EA016599B1 - Method for seeding agricultural crops and seed planter therefore - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is aimed art providing conditions for the field germination higher rate, for reducing cost of pre seed tillage, for subsoil band-wise application of herbicides, for soil erosion reduction and for simpler design. The seed planter comprises a sowing unit (1), connected with the frame (3) of the seed planter through the parallelogram suspension. The levers (5) of the frame rest upon the two support rollers (6) arranged between row spacing frontally to the sowing unit. The hoe blade (9) and the seeding device are mounted on the frame behind the rollers with the help of the stand. The hoe blade has a cover (11) with an opening in it, suitable for installation of the herbicide spreader (12). Apart from the spreader the roller (13) is mounted on the cover for soil crushing, which runs on its pivot, connected with the journal of the levers through the tow bars (5). The pivot of the support rollers is linked to the pivot of the roller by the chain gear. Behind the hoe blade the narrow wedge opener (17) with the cheek plates (18) is mounted on the sowing unit. In the pivot zone of the opener the flat is made, while on the cheek plates the knives (20) are installed behind the opener. Through the openings in the cheek plates the pivot is put, on which the skid-form seed pressing device (22) is installed with the taper flat in the lower part. On each side of the seed pressing device the knives are mounted on the pivots; such knives are able to run on the pivot due to the slot in the end-part of the knives and the adjusting screw. The seed pressing device is spring-loaded (28).

Description

The claimed invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the sowing of row crops.

State of the art

A known method of sowing crops [1], including pre-sowing preparation of the soil, intra-soil application of herbicides, sowing seeds in the surface layer of the soil and post-sowing rolling, as well as the application of mineral fertilizers during sowing.

The main disadvantages of this method are the low field germination of seeds and the unevenness of their placement along the row, which reduces the yield, high energy intensity and erosion hazard of the method, as well as the complexity of the design of devices for sowing and pre-sowing.

The invention solves the problem of increasing field germination of seeds by creating more favorable conditions for their germination, uniform distribution of seeds along the row using their reliable fixation in the furrow during sowing, reducing energy consumption by combining sowing with pre-sowing soil preparation and application of herbicides, minimizing pre-sowing soil preparation, which will reduce the erosion hazard, simplify the design by installing working bodies for pre-sowing tillage and applying herbicides to the sowing section and use including a row cultivator from a set of machines for the care of row crops.

The requirements for pre-sowing soil preparation, application of herbicides and sowing seeds of row crops are known from a number of works published both on paper and on the Internet. Consider these requirements and modern technical devices that must meet them individually for each of these operations.

Presowing soil preparation.

In [2] and [3], the requirements for the formation of the seed bed and seed placement in the soil are presented in order to achieve their maximum germination.

Soil cultivation should create conditions with the optimal combination of factors necessary for normal seed germination: water, oxygen and heat. The presence of accessible water and oxygen in the soil is the most important condition for the emergence of sprouts. On the other hand, these factors are antagonistic and depend on soil density: loose soil contains more air and less moisture, and dense soil, on the contrary.

Agronomic experiments [2] indicate that the best combination of these factors is achieved only when the seed is located in the soil at the boundary of two layers - the lower with the undisturbed capillary system and the upper loose (Fig. 1a).

Capillaries are well developed in the undisturbed lower soil layer, which provides the seed and germinating roots of the plant with moisture, regardless of the weather conditions that develop after sowing. The upper mulching layer protects the seed bed from moisture evaporation, through it air exchange and heat flow [2]. Seeds should be sown on the aquifer capillary layer [3].

Earlier V.S. came to the same results in relation to sowing sugar beets. Glukhovsky [4], who established that for sowing sugar beet seeds on the final density, it is necessary that during the pre-sowing treatment of the soil, the capillary system is broken in the upper soil layer above the seeds and a mulching layer is created that prevents moisture evaporation, and at the depth of seed placement and below, the capillary structure of the soil must be preserved in order to ensure a steady flow of moisture to the seeds.

