AT98938782T patent/ATE236916T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-10 CA CA002300874A patent/CA2300874A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-08-10 US US09/485,606 patent/US6506894B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-10 BR BR9811166-3A patent/BR9811166A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-10 NZ NZ502684A patent/NZ502684A/xx unknown
- 1998-08-10 KR KR1020007001442A patent/KR20010022840A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-10 EP EP03007651A patent/EP1325927A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-08-10 EA EA200000211A patent/EA003091B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-10 WO PCT/GB1998/002407 patent/WO1999009041A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-08-10 ES ES98938782T patent/ES2197491T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-10 CN CNB988099314A patent/CN1231492C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-10 IL IL13451798A patent/IL134517A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-08-10 JP JP2000509720A patent/JP2001515086A/ja active Pending
- 1998-08-12 IN IN2353DE1998 patent/IN190784B/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-02-11 NO NO20000690A patent/NO20000690L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-11-15 US US10/294,794 patent/US7019127B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-06-28 US US11/167,145 patent/US20050240015A1/en not_active Abandoned
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