EA036565B1 - Device for processing wastes from rubber-technical and polymer materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for processing wastes from rubber-technical and polymer materials. A device is equipped with two tanks-reactors (1) and two removable cassettes (4), upper (3), lower (15), discharge (17) and gas (6) pipelines with shutoff valves (11), a condenser (12), a separator (18), a discharge line of non-condensing gaseous products (13), heaters (14) and heat insulation (20). The tanks-reactors (1) are arranged to house a liquid metal heat carrier (10) in their inner volumes and are provided with detachable covers (19). The removable cassettes (4) are permeable for the liquid metal heat carrier (10) and steam-gas products of processing. The inner volumes of the tanks-reactors (1) in upper and lower parts of shells (16) are interconnected by the upper (3) and the lower (15) pipelines. The inner volumes of the tanks-reactors (1) in the upper parts of the shells (16) are interconnected with the gas pipeline (6). The discharge pipeline (17) passes through the condenser (12) and connects to each other the upper pipeline (3) and a cavity of the separator (18). The cavity of the separator (18) is connected to the discharge line of non-condensing gaseous products (13). The gas pipeline is connected to a cylinder with compressed gas (2) through a gas reducer (5). Bottoms (9), the shells (16) and the lower pipeline (15) are equipped with heaters (14) and heat insulation (20) located above them. Five particular embodiments of the device are given. The technical result is reduced time of processing wastes from rubber-technical and polymer materials.

Description

The invention relates to a technology for processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials into valuable liquid, gaseous and solid products and can be used in chemical, rubber, petrochemical and other industries.

A device for pyrolysis using molten metal is known [US patent No. 9446376, Apparatus for pyrolysis using molten metal, CPC B01J 19/26; B01J 19/0006; C01B 49/14; C10B 53/00, publ. 09/20/2016]. The device includes a reactor with molten metal, a circulation pump connected to the reactor, a buffer tank located on the upper part of the reactor, a nozzle for spraying liquid metal in the inner cavity of the reactor, connected to a circulation pump, a unit for separating pyrolysis products (char and slag ), as well as a firing furnace connected to the reactor for burning the semi-coke coming from the reactor; a heat exchanger is located inside the furnace, connected to the inner volume of the reactor to heat the liquid metal due to the heat generated by burning the semi-coke. In the known device, tin, bismuth or their alloys are used as liquid metal. The known device makes it possible to process waste of biomass, coal, plastics and rubbers.

The disadvantages of the known device are the complexity of the design, the impossibility of processing polymeric materials with a reinforcing frame that does not undergo pyrolysis (such as car tires), the formation of toxic compounds as a result of the ingress of tin, bismuth or their alloy into the fire oven together with semi-coke during operation.

Known device for producing pyrocarbon from carbon-containing raw materials, including solid, in which the pyrolytic process is carried out [RF patent for utility model No. 90779, IPC S01B 31/02, Installation for producing pyrocarbon, publ. 20.01.2010, bul. No. 2]. The device contains a muffle furnace, inside of which a metal container with a removable cover is partially placed. In the inner space of the container is a ceramic glass filled with a melt of lead or bismuth or their alloy. The end of a ceramic tube passing through the sealing system and the container lid is placed in the melt. The inner space of the container is connected by a pipeline through the storage of reaction products and the filter with the chromatograph, and the inner space of the storage of reaction products is connected to the environment through a water seal. To obtain pyrocarbon from various carbon-containing solids, a mesh container is used, which is attached to a ceramic tube.

The disadvantages of the known device are the need to use crushed materials and the relatively low productivity associated with the need to interrupt the processing cycle to carry out loading and unloading operations.

Closest to the claimed invention is a patent of the Russian Federation for a useful model [No. 4121, IPC S10B 1/04, Furnace for pyrolysis of spent car tires, publ. 05.16.1997]. The device is a cylindrical pyrolysis chamber formed by upper and lower parts, which are interconnected by means of a conical detachable connection. The loading of the processed raw materials (car tires) is carried out into the furnace in a removable ring basket. All main communications are connected to the lower part of the furnace, the upper part is removable. The tires are heated by supplying heating gas to the pyrolysis chamber. The cycle of the well-known furnace consists of assembling the furnace, starting and processing, purging the pyrolysis chamber with inert gas or steam, disassembling the furnace, unloading a basket with solid processed products, loading a new basket with tires.

The disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low productivity associated with the need to interrupt the processing process after the expiration of the time required for complete pyrolysis of one tire load in order to extract products and load a new batch of tires and the impossibility of combining in time the processes of processing and loading / unloading materials.