However, in practice, pre-sowing tillage is carried out to a greater depth than the depth of seeding. In this case, the soil layer located below the seed placement depth (sub-seeded layer) should be densified (Fig. 1b and c) [2], since the loose capillary system is restored in loose sandy soils in a few hours, and in loamy and clay soils after several months and even years [5].

Moderate compaction of the sub-seeded soil layer, previously loosened, is desirable to ensure contact between the soil and the seeds, but when a certain limit is reached, it becomes undesirable. When this layer is re-compacted, the germination and initial growth of plants, which cannot develop with limited aeration, slows down. A particularly negative role of re-compaction takes place on heavy loamy and clay soils [2].

Thus, it follows from the foregoing that the best option for pre-sowing tillage to obtain maximum seed germination is one in which the capillary system of the sub-seeded soil layer is not disturbed, either before or after sowing the seeds.

It is impossible to achieve this with the well-known modern technical means, therefore, devices are being developed [2], with which they try to restore in various ways the integrity of the capillary system of the seeded layer, which is acceptable during presowing cultivation of the soil, instead of preventing its destruction neither before sowing nor after.

The purpose of pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, along with the destruction of weed shoots, is to create a specific soil structure in the subsurface and seedless soil layers. In [6], it is stated that the structural composition of the soil before sowing should be differentiated in depth, and

- 1 016599 such differentiation is most effective when soil aggregates from 5 to 20 mm in size are concentrated in the super-seed layer (0-40 mm), and aggregates from 0.25 to 5 mm in size in the near-soil layer (40-80 mm). However, devices that perform differentiated layer-by-layer cultivation of the near-seed and above-seed soil layers are absent.

Meanwhile, when determining the laboratory germination of seeds [1], they are sown in sand with particle sizes from 0.5 to 2 mm, respectively, and in the field of the near-seed and sub-seed layers, they should have a soil structure close to the sand structure in order to provide minimal resistance to seed germination on the initial stage of its appearance from the seed and at the same time provide air access to the seeds.

At the same time, in order to increase the erosion resistance of the soil, the super-seed layer (surface layer) should not contain aggregates with sizes less than 1 mm [8].

In the known method, pre-sowing tillage is performed on the entire surface of the field. At the same time, favorable conditions are created for cultivated plants and weeds located in the aisles.

But for row crops, a narrow strip (50-70 mm) (an ordinal seed bed) [2] with optimal conditions for germination, in which seeds will be sown, is needed. In the known method, pre-sowing preparation is carried out on the entire surface of the field or a continuous seed bed is prepared [2], which requires unnecessary unproductive energy costs.

In turn, bringing the entire field surface to a finely knotted state contributes to the emergence of wind and water erosion, while such treatment in a narrow strip (with untreated aisles) will reduce the conditions for erosion.

The gap between the pre-sowing preparation of the soil and sowing leads to an increased appearance of weeds and a sharp decrease in moisture reserves in the soil [9]. This requires having a seeder, a combined machine or a row cultivator, with which these operations are performed, in a complex of machines for cultivating row crops.

Herbicide application.

An important factor in increasing the yield of row crops is the elimination of weeds in crops. This is achieved by the use of soil herbicides.

One of the ways to increase the effectiveness of weed control is the introduction of herbicides into the soil, which has several advantages: weed control, regardless of their physiological state; long-term action of the herbicide; a significant reduction in the rate of consumption of the herbicide; independence of the application of herbicides from the ambient temperature and its surface velocity; environmental safety of the method for both machine operators and the environment.

For intrasoil tape application of the herbicide, a device consisting of a two-sided lancet cultivator paw with a sprayer located in the sublap space can be used [10].

Intrasoil application of herbicides can be carried out, for example, according to the Astrakhan technology [1] using both continuous and tape methods during the pre-sowing cultivation.

The disadvantage of this method of pre-sowing cultivation and application of herbicides is that the regulation of the depth of pre-sowing cultivation and sowing is carried out separately by the support rollers of the cultivating and sowing sections, which inevitably leads to a violation of the capillary system of the seeded soil layer.

In turn, the selection of pre-sowing cultivation and the introduction of herbicides in a separate operation from sowing make the method energy-intensive. In part, this drawback is eliminated by hanging a pre-sowing cultivator on the front linkage of the tractor, and seeders on the rear linkage.

