RU2693800C1 - Device for processing wastes from rubber and polymer materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste processing and disposal.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for processing wastes from rubber-technical and polymer materials. Device is equipped with two tanks-reactors and two withdrawable cassettes, upper, lower, discharge and gas pipelines with shutoff valves, condenser, separator, discharge line of non-condensing gaseous products, heaters and heat insulation. Reactor tanks are arranged to house liquid metal heat carrier in their inner volumes and are provided with detachable covers. Removable cassettes are permeable for liquid metal heat carrier and steam-gas products of processing. Inner volumes of reactor tanks in upper and lower parts of shells are interconnected by upper and lower pipelines. Internal volumes of tanks-reactors in upper parts of shells are interconnected with gas pipeline. Discharge pipeline passes through the condenser and connects to each other the upper pipeline and cavity of the separator. Cavity of separator is connected to discharge line of non-condensing gaseous products. Gas pipeline is connected to a cylinder with compressed gas through a gas reducer. Bottoms, shells and lower pipeline are equipped with heaters and heat insulation located above them.

EFFECT: reduced time of processing waste from rubber and polymer materials.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technology of processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials into valuable liquid, gaseous and solid products and can be used in chemical, rubber, petrochemical and other industries.

A device for pyrolysis using liquid metal is known [US Patent No. 9,446,376, Apparatus for pyrolysis using molten metal, CPC B01J 19/26; B01J 19/0006; C01B 49/14; C10B 53/00, Publ. September 20, 2016]. The device includes a molten metal reactor, a circulation pump connected to the reactor, a buffer tank located on the upper part of the reactor, a nozzle that provides a splashing of liquid metal in the internal cavity of the reactor, connected to a circulation pump, a node for the separation of pyrolysis products (char) and slag ), as well as a firing furnace connected to the reactor for combustion of semi-coke coming from the reactor, a heat exchanger is located inside the furnace connected to the internal volume of the reactor for heating liquid metal due to the heat resulting from the combustion of char. In the known device, tin, bismuth or their alloys are used as the liquid metal. The known device allows you to recycle waste biomass, coal, plastics and rubber.

The disadvantages of the known devices are the complexity of the design, the inability to process polymeric materials with a reinforcing cage unresolved pyrolysis (such as car tires), the formation of toxic compounds as a result of tin, bismuth or their alloy in the firing furnace with the coke during operation.

A device for producing pyrocarbon from carbon-containing raw materials, including solid, in which the pyrolytic process is carried out is known [RF Patent for utility model No. 90779, IPC С01В 31/02, Installation for producing pyrocarbon, Publ. 01.20.2010, Bull. No 2]. The device contains a muffle furnace, inside of which a metal container with a removable lid is partially housed. In the inner space of the container is a ceramic cup filled with molten lead or bismuth or their alloy. In the melt placed the end of the ceramic tube passing through the sealing system and the lid of the container. The internal space of the container is connected by pipeline through the storage of reaction products and the filter with the chromatograph, and the internal space of the storage of reaction products is connected to the environment through a hydraulic lock. For the production of pyrocarbon from various carbon-containing solids, a mesh container attached to a ceramic tube is used.

The disadvantages of the known devices are the need to use crushed materials and relatively low performance associated with the need to interrupt the processing cycle for the operations of loading and unloading.

The closest to the claimed invention is the patent of the Russian Federation for a utility model [No. 4121, IPC C10B 1/04, Furnace for the pyrolysis of used car tires, Publ. 05/16/1997]. The device is a cylindrical pyrolysis chamber formed by the upper and lower parts, which are interconnected by means of a conical detachable connection. Loading of the processed raw materials (automobile tires) is carried out in the furnace in a removable ring basket. All main communications are connected to the lower part of the furnace, the upper part is removable. Tires are heated by supplying heating gas to the pyrolysis chamber. The work cycle of a well-known kiln consists of assembling the kiln, starting and processing, purging the pyrolysis chamber with an inert gas or steam, dismantling the kiln, unloading a basket with solid products, and loading a new basket with tires.

A disadvantage of the known device is the relatively low performance associated with the need to interrupt the processing process after the expiration of the time required for the complete pyrolysis of a single tire load, in order to extract products and load a new batch of tires and the impossibility of combining the processing and loading / unloading of materials in time.

The problem solved by the proposed technical solution is to eliminate this disadvantage of the known device, namely, to ensure a continuous process of processing materials and combining in time the processes of processing and loading / unloading of materials.

The technical result is a reduction in the processing time of rubber and polymeric materials.