The problem solved by the proposed technical solution consists in eliminating the indicated drawback of the known device, namely, in ensuring a continuous process of processing materials and overlapping in time the processes of processing and loading / unloading materials.

The technical result is a reduction in the time of the processing of rubber and polymeric materials.

To eliminate this drawback in the device for processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials, it is proposed to additionally equip the device with at least one reactor tank and at least one removable cassette, upper, lower, outlet and gas pipelines with shutoff valves located on them, a condenser, separator, non-condensable gaseous products discharge line, heaters and thermal insulation;

tanks-reactors can be arranged in their internal volumes of liquid metal coolant and equipped with removable covers;

the removable cassettes are made permeable for liquid metal coolant and steam-gas processing products;

internal volumes of reactor tanks in the upper parts of the shells above the level of the liquid metal coolant and in the lower parts of the shells below the level of the liquid metal coolant inform

- 1 036565, respectively, an upper pipeline with two elements of shutoff valves and a lower pipeline with an element of shutoff valves;

the internal volumes of the reactor tanks in the upper parts of the shells above the level of the liquid metal coolant communicate with a gas pipeline with two elements of shutoff valves;

lead the outlet pipeline through the condenser and connect the upper pipeline to each other in the area between the valves and the separator cavity;

connect the separator cavity to the discharge line of non-condensable gaseous products;

connect the gas pipeline in the area between the elements of the shut-off valves to a compressed gas cylinder through a gas reducer;

the bottoms, shells and the lower pipeline must be provided with heaters and thermal insulation located above them.

In particular cases of the implementation of a device for the processing of waste from rubber and polymeric materials, it is proposed, firstly, to use lead or a lead-bismuth eutectic alloy as a liquid metal coolant;

secondly, between the removable lid and the neck of the reactor tank, use a spike-groove seal with a high-temperature packing, for example, from carbon graphite or asbestos;

thirdly, electric heaters made in the form of nichrome wire with ceramic insulators are used as heaters;

fourth, use an inert gas, such as argon, as a compressed gas;

Fifth, the upper pipeline and the outlet pipeline in the section from the upper pipeline to the condenser shall be equipped with electric heaters and thermal insulation installed over the heaters.

The essence of the device for processing waste from industrial rubber and polymeric materials is as follows.

The drawing shows a diagram of one of the possible versions of the device (two-tank layout). In the drawing, the following reference designations are adopted: 1 - reactor tank; 2 - compressed gas cylinder, 3 - upper pipeline; 4 - removable cassette; 5 - gas reducer; 6 - gas pipeline; 7 - neck; 8 - detail of fixing the position of the removable cassette; 9 - bottom; 10 - liquid metal coolant; 11 - shut-off valves; 12 - capacitor; 13 - line of discharge of non-condensable gaseous products; 14 - heater; 15 - lower pipeline; 16 - shell; 17 - outlet pipeline; 18 - separator; 19 - removable cover; 20 - thermal insulation.

The device is equipped with at least two reactor tanks 1 and at least two removable cassettes 4, upper 3, lower 15, outlet 17 and gas 6 pipelines with stop valves 11 located on them, condenser 12, separator 18, discharge line for non-condensable gaseous products 13, heaters 14 and thermal insulation 20.

Removable cassettes 4 are located in the internal volumes of the tanks-reactors 1 with the possibility of fixing their position and are designed to accommodate waste from rubber and polymeric materials. The removable cassettes 4 are made permeable to the liquid metal coolant 10 to ensure contact of the liquid metal coolant 10 with the waste to be processed and, as a consequence, their effective heating, as well as to remove from the inner space of the removable cassettes 4 steam-gas processing products. Fixing the positions of the removable cassettes 4 in the internal volume of the reactor tanks 1 prevents them from floating up in the process of placing the liquid metal coolant 10 in the internal volumes of the reactor tanks 1.

To ensure a high heating rate of waste from rubber and polymeric materials, the reactor tanks 1 are made with the possibility of placing a liquid metal coolant 10 in their internal volumes and equipped with removable covers 19 installed on the necks 7.

Removable covers 19 are designed to seal the internal volumes of the tanks-reactors 1 and exclude uncontrolled emissions of gas-vapor processing products.

The internal volumes of the reactor tanks 1 in the upper parts of the shells 16 above the level of the liquid-metal coolant 10 and in the lower parts of the shells 16 below the level of the liquid-metal coolant 10 are connected, respectively, by the upper pipeline 3 with two elements of shutoff valves 11 and the lower pipeline 15 with an element of shutoff valves 11.