Sowing and seeding in the groove.

In modern seeders, seeds fall from the sowing devices into the sowing furrow from a height of 30 mm (Moyorsh seeders from Kusgps1apy) to 140 mm (Soyuig seeders from Ltahops). The movement of the seeder gives the seeds a horizontal component of the speed of their fall, which, in turn, causes the possibility of an oblique impact on the hard surface of the bottom of the furrow and violates the uniform distribution of seeds along the row.

To eliminate this drawback, narrow-wedge coulters are used in precision seeders. Seed falling into the wedge of the groove is fixed in it. However, this can only happen if the seed falls strictly in a plane vertical to the top of the wedge. But in the process of the seeder movement, disturbances caused by irregularities of the field occur, perpendicular to the direction of sowing, which violate the vertical fall of the seed relative to the top of the wedge of the sowing groove. As a result, the seeds, hitting the wall of the wedge of the groove, bounce from it due to the horizontal component of the rate of fall, as a result of which the uniformity of seed distribution along the groove is not achieved.

Falling into the sowing groove, the seeds, due to their low weight, do not have sufficient contact with the capillary system of the subseed layer. This requirement can be fulfilled by pressing seeds into the surface of the sub-seeded layer with a special device following the opener [2].

An analysis of devices that press seeds into the bottom of the groove is given in [2]. This ope

- 2 016599 the radio is carried out by the rear support rollers of the sowing section, special rollers located behind the coulter, combinations of supporting and special rollers or not at all [11], [12]. In the latter case, the seeds in the groove are closed by zagrotachami, and not the rolled seeds in the grooves have insufficient contact with the soil, but a loose layer is created above the seeds (Fig. 1b [2]).

The rollers that press the seeds into the groove have a width greater than the width of the groove [13]. Due to this, the walls of the groove are shed and a compacted subseeding layer of soil is artificially created above the seeds (Fig. 1c). The thickness of the compacted sub-seed layer in the known devices is not adjustable, it can be less than the seed placement depth (when using the earthing machine after the packer roller in single-bearing sowing sections with a front support), or equal to it (when using shorting machines in front of the packer roller or rear support) [ eleven]. But the compacted sub-seed soil layer violates the optimal conditions for seed germination.

For pressing seeds into the bottom of the groove, various types of rollers are used. So, in the Moporsh seeders [11], a compacting roller with a continuous rubberized MopoPsh rim based on ball bearings is used. or, as in the Rhythm-1M seeders [12], U-shaped finger compaction rollers.

The disadvantages of packer rollers include the following:

compactors of both the near and the seed layers of the soil are compacted, which worsens the conditions for germinating seeds;

in rollers with a solid rubberized rim, seeds may stick to the rim with a moist sowing groove;

sticking of seeds in finger rollers is less possible, but the seeds are pressed into the groove dashed (the ends of the rubber fingers have a spherical surface) and seeds can enter the interdigital zone, which does not ensure that all seeds are pressed in;

the design of the packer rollers is relatively complex in design - it necessarily includes a frame of rollers with an axis of rotation of the frame, rollers (roller) with axes (axis) of rotation and bearings and relatively difficult to operate - it requires protection of rubber parts from solar insolation and precipitation, lubrication of nodes of the axis of rotation ice rinks.

A known method of wide row planting of crops and a device for its implementation [14].

The method is as follows.

A skeletal comb profile is formed on the treated field, the seeds are laid on the tops of the profile ridges, pressed into them and covered with a mulching layer of soil. At the same time, the aisles are loosened to a depth of 6 cm. Moreover, the aisle profile has the shape of a trapezoid. To implement the method, a seeder is used, including a transverse beam with sections attached and plane-cutting paws, comb-forming knives and profiled coils mounted on the coulters of the sections, the flat-cutting paw provided with a damping spring, and the profiled roller mounted movably relative to the coulter and has a restrictive pin and a load pin spring.

Meanwhile, modern seeded sections of seeders for row crops are equipped with one or two supports or do not have supports [9]. In support sowing sections, rollers or runners are used as supports. In single-bearing sections, supports are located in front of the coulter, in the rear or in the center, in two supporting sections, in front and behind the coulter, or in the center and behind.

