DK171583B1 - Procedure for machine washing - Google Patents
Procedure for machine washing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK171583B1 DK171583B1 DK114888A DK114888A DK171583B1 DK 171583 B1 DK171583 B1 DK 171583B1 DK 114888 A DK114888 A DK 114888A DK 114888 A DK114888 A DK 114888A DK 171583 B1 DK171583 B1 DK 171583B1
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- washing
- sprayed
- dishwashing
- wash
- spraying
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
- A47L15/44—Devices for adding cleaning agents; Devices for dispensing cleaning agents, rinsing aids or deodorants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
- A47L15/0055—Metering or indication of used products, e.g. type or quantity of detergent, rinse aid or salt; for measuring or controlling the product concentration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/24—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware with movement of the crockery baskets by conveyors
- A47L15/241—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware with movement of the crockery baskets by conveyors the dishes moving in a horizontal plane
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- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)
Description
DK 171583 B1DK 171583 B1
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til maskinopvask, især en forbedring af kontinuerlig eller ikke-kontinuerlig maskinopvask, uanset om der anvendes en maskine med ét eller flere kar eller en maskine med trans-5 portbånd.The present invention relates to a method of machine washing, in particular to improving continuous or non-continuous machine washing, whether one or more tubs or a conveyor belt machine is used.
Ved en typisk fremgangsmåde til maskinopvask bliver service eller køkkengrej såsom tallerkener eller fade, der er tilsmudset med madrester, bakker, bestik og glas med læbe-stiftpletter sprøjtet kraftigt med vand i et forvaskeområde 10 eller en forvaskecyklus. Det vand, der anvendes til forvasken, kan enten være koldt eller foropvarmet rent vand eller kølevand fra en dampkondenseringsproces, men er normalt overløbsvand fra en vaskevæske, der som regel sprøjtes på genstandene ved relativt lavt tryk og i relativt stor mængde 15 fra hensigtsmæssigt placerede sprøjtedyser. Efter dette forvaskeområde eller denne forvaskecyklus indføres genstandene i selve vaskeområdet eller udsættes for vaskecyklen, hvor de igen sprøjtes kraftigt, denne gang med en vaskevæske.In a typical machine dishwashing procedure, service or kitchen utensils such as dishes or dishes that are soiled with food debris, trays, cutlery and glasses with lipstick stains are sprayed vigorously with water in a pre-wash area 10 or a pre-wash cycle. The water used for the prewash can be either cold or preheated pure water or cooling water from a steam condensation process, but is usually overflow water from a wash liquid which is usually sprayed onto the articles at relatively low pressure and in relatively large quantity 15 from appropriately placed spray nozzles. . After this wash area or wash cycle, the items are introduced into the wash area itself or subjected to the wash cycle where they are again vigorously sprayed, this time with a wash liquid.
20 Vaskevæsken er sædvanligvis vand med en temperatur på fra 50 til 60°C, hvortil et flydende eller pulverformigt detergent er blevet tilsat. For at fjernelse af fedt, stivelse, pletter og protein skal være tilstrækkelig pålidelig tilsættes vandet fx pulverformigt eller flydende detergent indtil en mængde på 25 0,1-0,3 vægtprocent aktivt rensemiddel i opløsning. Den resulterende vaskevæske sprøjtes på genstandene ved hjælp af en pumpe igennem nedre og øvre dyser og i visse tilfælde gennem yderligere sidedyser. Smudset på genstandene fjernes eller i det mindste kvælder eller blødgøres og til dels 30 opløses af vaskevæsken. I efterfølgende skylleområder eller -cykler fjernes de kvældede eller blødgjorte madrester, og samtidig bortskylles vaskevæsken med vand. I et afsluttende skylleområde eller skyllecycklus fjernes eventuelle rester af vaskevæsken med vand med en temperatur på op til ca. 85°C.The wash liquid is usually water having a temperature of from 50 to 60 ° C to which a liquid or powder detergent has been added. For the removal of fat, starch, stains and protein to be sufficiently reliable, for example, the water is added to powdered or liquid detergent up to an amount of 0.1-0.3% by weight of active detergent in solution. The resulting wash liquid is sprayed onto the articles by means of a pump through lower and upper nozzles and in some cases through additional side nozzles. The dirt on the articles is removed or at least swelled or softened and partially dissolved by the washing liquid. In subsequent rinsing areas or cycles, the swollen or softened food residues are removed and at the same time the wash liquid is rinsed with water. In a final rinse area or rinse cycle, any residue of the wash liquid is removed with water with a temperature of up to approx. 85 ° C.