To eliminate this drawback in the device for processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials is proposed:

- the device additionally provide at least one tank-reactor and at least one removable cassette with upper, lower, discharge and gas pipelines with shut-off valves, a condenser, a separator, a line of non-condensable gaseous products located on them, heaters and heat insulation;

- Tanks-reactors to perform with the possibility of placing in their internal volumes of liquid metal coolant and provide removable covers;

- Removable cassettes to be permeable to liquid metal coolant and steam-gas processing products;

- the internal volumes of the reactor tanks in the upper parts of the shells above the liquid metal coolant level and in the lower parts of the shells below the liquid metal coolant level should be reported, respectively, by the upper pipeline with two elements of the shut-off valve and the lower pipe with the valve element;

- report the internal volumes of the reactor tanks in the upper parts of the shells above the liquid metal coolant level with a gas pipeline with two shut-off valve elements;

- take the discharge pipe through the condenser and connect the upper pipeline between the valve elements and the separator cavity;

- connect the separator cavity with the discharge line of non-condensable gaseous products;

- connect the gas pipeline in the area between the shut-off valve elements to the cylinder with compressed gas through the gas reducer;

- to provide the bottoms, sides and bottom piping with heaters and thermal insulation located on top of them.

In private cases, the implementation of the device for processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials is proposed:

- first, use lead or eutectic lead-bismuth as a liquid metal coolant;

- secondly, between the removable lid and the neck of the tank-reactor to use the thorn-groove seal with high-temperature gasket, for example, from carbon graphite or asbestos;

- thirdly, as heaters use electric heaters, made in the form of nichrome wire with ceramic insulators;

- fourth, to use inert gas, for example, argon, as a compressed gas;

- fifth, the upper pipeline and the outlet pipeline, in the area from the upper pipeline to the condenser, should be equipped with electric heaters, and installed on top of the heaters with thermal insulation.

The essence of the device for processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials is as follows.

The figure shows a diagram of one of the possible variants of the device (two tank layout). In the figure, the following reference numerals are adopted: 1 — tank-reactor; 2 - cylinder with compressed gas, 3 - upper pipeline; 4 - removable cassette; 5 - gas reducer; 6 - gas pipeline; 7 - throat; 8 - detail of fixing the position of the removable cassette; 9 - bottom; 10 - liquid metal coolant; 11 - stop valves; 12 - capacitor; 13 - line of discharge of non-condensable gaseous products; 14 - heater; 15 - bottom pipeline; 16 shell; 17 - discharge pipe; 18 - separator; 19 - removable cover; 20 - heat insulation.

The device is equipped with at least two reactor tanks 1 and at least two removable cassettes 4, top 3, bottom 15, outlet 17 and gas 6 pipelines with stop valves 11 located on them, condenser 12, separator 18, line discharge of non-condensable gaseous products 13, heaters 14 and thermal insulation 20.

Removable cassette 4 are located in the internal volumes of the tanks-reactors 1 with the possibility of fixing their position and are designed to accommodate waste from rubber and polymeric materials. Removable cassettes 4 are made permeable to liquid metal coolant 10 to ensure contact of the liquid metal coolant 10 with recyclable waste and, as a consequence, their effective heating, as well as for removal from the internal space of removable cassettes 4 vapor-gas processing products. Fixing the provisions of the removable cassettes 4 in the internal volume of the tank reactors 1 prevents their ascent in the process of placing in the internal volumes of the tank reactors 1 of the liquid metal coolant 10.

To ensure a high heating rate of waste from rubber and polymeric materials, tank-reactors 1 are made with the possibility of accommodating in their internal volumes liquid metal coolant 10 and are equipped with removable lids 19 mounted on necks 7.

Removable covers 19 are designed to seal the internal volumes of the reactor tanks 1 and to exclude uncontrolled emissions of steam-gas processing products.

The internal volumes of the reactor tanks 1 in the upper parts of the shells 16 above the level of the liquid metal coolant 10 and in the lower parts of the shells 16 below the level of the liquid metal coolant 10 are communicated, respectively, by the upper pipeline 3 with two elements of the shut-off valve 11 and the lower pipeline 15 with the element of the shut-off valve 11.

The upper pipeline 3 with two elements of valves 11 is designed to remove from the cavities of the tanks-reactors 1 vapor-gas products during processing and dropping excess pressure in the process of moving the liquid metal coolant 10 from one tank-reactor 1 to another.

The bottom pipe 14 with the valve element 11 is used to move the liquid metal coolant 10 from one tank reactor 1 to another tank reactor 1.