As follows from the description of the invention [14], this device is made unsupported, since in the claims there is no indication of the support of the seed section. In supportless sowing sections, the microrelief of the soil is copied by the coulter [9]. For this, the coulter must have a sufficient supporting surface, however, such a coulter will need to compact the sub-seeded soil layer, which prevents the achievement of the goal set by the invention. And the presence of combing knives on the sowing section will cause additional load on the coulter and compaction of the sub-seeded layer.

In turn, in a soil strip equal in width to the trapezoidal base, weed control cannot be carried out before sowing with a cultivator paw or subsoil application of herbicides, which will require additional measures to destroy weeds in this strip after sowing.

A device for presowing soil preparation and sowing [15]. The specified device includes a seed section with a skid support, which simultaneously performs the role of a lump. A groove is made in the bottom of the support, in which a knife is installed at an angle to the horizon, acting as a cultivating paw. A spring-loaded and drive-mounted roller is installed on the upper plane of the bottom, the purpose of which is to bring the soil in the ordinal space to a shallow state. The disadvantages of this device include the following:

the skid support moves, sliding on the surface of the soil, which creates additional sliding resistance to the movement of the seeder;

there is no possibility of separate regulation of the depth of the ball latch or its non-use when this is not required;

- 3 016599 there is no possibility at the same time as sowing the subsoil application of herbicides;

the pod-shaped support creates pressure on the sub-seed layer, disrupting the natural constitution of its capillary system.

The closest analogue to the proposed device is a device for pre-sowing tillage and sowing [16]. The device includes a sowing apparatus mounted on a parallelogram suspension with a narrow-wedge opener and a lancet paw placed in front of the opener on the frame of the sowing apparatus. The sowing apparatus relies on U-shaped support rollers placed on the sides of the coulter.

This design allows you to eliminate the first three drawbacks in the device for presowing soil preparation and sowing. However, the track rollers located on the sides of the coulter also violate the natural constitution of the capillary system of the sub-seed layer.

The placement of the support rollers of the sowing section behind the cultivating paw, as shown by the author’s studies at the research base of the Krasnaya Zvezda plant (Kirovograd, Ukraine), leads to unregulated deepening of the sowing section.

This is explained by the following. At the time of the transfer of the seeder from the transport position to the working one, the cultivator leg is first buried in the soil, while the rollers do not affect the depth of the seeder. But, when the support rollers are lowered onto the soil layer loosened by the cultivating paw, they crumple it and are buried to an unregulated depth, making the sowing section inoperative.

It is known that in tilled cultivators the support rollers of the cultivator sections are located in front of the cultivator paws, and the phenomenon of unregulated deepening, as in the device under consideration, does not occur.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to develop a method for pre-sowing soil preparation, intra-soil tape application of herbicides, sowing seeds and their post-sowing rolling, which allows creating optimal conditions for achieving field germination of seeds close to their laboratory germination and their uniform distribution along row, significantly reduce the cost of the method, reduce the conditions for the occurrence of wind and water erosion, simplify the design of the complex tools for pre-sowing cultivation, subsoil application of herbicides and sowing seeds.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that pre-sowing soil cultivation, intrasoil tape application of herbicides and sowing are performed by one device, while during pre-sowing soil treatment and application of herbicides the capillary structure of the sub-seeded soil layer is not disturbed, differentiation in depth of the seeded and seeded soil layers is carried out, carried out ordinal loosening of the soil up to 50 mm wide, it is not allowed to roll the sown seeds along the row, pressing the seeds into the groove without passage and the possibility of their adhesion to the pressing device, the seeds are covered with a loose layer of soil.

