DK0643627T3 - Indretning til plastificering af termoplastisk plastmateriale - Google Patents
Indretning til plastificering af termoplastisk plastmaterialeInfo
- Publication number
- DK0643627T3 DK0643627T3 DK93912392.3T DK93912392T DK0643627T3 DK 0643627 T3 DK0643627 T3 DK 0643627T3 DK 93912392 T DK93912392 T DK 93912392T DK 0643627 T3 DK0643627 T3 DK 0643627T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- pct
- screw
- plastics material
- synthetic plastics
- shafts
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/83—Mixing plants specially adapted for mixing in combination with disintegrating operations
- B01F33/831—Devices with consecutive working receptacles, e.g. with two intermeshing tools in one of the receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/55—Screws having reverse-feeding elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/57—Screws provided with kneading disc-like elements, e.g. with oval-shaped elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/793—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling upstream of the plasticising zone, e.g. heating in the hopper
- B29C48/797—Cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
- B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
- B29C48/832—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
- B30B11/24—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using screws or worms
- B30B11/248—Means preventing the material from turning with the screw or returning towards the feed hopper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
- B29C48/286—Raw material dosing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Screw Conveyors (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0121292A AT398937B (de) | 1992-06-12 | 1992-06-12 | Vorrichtung zum plastifizieren von thermoplastischem kunststoffgut |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK0643627T3 true DK0643627T3 (da) | 1996-08-12 |
Family
ID=3509048
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK93912392.3T DK0643627T3 (da) | 1992-06-12 | 1993-06-08 | Indretning til plastificering af termoplastisk plastmateriale |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5526991A (da) |
EP (1) | EP0643627B1 (da) |
JP (1) | JP2605231B2 (da) |
KR (2) | KR0134507B1 (da) |
AT (2) | AT398937B (da) |
AU (1) | AU668184B2 (da) |
BR (1) | BR9306509A (da) |
CA (1) | CA2137796C (da) |
DE (1) | DE59301811D1 (da) |
DK (1) | DK0643627T3 (da) |
ES (1) | ES2087742T3 (da) |
MX (1) | MX9303495A (da) |
WO (1) | WO1993025312A1 (da) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105195277A (zh) * | 2015-10-22 | 2015-12-30 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | 破碎机 |
Families Citing this family (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100207175B1 (ko) * | 1993-12-21 | 1999-07-15 | 바케르 헬무트 | 열가소성 플라스틱 재료를 처리하는 장치 |
US5783225A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1998-07-21 | Bacher; Helmut | Apparatus for processing thermoplastic synthetic plastics material |
JP2954505B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-14 | 1999-09-27 | 株式会社御池鐵工所 | 発泡スチロールを含む廃棄物の固形化装置 |
AT407234B (de) * | 1996-10-14 | 2001-01-25 | Gerold Ing Barth | Aufbereitungsvorrichtung zum zerkleinern und fördern von thermoplastischem kunststoffmaterial |
US6126100A (en) * | 1996-10-14 | 2000-10-03 | Barth; Gerold | Processing device for crushing, conveying and plastifying thermoplastic synthetic material |
IT1296143B1 (it) * | 1997-11-18 | 1999-06-09 | Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat | Dispositivo di comando di un iniettore di combustibile per motori a combustione interna. |
BE1012892A4 (nl) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-05-08 | Den Eynde Willy Van | Machine voor het verkleinen van afvalprodukten. |
AT502846A1 (de) * | 2002-07-18 | 2007-06-15 | Starlinger & Co Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur aufbereitung von kunststoffabfällen |
WO2004029047A1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-04-08 | Eli Lilly And Company | Derivative of dihydro-dibenzo (a) anthracenes and their use as selective estrogen receptor modulators |
US7152820B1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-12-26 | John Baker | Asphalt recycling device and method of using |
US7178749B2 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2007-02-20 | Moyno, Inc. | Pump with cutting assembly |