35 Det vand, der anvendes til den endelige skylning, består af rent vand tilsat et skyllemiddel, der sikrer, at der på DK 171583 B1 2 genstandene kun resterer en ultratynd vandhinde, der kan fordampe i et efterfølgende tørreområde.35 The water used for the final rinsing consists of pure water added with a rinsing agent which ensures that on the objects only an ultra-thin water membrane that can evaporate in a subsequent drying area remains.
Anvendelsen af selv relativt store mængder detergent til regelmæssig konventionel opvask vil ikke altid fjerne behovet 5 for periodisk kraftig rengøring. Formålet med denne yderligere rengøring er at fjerne belægninger af fx vand-uopløselige pletter eller stivelse, der gradvis er blevet opbygget, men som ikke umiddelbart er synlige. Til denne kraftige rengøring behandles genstandene lejlighedsvis med en 10 vaskevæske indeholdende flere gange den normale mængde detergent. En forudgående manuel iblødlægning kan eventuelt anvendes til samme formål. Begge disse metoder medfører yderligere forurening af spildevandet.The use of even relatively large amounts of detergent for regular conventional washing will not always eliminate the need for periodic vigorous cleaning. The purpose of this additional cleaning is to remove coatings of, for example, water-insoluble stains or starches which have gradually been built up but are not immediately visible. For this vigorous cleaning, the items are occasionally treated with a 10 wash liquid containing several times the normal amount of detergent. A prior manual soaking may be used for the same purpose. Both of these methods cause further pollution of the wastewater.
GB-A-1.099.701 omhandler en fremgangsmåde til rengøring af en 15 overflade, hvor et væskeformigt medium omfattende en detergent i en koncentration på mindst 0.5%, og i hvilket der er suspenderet i det væsentlige vand-uigennemtrængelige, ikke-slibende inerte partikler, sprøjtes på overfladen. Der er ingen antydning i dette dokument, at detergentopløsninger 20 alene vil kunne anvendes til rengøring af overflader.GB-A-1,099,701 discloses a method of cleaning a surface wherein a liquid medium comprising a detergent at a concentration of at least 0.5% and in which substantially water-impervious, non-abrasive inert particles are suspended , is sprayed onto the surface. There is no suggestion in this document that detergent solutions 20 can only be used for surface cleaning.
Et formål med den foreliggende opfindelse er tilvejebringelse af en overraskende fordelagtig opvaskemetode. Den forbedrede rengøringseffektivitet, der opnås, kan reducere forbruget af arbejdskraft, vand og kemikalier, hvilket nedsætter 25 forurening og antal omvaskninger, mens den sikrer tilfredsstillende rengøring selv under vanskelige forhold.An object of the present invention is to provide a surprisingly advantageous washing method. The improved cleaning efficiency achieved can reduce the consumption of labor, water and chemicals, reducing 25 pollution and the number of washings while ensuring satisfactory cleaning even in difficult conditions.
Ved den foreliggende opfindelse tilvejebringes en fremgangsmåde til maskinopvask, hvilken fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved, at et højkoncentreret vandigt opvaskepræparat 30 indeholdende mindst 0,5 vægtprocent af ét eller flere aktive rengøringsmidler påsprøjtes i det mindste delvis tilsmudsede genstande, og at opvaskepræparatet og smuds efter en kontaktperiode på mindst 2 sekunder fjernes i ét eller flere efterfølgende trin.The present invention provides a process for machine washing which is characterized in that a highly concentrated aqueous detergent 30 containing at least 0.5% by weight of one or more active detergents is sprayed onto at least partially soiled articles and the dishwashing and dirt after a contact period in at least 2 seconds is removed in one or more subsequent steps.