As mentioned earlier, the use of existing methods and devices does not allow to achieve these goals.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The possibility of carrying out the invention is illustrated by the description of the device illustrated by the drawings, which show:

in FIG. 1 - a method of preparing a continuous seed bed;

in FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device, side view;

in FIG. 3 - placement of the working bodies, top view (sowing apparatus not shown);

in FIG. 4 is a kinematic diagram of a roller drive and installation of a herbicide sprayer, side view;

in FIG. 5 - kinematic diagram of the drive roller, top view;

in FIG. 6 - opener, side view and its section;

in FIG. 7 - seed presser, side view;

in FIG. 8 - seed presser, bottom view;

in FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a seed presser;

in FIG. 10 - a device for regulating the gap between the roller and the cover of the cultivator paw;

in FIG. 11 is a section of a groove.

The device consists of a seed section 1 (Fig. 2) connected by means of a parallelogram suspension 2 to the frame of the seeder 3. The frame 4 of the seed section 1 is supported by levers 5 on two support rollers 6, which are placed frontally with respect to the seed section 1 (Fig. 3 ) and rotate on axis 7 (Figs. 4 and 5).

Behind the track rollers 6 (Fig. 2) on the frame 4, a cultivator paw 9 and a sowing apparatus 10 are installed using a rack 8. On the cultivator paw 9 (Fig. 4) a cover 11 is mounted with an opening for installing the herbicide sprayer 12. Behind the sprayer 12 on the cover 11, a roller 13 is placed, which rotates on an axis 14 (FIG. 5), connected by leashes 15 to the trunnions of the levers 5. The axis 7 of the track rollers 6 is connected to the axis 14 of the roller 13 by a chain gear 16.

For the cultivating paw 9 (Fig. 2), a narrow-wedge opener 17 with

- 4 016599 cheeks 18. In the calcaneal part of the opener 17, a flat 19 is made (Fig. 6), and knives 20 are installed on the cheeks 18 behind the opener.

Behind the opener 17, an axis 21 (Fig. 2) is threaded in the openings of the cheeks 18, on which a snake-shaped seed presser 22 is mounted with a conical flat 23 in the lower part (Fig. 8). In the front part, on the sides of the presser 22 (Figs. 7 and 9), knives 26 are mounted on the axes 24 and 25 with the possibility of rotation around the axis 24 due to the groove in the rear of the knives 26 and the adjusting screw 27. The presser 22 is pressed by a spring 28 (Fig. 2 ) In the groove of the cheeks 18 (Fig. 7), a limiter 29 of the stroke depth of the presser 22 is installed.

On the frame of the sowing section 4 (Fig. 2) behind the indenter 22 there are earthing devices 30.

On the frame of the seeder 3 (Fig. 2 and 3) in front of the cultivating paw 9, a device for applying mineral fertilizers 31 with a lump 32 is installed.

To regulate the gap between the roller 13 and the cover 11 on the trunnion of the lever 5 (Fig. 10) installed screw 33, which abuts against the stop of the leash 15.

On the frame 4 (Fig. 3) behind the sowing device 10 using the traverse 34 and the racks of the legs 8, you can install cultivating legs 9 with a spray of herbicides 12.

The method is as follows.

In the previous year, the operations of the main tillage (peeling, plowing, cultivation, etc.) are carried out. In the year of sowing, early spring tillage is carried out (closing moisture and leveling the surface of the field). With good evenness of the surface of the field in the previous year, you can abandon the early spring tillage and proceed with the implementation of the proposed method.

Depending on the moisture of the seed soil layer, the lump 32 (Fig. 2) is set to the shear depth of the dry layer or is deepened from the soil. Track rollers 6 adjust the sowing depth (depth of the coulter).

The cultivator paw 9 is set to a depth less than the sowing depth, by a value of 11. Moreover, the value 1 is determined by the unevenness of the field surface - the smaller the unevenness of the field, the less than 1. This installation of the cultivator paw will allow to preserve the structure of the capillary system of the seed layer.

When the device is moving, the lump 32 moves the dry soil layer from the row axis, the cultivating paw 9 loosens and moves the soil layer to the cover 11 (Fig. 3), while under the roller 13, made 50-70 mm wide, the moist soil layer is moved, which is crushed compression in the space between the roller 13 and the cover 11.