The internal volumes of the tank-reactors 1 in the upper parts of the shells 16 above the level of the liquid metal coolant 10 are connected to the gas pipeline 6 with two elements of the stop valves 11.

The discharge pipe 17 passes through the condenser 12 and interconnects the upper pipe 3 in the area between the elements of the valves 11 and the cavity of the separator 18.

The passage of vapor-gas processing products through the condenser 12 provides condensation of liquid products of processing that are in the vapor phase.

To prevent condensation of products in the vapor phase before they enter the condenser 12, the top 3 and the discharge pipe 17 are equipped with heaters 14 and thermal insulation 20 located above them.

The purpose of the separator 18 is to separate the liquid and gaseous products of the processing of the accumulation of liquid products of processing.

The cavity of the separator 18 is connected to the discharge line 13 non-condensable gaseous products to remove non-condensable gaseous products.

The gas pipeline 6 in the area between the two elements of the valves 11 is connected to the cylinder with compressed gas 2 through the gas pressure regulator 5.

It is necessary to move the liquid metal coolant 10 from one reactor tank 1 to another, in one of them it is necessary to create an overpressure.

The bottom 9, the shell 16 and the bottom of the pipe 15 is equipped with heaters 14 to achieve the necessary in the process of processing the temperature of the liquid metal coolant 10

On top of the heaters 14 is heat insulation 20 to reduce heat loss.

In private cases, the implementation of the device do the following.

First, lead or bismuth eutectic alloy is used as the liquid metal coolant 10.

Secondly, between the necks 7 and the removable covers 19, a thorn-groove seal is used with a high-temperature gasket, for example, from carbon graphite or asbestos.

Thirdly, as heaters 14, electric heaters are used, made in the form of nichrome wire with ceramic insulators.

Fourthly, an inert gas, such as argon, is used as the compressed gas.

Fifthly, the upper pipeline and the outlet pipeline, in the area from the upper pipeline to the condenser, are supplied with electric heaters, and heat insulation installed on the heaters.

The device works as follows.

In one of the tanks-reactors 1, a liquid-metal coolant 10 is placed. In the other tank-reactor 1, a removable cassette 4 with pre-loaded waste from rubber or polymer materials is placed. On the neck 7 install removable covers 19 and seal the internal volumes of the tank-reactors 1.

Turn on the heaters 14, bring the temperature of the tank reactor 1 with a liquid metal coolant to 450 ° C.

The shutoff valve 11 placed on the lower pipeline 15 is opened, and the internal volumes of the reactor tanks 1 are communicated through the lower pipeline 15. Due to the creation of an overpressure of gas using the cylinder 2 in the tank reactor 1, the liquid metal coolant 10 is transferred to the tank reactor 1 without liquid metal the coolant 10, which is removable cassette 4 with waste rubber and polymeric materials. This begins the process of recycling.

Shut-off valves 11 on the bottom pipe 15 are closed and relieve excess pressure in the tank-reactor 1, from which the liquid metal coolant 10 was moved, to atmospheric.

The processed products that are in the vapor-gas phase, through the upper pipeline 3, enter the discharge pipe 17 and further into the condenser 12, where they are cooled and condensed.

Next, the processed products enter the separator 18, where the separation of liquid and non-condensable gaseous products.

Liquid processing products accumulate in the separator 18, and non-condensable gaseous products enter the discharge line of non-condensable gaseous products 13.

At that time, while in one of the tanks-reactors 1 the process of processing proceeds, a removable cover 19 is removed from the other tank-reactor 1 and a removable cartridge 4 is installed into it, with waste rubber or polymer materials arranged in advance. Next on the neck 7 of this tank-reactor 1, a removable cover 19 is installed and the tank-reactor 1 is sealed.

At the end of the processing process in the tank-reactor 1 with the heat-carrier 10 located in it, the shut-off valves 11 on the lower pipeline 15 are opened. Due to the overpressure of the gas in the cylinder 2, the liquid metal coolant 10 is transferred to another tank-reactor 1. After that, the shut-off valves 11 on the bottom pipe 15 are closed. From the tank reactor 1, from which the liquid metal coolant 10 was moved, remove the removable cover 19 and remove the removable cartridge 4 with solid products of processing.

Solid products are removed from the removable cassette 4 and load into it the waste from rubber or polymer materials.

Next, the removable cassette 4 with waste from rubber or polymeric materials is placed back into the reactor tank 1, a removable cover 19 is installed on its neck 7 and the reactor tank 1 is sealed.