DK 171583 B1 3DK 171583 B1 3
En opvaskemaskine kan indrettes til at udøve en sådan fremgangsmåde, fx ved tilføjelse af yderligere sprøjtedyser og dermed forbundne systemer og/eller ved ændringer i maskinens styresystemer.A dishwasher can be arranged to practice such a method, for example by adding additional spray nozzles and associated systems and / or by changing the machine's control systems.
5 Det vandige opvaskepræparat kan fremstilles på basis af pulverformige eller flydende materialer. Ifølge opfindelsen indeholder det påsprøjtede rengøringspræparat mindst 0,5 vægtprocent af ét eller flere aktive rengøringsmidler. Mens fx 30 vægtprocent kunne betragtes som en øvre grænse, er den 10 kritiske faktor den, at præparatet skal forblive sprøjtbart.The aqueous dishwashing composition can be made from powdered or liquid materials. According to the invention, the sprayed cleaning composition contains at least 0.5% by weight of one or more active cleaning agents. For example, while 30% by weight could be considered an upper limit, the 10 critical factor is that the preparation should remain sprayable.
Det udsprøjtede opvaskepræparat indeholder fortrinsvis fra 0,8 til 10 vægtprocent, især fra 0,9 til 3 vægtprocent af ét eller flere aktive rengøringsmidler.The extruded dishwashing composition preferably contains from 0.8 to 10% by weight, especially from 0.9 to 3% by weight of one or more active detergents.
Ifølge opfindelsen vil en kontaktperiode på mindst 2 sekunder 15 være tilstrækkelig til den ønskede kemiske, i modsætning til mekaniske, virkning. Ved foretrukne udførelsesformer kan kontaktperioden være på fra 5 til 100 sekunder, især fra 8 til 25 sekunder. For at tilvejebringe den ønskede, forlængede, intime kontakt eller "mætning" bliver 20 sprøjtningens "mekaniske virkning" i det mindste minimeret, selv om den eventuelt ikke helt undgås. I denne kontaktperiode bliver genstandene, der er under opvask, ikke udsat for tilsigtet sprøjtning.According to the invention, a contact period of at least 2 seconds 15 will be sufficient for the desired chemical, as opposed to mechanical, effect. In preferred embodiments, the contact period can be from 5 to 100 seconds, especially from 8 to 25 seconds. In order to provide the desired, extended, intimate contact or "saturation", the "mechanical effect" of the spray is at least minimized, although it may not be completely avoided. During this contact period, the objects that are being washed are not subjected to intentional spraying.
For at opnå optimale resultater er det vigtigt, at i det 25 væsentlige hele overfladen af en tilsmudset genstand kommer i kontakt med det udsprøjtede opvaskepræparat, og mængden af udsprøjtet præparat samt måden, hvorpå det udsprøjtes, kan tilpasses dette formål. En findelt, blid, tågelignende spray er specielt ønskværdig. I en maskine med transportbånd 30 spiller båndets fremføringshastighed også en rolle. Især udvælges det udsprøjtede volumen og/eller antallet og/eller placeringen af sprøjtedyser således, at lavvolumen- og lavintensitetssprøjtning vil sikre den ønskede type af fuldstændig dækning og jævn fordeling. Arten, volumenet og 35 koncentrationen af det udsprøjtede præparat kan varieres, DK 171583 B1 4 ligesom udsprøjtningsorganerne kan varieres afhængigt af fx transportbåndets belastning og, hvor det er relevant, dets bevægelse og/eller fremføringshastighed. Den i nærværende beskrivelse omtalte tågelignende påføring af koncentreret 5 opvaskepræparat med lille volumen/lav intensitet står i kontrast til den kraftige højvolumensprøjtning, der anvendes ved konventionel maskinopvask.For optimum results, it is important that substantially the entire surface of a soiled object comes into contact with the sprayed dishwasher and the amount of the sprayed as well as the manner in which it is sprayed can be adapted to this purpose. A finely divided, gentle, fog-like spray is especially desirable. In a conveyor belt machine 30, the conveyor speed of the belt also plays a role. In particular, the spray volume and / or the number and / or location of spray nozzles are selected so that low volume and low intensity spraying will ensure the desired type of complete coverage and even distribution. The nature, volume and concentration of the extruded composition may be varied, as can the spraying means may be varied depending, for example, on the conveyor belt load and, where appropriate, its movement and / or feed rate. The fog-like application of low volume / low intensity concentrated dishwashing composition described herein contrasts with the powerful high volume spraying used in conventional machine washing.