The degree of crushing of the soil is regulated by the gap between the roller 13 and the cover 11 with the help of adjusting screws 33 (Fig. 10) so that the soil particles after crushing had sizes from 1 to 5 mm for sugar beets, soybeans, etc. crops or from 5 to 20 mm for corn and sunflower. These soil particles will subsequently be formed with the help of zagrotachi 30 super-seed layer. To prevent soil unloading in front of the roller 13, it has a drive using a chain drive 16 from the track rollers 6 (Fig. 4 and 5).

The coulter 17 forms a trapezoidal groove (Fig. 11) into which the knives 20 (Fig. 6) cut soil particles up to 1 mm in size from the groove wall. Falling to the bottom of the groove, these soil particles form a pillow (Fig. 10), onto which seeds fall from the sowing apparatus 10. When the seed falls on the pillow, it is deformed, which eliminates the elastic impact of the seed on the bottom of the groove and does not cause its rebound and movement along the row. The width of the bottom of the groove is chosen so that the seeds falling from the sowing apparatus do not come into contact with the walls of the groove.

The presser 22 with the help of knives 23 (Fig. 7) cuts off soil particles from the sides of the groove, which, falling on the seeds and the bottom of the groove, together with the cushion form a near-surface layer. Then the indenter 22 compacts the seed layer and introduces the seed into the seed layer.

The thickness of the seed layer is adjusted using a screw 27 (Fig. 7 and 9) so that it is minimal, while ensuring the following conditions:

when seeds are introduced into the groove by the squeezer 22, the surface layer should impede the movement of seeds along the groove;

the seed should be located on the border of the sub-seed and sub-soil layers of the soil.

The tapered bottom 24 (FIGS. 8 and 9) of the squeezer 22 of the seeded layer is denser on the sides of the seed than in the middle of the groove, and the soil layer above the seed is shifted to the groove, with the seeds centered along the row line.

The layer of minimum thickness created in this way is directly in contact with the capillary system of the seed layer and, in the period before the seedling appears, will have time to swell due to moisture from the seed layer and restore the density that was before the seed presser applied to it, which will not create additional resistance to the seedling .

The depth of seed penetration into the bottom of the groove is regulated using the depth gauge 29 (Figs. 7 and 8) so that the seed is located on the border of the sub-seeded and subsided soil layers.

If necessary, you can use the additional installation of cultivator paws 9 on the traverse

- 5 016599 su 34 (Fig. 3) to process the aisles and to add herbicides to them.

In the proposed method, a row cultivator for pre-sowing tillage and incorporation of herbicides is not used. At the same time, having removed the sowing apparatus with a roller for crushing the soil and its drive from the sowing combine, installing tools for caring for row crops (cultivating paws, okuchniks, etc.) and making a simple setup, we get a tilled cultivator. Thus, there is no need for farms cultivating row crops to purchase a row cultivator as a separate device, and to supplement the sowing combine with tools for caring for row crops. Significant financial savings are obtained, which is especially important for farms.

The method of creating contact between the seeds and the bottom of the grooves using a creeping seed presser can be used for ordinary sowing of seeds with disk coulters.

Information sources

1. A practical guide for the development of intensive technology for cultivating corn for grain. USSR State Agricultural Committee, 1986

2. Effective methods of seed bed formation and seed placement. N.D. LEPESHKIN,

A. A. TOCHITSKY, S.F. LOYKO, V.V. DOBRYAN, Internet.

3. Spring sowing for the 2008 harvest. Recommendations for preparing the soil for sowing. N.D. LEPESHKIN, A.A. TOCHITSKY, S.F. LOYKO, V.V. DOBRYAN, Internet.

4. Sugar beet, 1982, No. 2, pre-sowing tillage when sowing to final density.

B. S. Glukhovsky.

5. Forms of water in the soil and their availability to plants. Information portal of the white wolf. Question 8. The Internet.

6. Combined machine to optimize the structural composition of the sown soil layer and sowing. Medvedev V.V., Voronina N.D. Collection of scientific papers. Resource-saving soil treatment systems. M., Agropromizdat, 1990

7. GOST 12038-84. Seeds of crops. Germination determination methods.

8. Human exposure to soil, the Internet.

9. V.P. Chichkin. Vegetable seeders and combined units. Theory, design, calculation. Kishinev. Stiinza, 1984

10. Rodimtsev S.A. Substantiation and development of working bodies for subsoil application of herbicides, Oryol Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Orel GAU, Internet.