US20070102550A1 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Lin Ping H | Plastic grain cutting and transporting mechanism |
DE102006006096A1 (de) * | 2006-02-10 | 2007-08-16 | Altenburger Maschinen Jäckering GmbH | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Einspeisung von feuchten und/oder klebrigen Produkten, insbesondere Zellulose, in einer Luftwirbelmühle |
CN1962098B (zh) * | 2006-11-29 | 2010-08-11 | 宁波阿勒法管系机械制造有限公司 | 一种食品垃圾处理装置 |
KR101229655B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-31 | 2013-02-04 | 코웨이 주식회사 | 음식물 처리기의 건조로 |
KR100973771B1 (ko) * | 2008-10-16 | 2010-08-04 | 삼호환경기술 주식회사 | 파쇄기 |
CN102658229A (zh) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-12 | 北京京城环保产业发展有限责任公司 | 一种破碎机 |
CA2780498A1 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-18 | Keith Putman | Device for disaggregating field additives |
JP5875479B2 (ja) | 2012-07-24 | 2016-03-02 | 山崎 純生 | プラスチック廃材用押出装置 |
EP3152334A4 (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2018-02-28 | Putsch&Company, Inc. | Process for producing pulp from sugar beets |
CN106476159A (zh) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-03-08 | 郑州搜趣信息技术有限公司 | 一种具有气体净化作用的双螺杆塑料加工一体机 |
CN106914324A (zh) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-04 | 广东隽诺环保科技股份有限公司 | 双轴撕碎机的刀辊结构 |
CN107626410A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-26 | 苏州浔宇新材料科技有限公司 | 一种农业生产加工用玉米粉碎装置 |
KR20190044851A (ko) | 2017-10-23 | 2019-05-02 | (주)드림켐 | 플라스틱 압출장치 |
IT201800003921A1 (it) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-09-26 | Colines Spa | Impianto e metodo per il recupero in linea dei rifili in linee di estrusione di film di materia plastica |
CN110271165A (zh) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-09-24 | 杭州高兴工程塑料有限公司 | 一种用于改性pp的双螺杆挤出机 |
CN112295657A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-02-02 | 上海贸万实业有限公司 | 一种物流包装盒自动打碎处理机构 |
CN112619823B (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 阳谷立强塑料制品有限公司 | 一种塑料粉碎装置 |
CN114984830B (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-11-03 | 江西杉生生态科技有限公司 | 一种红豆杉原料的佛香混料成形一体机 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE917571C (de) * | 1944-08-24 | 1954-09-06 | Dr Richard Hessen | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kunstharzpressmischungen |
DE1268823B (de) * | 1959-06-11 | 1968-05-22 | Dr Zareh Lorenian | Schneckenpresse zur Verarbeitung von thermoplastischen und/oder thermisch haertbarenKunststoffen |
FR2257346A1 (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1975-08-08 | Baikoff Eugene | Waste disintegrator esp. for old tyres - has elastic axial displacement of cutting discs when encountering very hard material |
DE2842162A1 (de) * | 1978-09-28 | 1980-04-17 | Anton Kolb Maschinenbau | Aufbereitungsvorrichtung fuer abfaelle aus thermoplastischem kunststoff |
US4377259A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1983-03-22 | Reclamet, Inc. | Chip and turnings separator and crusher |
ATE37671T1 (de) * | 1983-08-01 | 1988-10-15 | Raimund Falkner | Vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von abfall. |
DE3430087A1 (de) * | 1984-08-16 | 1986-02-27 | Karl 8332 Massing Ackermann | Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung fuer abfall |
EP0174148B1 (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1990-05-09 | Mochizuki Precision Machine Industries Co. Ltd. | Cutting apparatus |
CA1290528C (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1991-10-15 | Martin Walsh | Method and apparatus for producing thermoplastic and products produced therefrom |
GB2178691B (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1989-10-25 | Farrel Bridge Ltd | Screw extruders |
EP0239104B1 (de) * | 1986-03-27 | 1991-06-05 | H.S.M. Pressen GmbH | Schneidwerk für Aktenvernichter |
DE9017387U1 (de) * | 1990-12-22 | 1991-03-14 | BeR Maschinenentwicklungs- und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, 6720 Speyer | Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von grobem Material |
JP3188909B2 (ja) * | 1991-07-17 | 2001-07-16 | 松爾 中込 | 2軸破砕機 |
US5232170A (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1993-08-03 | Yang Mu Tsang | Material pusher |
US5527106A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1996-06-18 | Antogi Ag | Retruder |
US5397065A (en) * | 1992-11-03 | 1995-03-14 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Solid state shear extrusion pulverization |
EP0616850B1 (de) * | 1993-03-22 | 1997-07-23 | Hermann Schwelling | Aktenvernichter |
-
1992