I almindelighed kan en fremgangsmåde til maskinopvask eventuelt omfatte én eller flere forvaskecykler eller 10 -områder, fx til fjernelse af kraftig tilsmudsning, et eller flere vaskeområder og et eller flere skylleområder. Ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse påsprøjtes den usædvanligt højkoncentrerede rengøringsopløsning ved et trin inden den endelige skylning, ofte som i det mindste en del af en 15 vaskecyklus eller i et vaskeområde.In general, a machine washing process may optionally comprise one or more prewash cycles or 10 areas, for example, for removing heavy soiling, one or more washing areas and one or more rinsing areas. According to the present invention, the unusually highly concentrated cleaning solution is sprayed at one step prior to final rinsing, often as at least part of a wash cycle or in a wash area.
Mens alle de nødvendige rengøringsmidler kan inkorporeres i det påsprøjtede koncentrat, kan det være fordelagtigt at tilføre yderligere opvaskepræparat på konventionel måde i løbet af processen. Sædvanligvis er dette yderligere ma-20 teriale ikke det samme som det påsprøjtede koncentrat, men det kan dog være det samme præparat, som blot er yderligere fortyndet. Især er anvendelsen af et komplementært præparat anbefalelsesværdigt. Balancen mellem de komplementære produkter kan også justeres. Fx kunne en højalkalisk spray 25 balanceres af en efterfølgende mindre alkalisk vask. Det foreliggende system tillader også, at der anvendes kemikalier, som normalt ville være inkompatible, hvis de var blandet sammen i et enkelt produkt til anvendelse i hinandens nærværelse; fx kan oxidationsmidler såsom hypochlorit 30 anvendes i sprayen, mens vandkonditionerende midler såsom NTA (nitrilotriacetat) tilføres senere.While all the necessary detergents can be incorporated into the sprayed concentrate, it may be advantageous to add additional detergent in a conventional manner during the process. Usually this additional material is not the same as the sprayed concentrate, but it may be the same composition which is merely further diluted. In particular, the use of a complementary preparation is recommended. The balance of the complementary products can also be adjusted. For example, a highly alkaline spray 25 could be balanced by a subsequent less alkaline wash. The present system also permits the use of chemicals which would normally be incompatible if mixed together in a single product for use in each other's presence; for example, oxidizing agents such as hypochlorite 30 can be used in the spray, while water conditioning agents such as NTA (nitrilotriacetate) are added later.
Selv om det koncentrerede opvaskepræparat som regel påsprøjtes mere eller mindre vedvarende under den pågældende del af opvaskeprocessen, kan det anvendes med mellemrum eller DK 171583 B1 5 lejlighedsvis, fx i vaskecyklen i en maskine uden transportbånd.Although the concentrated dishwashing agent is usually sprayed more or less permanently during that part of the washing process, it can be used at intervals or occasionally, for example, in the washing cycle of a machine without a conveyor belt.