Then the cycle repeats.

An example of a specific design of the device.

The device consists of two tank-reactors 1. The inner diameter of the shell 16 of the tank-reactor 1 is 820 mm, thickness - 4 mm, height - 560 mm. The thickness of the bottom 9 of the tank reactor 1 is 10 mm. The neck 7 is made in the form of a flange DN800, the performance of the groove.

The removable cover 19 is made in the form of a cap flange DN800 execution spike. To the removable cover 19, eyelets are welded to secure the lifting mechanism.

A carbon-graphite cord 5x5 mm in size was used as a high-temperature gasket between the removable cover 19 and the neck 7.

Removable cassette 4 is made in the form of a frame of round timber with a diameter of 8 mm covered with a mesh with a mesh size of 5x5 mm and a wire thickness of 1.2 mm. The outer diameter of the removable cassette 4 is 810 mm, height - 385 mm.

Lead grade C2 (GOST 3778-98) was used as the liquid metal coolant 10. The volume of liquid metal coolant used 10 was 350 liters.

The upper 3 and 17 diverting pipelines are made of pipe size 32x2 mm. The upper pipeline 3 is welded into the shell 4 by 50 mm below the upper plane of the neck 7. The lower pipeline 15 is made of a pipe of 68 × 4 mm and welded in the bottom 9. The gas pipeline 6 is made of a pipe of 16 × 2 mm and welded into the shell 16 on 50 mm below the upper surface of the neck 7.

Condenser 12 is made in the form of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a long tube bundle of 1500 mm, 12 tubes in number, tube size 12 × 0.8 mm, relative pitch 1.5. The condenser 12 is cooled by running water with a temperature of 9 ÷ 18 ° C.

The separator 18 has a diameter of 300 mm and a height of 700 mm. On the bottom of the separator 18 is provided a valve for draining the liquid.

Heaters 14 are made of nichrome (X20H80) wire with a diameter of 2 mm, insulated with ceramic insulators. The total electrical power of the heaters is 65 kW.

As the insulation 20 used silica mats.

Argon in a forty-liter bottle 2 was used as the compressed gas.

The temperature of the liquid metal coolant during processing is 450 ° C, the excess pressure created by using a cylinder with compressed gas 2, when moving the liquid metal coolant 10 from one tank reactor 1 to another is 0.5 atm.

Shell 16, the bottom 9 and the neck 7, removable cassette 4, removable cover 19, top 3, bottom 15, outlet 17 and gas 6 pipelines, capacitor 12 and separator 18 are made of stainless steel 12X18H10T.

The technical solution allowed to ensure the cyclical nature of the processing process and reduce the processing time by 1.5-2 times compared with the closest analogue of the technical solution.

Claims (6)

1. A device for processing waste from rubber and polymeric materials containing a tank reactor and a removable cassette located in the internal volume of the tank reactor with the possibility of fixing its position and designed to accommodate waste from rubber and polymeric materials, characterized in that the device additionally equipped with at least one tank-reactor and at least one removable cassette, top, bottom, outlet and gas pipelines with shut-off valves located on them, by the condenser, separator, discharge line of non-condensable gaseous products, heaters and thermal insulation, reactor tanks are designed to accommodate liquid metal coolant in their internal volumes and provided with removable lids; removable cassettes are permeable for liquid metal coolant and vapor-gas processing products; the upper parts of the shells above the level of the liquid metal coolant and in the lower parts of the shells below the level of the liquid metal the source is communicated respectively by the upper pipeline with two elements of valves and the lower pipeline with elements of valves, the internal volumes of the reactors in the upper parts of the shells above the level of the metal coolant are connected to the gas pipeline with two elements of valves, the discharge pipe passes through the condenser and connects the upper pipeline in the area between the valves and the separator cavity, the separator cavity is connected to the discharge line not of the condensing gaseous products, the gas pipeline in the area between the valves of the valves is connected to a cylinder with compressed gas through a gas reducer, the bottoms, shells and the lower pipeline are equipped with heaters and thermal insulation located on top of them. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that lead or bismuth eutectic alloy is used as the liquid metal coolant. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the removable lid and the neck of the reactor tank, a thorn-groove seal with a high-temperature gasket, for example, made of graphite or asbestos, is used. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that as heaters use electric heaters, made in the form of nichrome wire with ceramic insulators. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that an inert gas, for example argon, is used as the compressed gas. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper pipeline and the exhaust pipeline in the area from the upper pipeline to the condenser are equipped with electric heaters and heat insulation installed over the heaters.

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