11. Mechanical seeder Moyorsh. The Internet.

12. Precision seeder, pneumatic, 12-row. - RHYTHM, Internet.

13. New units for tillage and sowing in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. N.D. Lepeshkin, A.A. Tochitsky, A.L. Medvedev, Yu.L. Salapur, the Internet.

14. Patent of the Russian Federation KN 2143793.

15. Copyright certificate No. 1273004.

16. Copyright certificate No. 1672947.

The terms used in the description of the combine or combined device are used to name a number of devices - a combine harvester, a coal processor, a food processor, etc. Prior to the creation of the combine harvester, such devices as a header, a sheaf binder, a cart, a stationary thresher and a fan were known, which separately carried out the whole complex of harvesting operations. The creation of a combine harvester eliminated the need for a sheaves and carts and dramatically increased productivity and reduced the energy intensity of harvesting.

By analogy, the inventor believes that the proposed device has the right to bear the name of the sowing combine.

Claims (8)

1 - soil layer below the bottom of the treatment; 2 - the compacted part of the loosened soil layer before sowing; 3 - compacted part of the soil layer with seeds after sowing; 4 - loose topsoil. FIG. one 51 52 6 in E / 3 17 18 21 22 28 30 FIG. 2 1. The method of pre-sowing tillage and sowing, characterized in that the pre-sowing cultivation and subsoil application of herbicides is carried out to a depth that excludes disturbance of the capillary system in the sub-seeded soil layer; in the process of cultivation, a groove is formed, at the bottom of which a soil cushion with high deformation properties is formed; seeds fall on the soil cushion, which is covered with a soil layer, which together with the soil cushion forms a subsurface layer; the seed layer is compacted by an amount ensuring the introduction of seeds into the sub-seed layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the high deformation properties of the soil cushion are obtained by grinding a layer of soil, the particle sizes of which are set depending on the crop. 3. The method according to PP.1, 2, characterized in that the soil cushion is formed by cutting 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after laying the seeds on the soil cushion, the formation of the seed layer is completed by re-cutting from the side walls of the grooves of the soil layer and its subsequent compaction to a value that allows the seeds to be pressed into the sub-seed layer, after which the final filling grooves with loose topsoil. 5. The method according to claims 1, 4, characterized in that at the same time as the seeds are pressed in, they are centered in the groove along the row. 6. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a mechanism for applying mineral fertilizers with a lump and, via a parallelogram suspension, a sowing section with a sowing unit, a narrow-wedge opener with cheeks, a sowing section frame supported by levers on two road wheels, a cultivating paw with a lid installed in front of the opener on the frame, with a lid, in which a herbicide sprayer is mounted behind the lid, and a roller with a drive from the support rollers is mounted on the lid, o Leach in that the support rollers are installed between the rows frontally with respect to the section before planting claw cultivator; in the heel zone of the narrow-wedge opener, a flax horizontal with respect to the sowing groove is made, the maximum width of which is equal to the maximum deviation of seed fall in the transverse directions from the row axis, and knives are installed on the cheeks behind the opener, and a seed presser is mounted behind the opener in the bottom of the seed furrow, which is made in the form of a narrow-wedge runner, resting in front of the horizontal axis mounted in the cheeks behind the zone of fall of seeds from the sowing apparatus, in the rear part having a load spring y, the cross section of the runner cross-section similar to the seed furrow, in front of the runner blades are mounted, and in the heel area of the horizontal Lyska formed as a cone, the vertex of the cone coincides with the heel end of the indentor seeds. Methods of preparing a continuous seed bed a - pre-sowing tillage to a depth of seed placement; b - pre-sowing rolling of a loosened soil layer; c - pre-sowing and post-sowing rolling of the loosened soil layer; - 6 016599 soil from the side walls of the grooves before laying the seeds on the soil cushion. - 7 016599 FIG. 3 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 - 8 016599 d-ζζ FIG. nine FIG. 10 FIG. eleven