Det påsprøjtede vandige opvaskepræparat skal kunne flyde, men kan fx være i form af en opløsning, en emulsion eller en 5 opslæmning. Der kendes en række materialer, som forårsager eller fremmer i det mindste en vis gennemtrængning og/eller kvældning og/eller løsning og/eller opløsning af smuds. Et basisk opvaskepræparat vil typisk indeholde en kilde til alkalinitet og en kilde til complexdannelsesaktivitet.The sprayed aqueous dishwashing composition must be capable of flowing, but may for example be in the form of a solution, an emulsion or a slurry. A variety of materials are known which cause or promote at least some penetration and / or swelling and / or solution and / or dissolution of dirt. A basic dishwashing preparation will typically contain a source of alkalinity and a source of complexing activity.
10 Sådanne præparater kan tilpasses til bekæmpelse af bestemte problemer. Fx kan det tænkes, at fjernelse af tepletter vil kræve inkorporering af blegemidler, mens produkter baseret på amylase kan være nyttige til fjernelse af stivelse uden alkalinitet.Such preparations can be adapted to combat certain problems. For example, it is conceivable that removal of tea stains will require the incorporation of bleaches, while products based on amylase may be useful for removing starch without alkalinity.
15 Til illustrative formål kan en maskine til udøvelse af den foreliggende fremgangsmåde være en maskine med transportbånd og kan omfatte et forvaskeområde, et vaskeområde, et skylleområde, et område til endelig afskylning og et tørreområde. Rent vand tilføres kun til det område, hvor afslut-20 tende afskylning finder sted, og løber videre derefter på kaskade-maner mod forvaskeområdet i modstrøm i forhold til servicets transportretning.For illustrative purposes, a machine for carrying out the present method may be a conveyor belt machine and may comprise a pre-wash area, a wash area, a rinse area, a final rinse area, and a drying area. Pure water is supplied only to the area where final rinsing takes place, and then continues on cascading maneuvers towards the pre-wash area countercurrent to the service's transport direction.
Et simpelt produkt, der er rimelig effektivt til fjernelse af ophobede stivelsesrester og pletter kan sammensættes af 25 følgende komponenter: DK 171583 B1 6A simple product that is reasonably effective at removing accumulated starch residues and stains can be composed of the following components: DK 171583 B1 6
Kaiiumhydroxid 20-30 vægtprocent kelatdannende middel/midler 15-25 vægtprocent kalkudfældningshæmmende middel/midler ("threshold agent(s)") 2-4 vægtprocent 5 dispergerende polymer(er) 2-4 vægtprocent befugtningsmiddel/midler 1-2 vægtprocent resten vandPotassium hydroxide 20-30% by weight of chelating agent / agents 15-25% by weight of lime precipitant / agents ("threshold agent (s)") 2-4% by weight 5 dispersing polymer (s) 2-4% by weight wetting agent / agents 1-2% by weight of residual water
Optimering af et sådant produkt er både mulig og ønskelig. Et sådant produkt kan blandes løbende med vand inden på-10 sprøjtning ved en fortynding på ca. 2,5% igennem egnede sprøjtedyser placeret inden for vaskeområdet umiddelbart før eller efter området til konventionel vask. Sprøjtet service kan derefter passere gennem en del af vaskeområdet med pumperne slukket (medmindre der allerede er tilstrækkelig 15 afstand mellem områderne), så at der opnås en kontaktperiode på ca. 15 sekunder, inden det når til et yderligere vaskeområde eller skylleområde. Yderligere detergent kan tilsættes på konventionel måde på andre trin for at tilvejebringe yderligere pletfjernelse og for at forhindre 20 belægningsdannelse på maskindele. Derefter fortsætter servicet til et endeligt skylletrin, hvor skyllemiddel kan tilføres.Optimization of such a product is both possible and desirable. Such a product can be mixed continuously with water before spraying at a dilution of approx. 2.5% through suitable spray nozzles located within the wash area immediately before or after the conventional wash area. Sprayed service can then pass through a portion of the wash area with the pumps off (unless there is already a sufficient distance between the areas) so that a contact period of approx. 15 seconds before reaching a further wash or rinse area. Additional detergents can be added in a conventional manner in other steps to provide additional stain removal and to prevent coating formation on machine parts. Thereafter, the service proceeds to a final rinse step where the softener can be added.
