EA003200B1 - Дисперсия тонкоизмельченных пористых частиц неорганического оксида и способы ее получения - Google Patents
Дисперсия тонкоизмельченных пористых частиц неорганического оксида и способы ее получения Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EA003200B1 EA003200B1 EA200100123A EA200100123A EA003200B1 EA 003200 B1 EA003200 B1 EA 003200B1 EA 200100123 A EA200100123 A EA 200100123A EA 200100123 A EA200100123 A EA 200100123A EA 003200 B1 EA003200 B1 EA 003200B1
- Authority
- EA
- Eurasian Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- dispersion
- inorganic oxide
- porosity
- silica gel
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 277
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 243
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 268
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229910021486 amorphous silicon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012468 concentrated sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000490 cosmetic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000019244 fetal lower urinary tract obstruction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007966 viscous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/141—Preparation of hydrosols or aqueous dispersions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11241698A | 1998-07-09 | 1998-07-09 | |
| US09/343,842 US6380265B1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-06-30 | Dispersion of fine porous inorganic oxide particles and processes for preparing same |
| PCT/US1999/015301 WO2000002814A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-07 | Dispersion of fine porous inorganic oxide particles and processes for preparing same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EA200100123A1 EA200100123A1 (ru) | 2001-08-27 |
| EA003200B1 true EA003200B1 (ru) | 2003-02-27 |
Family
ID=26809928
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EA200100123A EA003200B1 (ru) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-07 | Дисперсия тонкоизмельченных пористых частиц неорганического оксида и способы ее получения |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4628544B2 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1217857C (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU773624B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9911919B1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2337195C (enExample) |
| CZ (1) | CZ2001110A3 (enExample) |
| EA (1) | EA003200B1 (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL202088B1 (enExample) |
| TR (1) | TR200100018T2 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW593143B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6380265B1 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2002-04-30 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Dispersion of fine porous inorganic oxide particles and processes for preparing same |
| US7985400B2 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2011-07-26 | Lummus Technology Inc. | Method for making mesoporous or combined mesoporous and microporous inorganic oxides |
| DE102004006113A1 (de) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-25 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Trägern für Katalysatoren |
| JP4494466B2 (ja) | 2005-05-31 | 2010-06-30 | パナソニック株式会社 | 蛍光ランプ及びその製造方法、並びに照明装置 |
| KR102013251B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-05 | 2019-08-22 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | 안정성이 개선된 수성 코팅 조성물 |
| JP6596880B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2019-10-30 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 内装用塗料 |
| CN108883934A (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2018-11-23 | M技术株式会社 | 微粒分散液的精密改性方法 |
| CA3072783C (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2022-05-03 | The Sherwin-Williams Company | Room temperature cure zirconate-silica sol-gel pretreatment for metal substrates |
| GB201913817D0 (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-11-06 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2816574C2 (de) * | 1978-04-17 | 1988-09-29 | Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt | Fluoreszenz-Indikatoren zur Verwendung in der Chromatographie und diese enthaltende Sorptionsmittel |
| JPH05170424A (ja) * | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-09 | Nittetsu Mining Co Ltd | シリカゾルの製造方法 |
| JP3454554B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-28 | 2003-10-06 | 水澤化学工業株式会社 | 非晶質シリカ粒状体及びその製法 |
| JP3719686B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-13 | 2005-11-24 | 東ソー・シリカ株式会社 | 濾過剤用シリカゲル |
-
1999
- 1999-07-07 CZ CZ2001110A patent/CZ2001110A3/cs unknown
- 1999-07-07 CA CA002337195A patent/CA2337195C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-07 EA EA200100123A patent/EA003200B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-07 PL PL346122A patent/PL202088B1/pl unknown
- 1999-07-07 JP JP2000559049A patent/JP4628544B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-07 BR BRPI9911919-6A patent/BR9911919B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-07 AU AU52086/99A patent/AU773624B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-07-07 CN CN998122831A patent/CN1217857C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-07 TR TR2001/00018T patent/TR200100018T2/xx unknown
- 1999-07-19 TW TW088111587A patent/TW593143B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4628544B2 (ja) | 2011-02-09 |
| AU5208699A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
| EA200100123A1 (ru) | 2001-08-27 |
| CN1217857C (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
| CZ2001110A3 (cs) | 2002-05-15 |
| TW593143B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
| CN1323277A (zh) | 2001-11-21 |
| JP2004513049A (ja) | 2004-04-30 |
| BR9911919B1 (pt) | 2009-01-13 |
| CA2337195C (en) | 2009-09-08 |
| TR200100018T2 (tr) | 2002-01-21 |
| PL346122A1 (en) | 2002-01-28 |
| PL202088B1 (pl) | 2009-05-29 |
| CA2337195A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
| AU773624B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
| BR9911919A (pt) | 2001-12-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5525385B2 (ja) | 微細な多孔質無機酸化物粒子の分散液および同分散液の製造方法 | |
| EA003067B1 (ru) | Композиция, пригодная для нанесения впитывающих печатную краску покрытий | |
| EP0876433B1 (en) | Milled silicates and silicas used in ink jet printing | |
| JP4209195B2 (ja) | 大表面積凝集顔料 | |
| EA003200B1 (ru) | Дисперсия тонкоизмельченных пористых частиц неорганического оксида и способы ее получения | |
| WO2008077877A2 (en) | Method for processing crude bentonite | |
| RU2393114C2 (ru) | Размол диоксидов кремния с использованием химических способов | |
| JP2004292272A (ja) | 非晶質シリカ及びそれを用いたインクジェット記録媒体の製造方法 | |
| JP4279228B2 (ja) | インクジェット記録紙用塗工液の製造方法 | |
| JPH1149992A (ja) | 塗料用艶消し剤、および塗料用艶消し剤の製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s) |
Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KZ KG MD TJ TM RU |