The upper pipeline 3 with two elements of shutoff valves 11 is designed to remove vapor-gas products from the cavities of the reactor tanks 1 during processing and release excess pressure in the process of moving the liquid metal coolant 10 from one reactor tank 1 to another.

The lower pipeline 14 with a valve element 11 is used to move the liquid metal coolant 10 from one reactor tank 1 to another reactor tank 1.

The internal volumes of the tanks-reactors 1 in the upper parts of the shells 16 above the level of the liquid metal coolant 10 are connected to the gas pipeline 6 with two elements of the valves 11.

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The outlet pipeline 17 passes through the condenser 12 and connects the upper pipeline 3 to each other in the area between the valves 11 and the separator cavity 18.

The passage of vapor-gas refined products through condenser 12 provides condensation of liquid refined products in the vapor phase.

To prevent condensation of products in the vapor phase before they enter the condenser 12, the upper 3 and 17 outlet pipelines are equipped with heaters 14 and thermal insulation 20 located above them.

The purpose of the separator 18 is to separate the liquid and gaseous products of processing, the accumulation of liquid products of processing.

The cavity of the separator 18 is connected to the non-condensable gaseous product discharge line 13 to remove the non-condensable gaseous products.

The gas pipeline 6 in the section between the two elements of the shutoff valves 11 is connected to a compressed gas cylinder 2 through a gas reducer 5.

This is necessary to move the liquid metal coolant 10 from one reactor tank 1 to another, in one of them it is necessary to create an overpressure.

The bottoms 9, the shells 16 and the lower pipeline 15 are equipped with heaters 14 to achieve the temperature of the liquid metal coolant 10 required during processing.

Thermal insulation 20 is located over the heaters 14 to reduce heat loss.

In special cases, the device implements the following.

First, lead or a lead-bismuth eutectic alloy is used as the liquid metal heat carrier 10.

Secondly, a tongue-and-groove seal with a high-temperature packing, for example, of carbon graphite or asbestos, is used between the necks 7 and the removable covers 19.

Thirdly, electric heaters made in the form of nichrome wire with ceramic insulators are used as heaters 14.

Fourth, an inert gas such as argon is used as the compressed gas.

Fifth, the upper pipeline and the discharge pipeline in the section from the upper pipeline to the condenser are equipped with electric heaters and thermal insulation installed over the heaters.

The device works as follows.

In one of the reactor tanks 1 there is a liquid metal coolant 10. In the other tank 1 there is a removable cassette 4 with pre-loaded waste from rubber or polymer materials. Removable covers 19 are installed on the necks 7 and the internal volumes of the reactor tanks 1 are sealed.

Heaters 14 are turned on, the temperature of the reactor tank 1 with the liquid metal coolant is brought to 450 ° C.

The shut-off valves 11 located on the lower pipeline 15 are opened, and the internal volumes of the reactor tanks 1 are communicated through the lower pipeline 15. By creating an excess gas pressure in the reactor tank 1 with the help of the cylinder 2, the liquid metal coolant 10 is moved into the reactor 1 without the liquid metal coolant 10 , in which there is a removable cassette 4 with waste from rubber and polymer materials. This starts the waste recycling process.

The shut-off valves 11 on the lower pipeline 15 are closed and the excess pressure in the reactor tank 1, from which the liquid metal coolant 10 was transferred, is released to atmospheric pressure.

The products of processing, which are in the vapor-gas phase, through the upper pipeline 3 enter the outlet pipeline 17 and further into the condenser 12, where they are cooled and condensed.

Further, the processed products enter the separator 18, where the separation of liquid and non-condensable gaseous products takes place.

Liquid products of processing accumulate in the separator 18, and non-condensable gaseous products enter the line of discharge of non-condensable gaseous products 13.

While the reprocessing process is taking place in one of the reactor tanks 1, a removable cover 19 is removed from the other reactor 1 and a removable cassette 4 is installed in it, with wastes from rubber or polymeric materials located in advance in it. Next, a removable cover 19 is installed on the neck 7 of this reactor tank 1, and the reactor tank 1 is sealed.

At the end of the processing process in the reactor tank 1 with the coolant 10 located in it, the shutoff valves 11 on the lower pipeline 15 are opened. Due to the overpressure of the gas in the cylinder 2, the liquid metal coolant 10 is moved into another tank-reactor 1. After that, the shut-off valves 11 on the lower pipeline 15 are closed. From the tank-reactor 1, from which the liquid metal coolant 10 was moved, the removable cover 19 is removed and the removable cassette 4 with solid products of processing is removed.

Solid products of processing are removed from the removable cassette 4 and loaded into it waste from rubber or polymer materials.