Efter læsning af tilsmudset service på transportbåndet bliver det i forvaskeområdet overhældt med overløbsvand fra 25 vaskeområdet, hvilket vand har en temperatur på ca. 40°C.After reading soiled service on the conveyor belt, it is poured into the pre-wash area with overflow water from the wash area, which water has a temperature of approx. 40 ° C.
Alle grove rester eller relativt store mængder madrester bliver derved fjernet fra servicet. Dernæst passerer servicet ind i selve vaskeområdet. I vaskeområdet oversprøjtes servicet med den højkoncentrerede detergentopløsning; hver 30 dyse kan levere så lidt som 6 1/time, og typisk vil der være fra 3 til 10 dyser. Systemet er indrettet eller tilpasset således, at der ikke er noget, der forstyrrer den ønskede, forlængede, intime kontakt.All coarse or relatively large quantities of food debris are thereby removed from the service. Next, the service passes into the wash area itself. In the wash area, the service is sprayed with the highly concentrated detergent solution; each 30 nozzle can deliver as little as 6 l / h and typically there will be from 3 to 10 nozzles. The system is arranged or adapted so that nothing disturbs the desired, extended, intimate contact.
Transportbåndets fremføringshastighed er fordelagtigt valgt 35 således, at detergentopløsningens kontaktperiode er fra 5 tilAdvantageously, the conveying speed of the conveyor belt is selected such that the contact period of the detergent solution is from 5 to
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19873707366 DE3707366A1 (en) | 1987-03-07 | 1987-03-07 | METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS MACHINE CLEANING OF CLEANING UTENSILS |
DE3707366 | 1987-03-07 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK114888D0 DK114888D0 (en) | 1988-03-03 |
DK114888A DK114888A (en) | 1988-09-04 |
DK171583B1 true DK171583B1 (en) | 1997-02-10 |
DK171583B2 DK171583B2 (en) | 2003-04-14 |
Family
ID=6322513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK198801148A DK171583B2 (en) | 1987-03-07 | 1988-03-03 | Machine washing process |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0282214B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU604854B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1324945C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3707366A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK171583B2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2026250T5 (en) |
Families Citing this family (36)
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DE3922067A1 (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1991-01-17 | Henkel Kgaa | METHOD FOR RINSING USES DISHWARE AND DISHWASHER FOR PERFORMING THE METHOD |
DE3932806A1 (en) * | 1989-09-30 | 1991-04-11 | Henkel Kgaa | COMMERCIAL DISHWASHER |
DE3938755A1 (en) * | 1989-11-23 | 1991-05-29 | Henkel Kgaa | METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS MACHINE CLEANING OF CLEANING UTENSILS |
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SE9003730D0 (en) * | 1990-11-23 | 1990-11-23 | Electrolux Ab | WANTED TO TRANSFER VOLTAGE FROM A SCIENCE COLLECTION TO A SURFACE OF A PURPOSE |
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-
1987
- 1987-03-07 DE DE19873707366 patent/DE3707366A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1988
- 1988-03-01 ES ES88301755T patent/ES2026250T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-01 DE DE8888301755T patent/DE3865324D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-01 CA CA000560223A patent/CA1324945C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-01 EP EP88301755A patent/EP0282214B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-02 AU AU12576/88A patent/AU604854B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-03-03 DK DK198801148A patent/DK171583B2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
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EP0282214B1 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
CA1324945C (en) | 1993-12-07 |
DK114888A (en) | 1988-09-04 |
EP0282214B2 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
AU604854B2 (en) | 1991-01-03 |
ES2026250T3 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
DE3707366A1 (en) | 1988-09-15 |
DK114888D0 (en) | 1988-03-03 |
AU1257688A (en) | 1988-09-01 |
DK171583B2 (en) | 2003-04-14 |
EP0282214A1 (en) | 1988-09-14 |
ES2026250T5 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
DE3865324D1 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUP | Patent expired |