- 1992-06-12 AT AT0121292A patent/AT398937B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-06-08 DK DK93912392.3T patent/DK0643627T3/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-06-08 JP JP6500949A patent/JP2605231B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-08 US US08/351,354 patent/US5526991A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-08 EP EP93912392A patent/EP0643627B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-08 KR KR1019940704524A patent/KR0134507B1/ko active
- 1993-06-08 KR KR1019940704524A patent/KR950701842A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-08 AT AT93912392T patent/ATE134902T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-08 ES ES93912392T patent/ES2087742T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-08 AU AU42939/93A patent/AU668184B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-06-08 DE DE59301811T patent/DE59301811D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-08 WO PCT/AT1993/000098 patent/WO1993025312A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1993-06-08 BR BR9306509A patent/BR9306509A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-08 CA CA002137796A patent/CA2137796C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-11 MX MX9303495A patent/MX9303495A/es unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105195277A (zh) * | 2015-10-22 | 2015-12-30 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | 破碎机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2087742T3 (es) | 1996-07-16 |
KR950701842A (ko) | 1995-05-17 |
EP0643627B1 (de) | 1996-03-06 |
DE59301811D1 (de) | 1996-04-11 |
JP2605231B2 (ja) | 1997-04-30 |
BR9306509A (pt) | 1998-09-15 |
CA2137796C (en) | 1999-12-28 |
AU668184B2 (en) | 1996-04-26 |
ATA121292A (de) | 1994-07-15 |
WO1993025312A1 (de) | 1993-12-23 |
US5526991A (en) | 1996-06-18 |
CA2137796A1 (en) | 1993-12-13 |
ATE134902T1 (de) | 1996-03-15 |
AT398937B (de) | 1995-02-27 |
MX9303495A (es) | 1994-01-31 |
EP0643627A1 (de) | 1995-03-22 |
AU4293993A (en) | 1994-01-04 |
KR0134507B1 (ko) | 1998-04-21 |
JPH07507730A (ja) | 1995-08-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DK0643627T3 (da) | Indretning til plastificering af termoplastisk plastmateriale | |
JPH0613176B2 (ja) | 熱可塑性合成樹脂廃棄物、特にフィルム、糸等を連続的に再顆粒化するための固形化装置 | |
BR9809860B1 (pt) | processo para a produção contìnua de preparações sólidas, particuladas de substáncias bioativas, e, arranjo para executar o mesmo. | |
ATE345168T1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur granulierung von kunststoffen | |
GB1059286A (en) | A method and apparatus for granulating pieces of thermoplastic synthetic resin film | |
ES472027A1 (es) | Instalacion trituradora | |
DE59711500D1 (de) | Aufbereitungsvorrichtung zum zerkleinern, fördern und plastifizieren von thermoplastischem kunststoffmaterial | |
DK0768920T3 (da) | Rotorkniv til findeling af især omfangsrigt affald | |
KR850001726B1 (ko) | 런너(runner) 조쇄기(粗碎機) | |
ES414373A1 (es) | Perfeccionamientos en los medios de alimentacion de los aparatos extrusores elasticos por fusion. | |
BR0203318A (pt) | Dispositivo para a trituração de desperdicios de materia sintética | |
ATE21341T1 (de) | Rundlaufendes schneidwerkzeug, insbesondere zum stranggranulieren von kunststoffmaterial. | |
GB1128171A (en) | Improvements relating to a machine for granulating thermoplastic plastics | |
KR200275804Y1 (ko) | 플라스틱분쇄용 저속 분쇄기 | |
DE59704091D1 (de) | Ein Schneidwerk zur Abfallzerkleinerung über die gesamte Zuführbreite mittels versetzt angeordneter starrer Messer und eines Ambosses | |
ATE139173T1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum granulieren von kunststoffen | |
GB953310A (en) | Improvements relating to screw extruders | |
ES2079273A2 (es) | Conjunto para plastificar y filtrar de manera continua materias tales como polimeros en estado pastoso, viscoso o fundido, productos visco-elasticos, productos proteoleaginosos. | |
ES8100536A1 (es) | Perfeccionamientos en extrusora multihusillo | |
JPH0365284A (ja) | 合成樹脂の減容装置 | |
JPS63149111A (ja) | 押出成型機 | |
GB1237661A (en) | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for mincing minceable materials | |
JPS6426418A (en) | Injection molding machine | |
GB1393722A (en) | Apparatus for introducing a pigment into plastic | |
SU283557A1 (ru) | Червячный пресс для переработки отходов термопластов |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AHS | Application shelved for other reasons than non-payment |