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Next, the removable cassette 4 with waste from rubber or polymeric materials is placed back into the reactor tank 1, a removable cover 19 is installed on its neck 7, and the reactor tank 1 is sealed.

Then the cycle is repeated.

An example of a specific device execution

The device consists of two reactor tanks 1. The inner diameter of the shell 16 of the reactor tank 1 is 820 mm, the thickness is 4 mm, and the height is 560 mm. The thickness of the bottom 9 of the reactor tank 1 is 10 mm. The neck 7 is made in the form of a DN800 flange, the version is groove.

The removable cover 19 is made in the form of a flanged plug DN800, design spike. Lugs are welded to the removable cover 19 for securing the lifting mechanism.

A 5x5 mm carbon-graphite cord was used as a high-temperature packing between the removable cover 19 and the neck 7.

Removable cassettes 4 are made in the form of a frame made of round timber with a diameter of 8 mm, covered with a mesh with a mesh size of 5x5 mm and a wire thickness of 1.2 mm. The outer diameter of the removable cassette 4 is 810 mm, the height is 385 mm.

Lead grade C2 (GOST 3778-98) was used as the liquid metal coolant 10. The volume of liquid metal coolant 10 used was 350 liters.

The upper 3 and outlet 17 pipelines are made of a 32x2 mm pipe. The upper pipeline 3 is welded into the shell 4 50 mm below the upper plane of the neck 7. The lower pipeline 15 is made of a 68x4 mm pipe and welded into the bottom 9. Gas pipeline 6 is made of a 16x2 mm pipe and welded into the shell 16 50 mm below the top throat plane 7.

Condenser 12 is made in the form of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a tube bundle length of 1500 mm, the number of tubes is 12 pcs, the tube size is 12x0.8 mm, and the relative pitch is 1.5. Condenser 12 is cooled by running water with a temperature of 9-18 ° C.

The separator 18 has a diameter of 300 mm and a height of 700 mm. On the bottom of the separator 18 there is a valve for draining the liquid.

Heaters 14 are made of nichrome (Kh2OH8O) wire 2 mm in diameter, insulated with ceramic insulators. The total electric power of the heaters is 65 kW.

Silica mats were used as thermal insulation 20.

Argon was used as a compressed gas in a 40-liter cylinder 2.

The temperature of the liquid metal coolant 10 during processing is 450 ° C, the excess pressure created using a compressed gas cylinder 2 when moving the liquid metal coolant 10 from one reactor tank 1 to another is 0.5 atm.

Shells 16, bottoms 9 and necks 7, removable cassettes 4, removable covers 19, upper 3, lower 15, outlet 17 and gas 6 pipelines, condenser 12 and separator 18 are made of stainless steel 12X18H10T.

The technical solution made it possible to ensure the cyclicity of the processing process and reduce the processing time by 1.5-2 times compared to the closest analogue of the technical solution.

Claims (6)

CLAIM 1. A device for processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials, containing a reactor tank and a removable cassette located in the internal volume of the reactor tank with the possibility of fixing its position and designed to accommodate waste from rubber and polymeric materials, characterized in that the device additionally equipped with at least one reactor tank and at least one removable cassette, upper, lower, outlet and gas pipelines with shutoff valves located on them, a condenser, a separator, a discharge line for non-condensable gaseous products, heaters and thermal insulation, the reactors are made with the possibility placement of liquid metal coolant in their internal volumes and equipped with removable covers, removable cassettes are made permeable for liquid metal coolant and vapor-gas processing products, internal volumes of reactor tanks in the upper parts of the shells above the level of liquid metal coolant of the carrier and in the lower parts of the shells under the level of the liquid-metal coolant are connected, respectively, by the upper pipeline with two elements of shut-off valves and the lower pipeline with an element of shut-off valves; the outlet pipeline passes through the condenser and connects the upper pipeline between each other in the section between the valves and the separator cavity, the separator cavity is connected to the discharge line of non-condensable gaseous products, the gas pipeline in the area between the valves is connected to the cylinder with compressed gas through a gas reducer, bottoms , the shells and the lower pipeline are equipped with heaters and thermal insulation located on top of them. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a liquid metal coolant, - 4 036565 uses lead or lead-bismuth eutectic alloy. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a thorn-groove seal with a high-temperature packing, for example, of carbon graphite or asbestos, is used between the removable cover and the neck of the reactor tank. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heaters are electric heaters made in the form of nichrome wire with ceramic insulators. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an inert gas, such as argon, is used as the compressed gas. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper pipeline and the discharge pipeline in the section from the upper pipeline to the condenser are equipped with electric heaters and thermal insulation installed over the heaters.